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GB/T 13870.1-2022: Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects
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Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects
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Effects of current on human beings and livestock -- Part 1: General aspects
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Effects of current passing throuth the humman body. Part 2: Special aspects
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 13870.1-2022 (GB/T13870.1-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K09;P63 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.200; 29.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 66,685 | | Date of Issue | 2022-10-12 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-05-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 13870.1-2008; GB/T 13870.3-2003 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 13870.1-2022: Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1.General aspects
ICS 13.200;29.020
CCSK09;P63
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 13870.1-2008, GB/T 13870.3-2003
Effects of electric current on man and domestic animals
Part 1.General part
Part 1.General aspects
(IEC 60479-1.2018, IDT)
Released on 2022-10-12
2023-05-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
Released by the National Standardization Management Committee
table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
3.1 General definitions 2
3.2 Effect of sinusoidal alternating current in the range of 15 Hz to 100 Hz 3
3.3 Effect of DC current 4
4 Impedance of human body and livestock4
4.1 General 4
4.2 Internal Impedance (Zi) 4
4.3 Skin Impedance (ZS) 4
4.4 Total body impedance (ZT) 5
4.5 Factors affecting the initial resistance (R0) of the human body5
4.6 Total human body impedance (ZT) 5
4.6.1 Total body impedance for large, medium and small contact surface areas5
4.6.2 50 Hz/60 Hz sinusoidal alternating current with large contact surface area 5
4.6.3 50 Hz/60 Hz sinusoidal alternating current for medium and small contact surface areas 7
4.6.4 Sinusoidal alternating current with a frequency of 20 kHz and above 10
4.6.5 DC current 10
4.7 Human body initial resistance (R0) value 11
4.8 Characteristics of livestock body impedance 11
5 Effect of sinusoidal alternating current in the range of 15Hz~150Hz11
5.1 General 11
5.2 Perception Threshold 12
5.3 Response threshold 12
5.4 Activity Inhibition Threshold 12
5.5 Getting rid of threshold 12
5.6 Ventricular fibrillation threshold12
5.7 Other effects related to electric shock13
5.8 The effect of electric current on the skin 13
5.9 Explanation of time/current area (see Figure 20) 13
5.10 Application of cardiac current coefficient (F) 14
6 Effect of direct current 15
6.1 General 15
6.2 Perceptual and Response Thresholds 15
6.3 Activity inhibition threshold and disengagement threshold 15
6.4 Ventricular fibrillation threshold15
6.5 Other effects of current flow 15
6.6 Explanation of time/current area (see Figure 22) 16
6.7 Cardiac factor 16
6.8 Effect of direct current on anode and cathode 32
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of total body impedance ZT for living and dead bodies and systematic analysis of the results 35
Appendix B (Normative) Effect of frequency on the total body impedance (ZT) 38
Appendix C (Normative) Total body resistance (RT) for direct current 39
Appendix D (informative) Example of ZT calculation 40
Appendix E (Informative) Ventricular Fibrillation Theory 42
Appendix F (informative) Values of Upper Vulnerability (ULV) and Lower Vulnerability Limit (LLV) 43
Appendix G (Informative) Circuit Simulation Method in Electric Shock Assessment 44
APPENDIX H (NORMATIVE) EFFECTS OF CURRENT THROUGH THE CARDS OF LIVESTOCK 46
H.1 General 46
H.2 Key considerations for the risk of ventricular fibrillation in livestock46
H.3 Body impedance characteristics of livestock 46
H.4 Internal resistance (Zi) of animals 47
H.5 Impedance of fur and skin (ZP) 47
H.6 Impedance (resistance) of the hoof (Zh, Rh) 47
H.7 Total body impedance (ZT) 48
H.8 Total body resistance (R0) 48
H.9 Value of total body impedance (ZT) 48
H.10 Value of the initial resistance of the body (R0) 49
H.11 The effect of alternating sinusoidal current in the range of 15Hz~100Hz passing through livestock (R0) 49
H.11.1 General 49
H.11.2 Response threshold 49
H.11.3 Ventricular fibrillation threshold50
Reference 53
Figure 1 Human body impedance17
Figure 2 Partial impedance Zip 17 inside the human body
Figure 3 Simplified schematic diagram of the internal impedance of the human body18
Figure 4 Dry, water wet and saline wet conditions, large contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC, contact
Voltage UT is 25V~700V, 50% of the total body impedance ZT of the measured object (50%) 19
Fig.5 The relationship curve between the total impedance ZT and the contact surface area of a living person at 50Hz AC contact voltage under dry conditions 20
Figure 6 Dry conditions, 50Hz AC contact voltage UT is 25V~200V, the maximum current duration is 25ms, from the right hand to
The current path of the two index fingertips of the left hand compared to the path from the right hand to the left hand with a large contact surface area, a living person's
The relationship curve between the total impedance ZT measured by the human body and the contact voltage UT21
Fig.7 Drying conditions, large, medium and small contact surface areas (orders of 10000mm2, 1000mm2 and
100mm2), 50% of the living person's total human body impedance ZT and 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT
The relationship curve 22 for 25V~200V
Figure 8 Water-wet conditions, large, medium and small contact surface areas (orders of 10000mm2, 1000mm2 and
100mm2), the total impedance ZT of the human body and the 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT of 50% of the tested objects are
25V~200V relationship curve 23
Figure 9 Saline wet conditions, large, medium and small contact surface area (order of 10000mm2, 1000mm2 respectively
and 100mm2), the total human body impedance ZT and 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT of 50% of the living people to be measured are
25V~200V relationship curve 24
Figure 10 Dry condition, hand-to-hand current path, large contact surface area, when the contact voltage is 10V, the human body measured by 10 living people
The relationship curve between total impedance ZT and frequency from 25Hz to 20kHz 24
Figure 11 Dry conditions, hand-to-hand current path, large contact surface area, when the contact voltage is 25V, the human body measured by a living person
The relationship curve between total impedance ZT and frequency from 25Hz to 2kHz 25
Figure 12 Dry conditions, current path from hand to hand or hand to foot, large contact surface area, when the contact voltage is 10V~1000V,
The relationship curve between the total impedance ZT of the human body measured by a living person and the frequency from 50Hz to 150kHz25
Figure 13 Dry conditions, current path is hand to hand, large contact surface area, 50Hz/60Hz AC and DC contact voltage to
At 700V, the statistical value measured by the total impedance ZT and total resistance RT of 50% of the measured objects in living people 26
Fig. 14 Relationship curve between human skin condition and current density IT and current duration 26
Fig. 15 Electrode 27 for measuring the relation curve between body impedance ZT and contact surface area
Figure 16 Dry conditions, current path is hand to hand, large contact surface area measured AC touch voltage UT and touch current IT
The oscillogram of 28
Figure 17 Ventricles during a heartbeatFigure 29
Figure 18 Triggering of ventricular fibrillation in the vulnerable phase – effects on electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure 29
Figure 19 Data of ventricular fibrillation in dogs, pigs and sheep taken from experiments; AC contact voltages are 220V and 380V, human
Total impedance ZT (5%), the current path is the hand-to-hand lateral flow direction of electrical accident statistics of human ventricular fibrillation
dynamic data 30
Figure 20 The current path is the agreed time/current area of the human effect of the alternating current (15Hz~100Hz) from the left hand to the feet
(See Table 11 for description) 31
Figure 21 Dry conditions, current path from hand to hand, large contact surface area, touch voltage UT and touch current IT with respect to DC
The oscillogram of 31
Figure 22 The current path is the agreed time/current area of the human effect of the vertical upward direct current (see Table 13 for description) 32
Figure 23 Breakaway current of 60Hz sinusoidal current 32
Figure 24 Effect of direct current on anode and cathode 33
Figure 25 DC voltage pulses stimulate cells of a single heart34
Figure G.1 Shock in Hart's [33] electrical model including startle response effects 44
Figure H.1 Current and impedance for the path of current through the relevant parts of the cow's body from the nose to the legs47
Figure H.2 Animal impedance of the current path from the nose to the limbs (path A) and from the front leg to the hind leg (path B) Figure 47
Figure H.3 The total body impedance map of cattle, accounting for 5% of the total number 49
Figure H.4 Ventricular fibrillation in sheep51
Figure H.5 The relationship between the minimum tremor current and the weight of sheep, the duration of electric shock is 3s [55] 52
Figure H.6 The relationship between the minimum tremor current (average value) and the weight of various livestock, the duration of the electric shock is 3s [53] 52
Table 1 Dry conditions, large contact surface area, 50Hz/60Hz AC current path is the total human body impedance ZT 5 from hand to hand
Table 2 Water wet conditions, large contact surface area, 50Hz/60Hz AC current path is the total human body impedance ZT 6 from hand to hand
Table 3 Salt water wet conditions, large contact surface area, 50Hz/60Hz AC current path is the total human body impedance ZT 7 from hand to hand
Table 4 dry conditions, medium contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
The total human body impedance ZT of 25V~200V (rounded to 25Ω) 8
Table 5 Water wet conditions, medium contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
The total human body impedance ZT of 25V~200V (rounded to 25Ω) 8
Table 6 Saline wet conditions, medium contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
25V~200V total human body impedance ZT (rounded to 5Ω value) 9
Table 7 dry conditions, small contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
The total human body impedance ZT of 25V~200V (rounded to 25Ω) 9
Table 8 Water wet conditions, small contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
The total human body impedance ZT of 25V~200V (rounded to 25Ω) 9
Table 9 Saline wet conditions, small contact surface area, current path is hand to hand, 50Hz/60Hz AC contact voltage UT is
The total human body impedance ZT of 25V~200V (rounded to 5Ω) 10
Table 10 dry conditions, large contact surface area, direct current path is the total human body resistance RT 11 from hand to hand
Table 11 Path from one hand to both feet, AC 15Hz~100Hz time/current area (brief description of the area in Figure 20) 13
Table 12 Cardiac current coefficient F 14 in different current paths
Table 13 DC --- time/current area of the hand-to-feet pathway (brief description of the area in Figure 22) 16
Table A.1 dry conditions, type A electrode, coefficient of variation FD (5% and 95%) and total body impedance ZT 35
Table A.2 Dry, water-humid and saline-humid conditions, type B electrodes, coefficient of variation FD (5% and 95%) and total body impedance ZT 35
Table A.3 Dry, water-humid and saline-humid conditions, the total body impedance ZT of the variation coefficient FD (5% and 95%) 35
Table A.4 Large, medium and small contact surface area, dry and wet conditions, contact voltage UT 25V ~ 400V bias
Difference coefficient FD(5%) and FD(95%) 36
Table D.1 Dry conditions, current path from hands to feet, hands have a medium contact surface area, feet have a large contact surface area, reduce
Coefficient 0.8, 50% of the measured object's total body impedance value and the electrophysiological effect of the contact current IT 41
Table G.1 Example of body impedance (uncompensated) 45
Table H.1 AC voltage up to 230V, 50Hz/60Hz, impedance (resistance) of hooves (Zh, Rh) 48
Table H.2 AC 50Hz/60Hz, contact voltage up to 230V, total body impedance (ZT) of cattle 48
Table H.3 Cattle body initial impedance (R0) 49
Table H.4 For different kinds of domestic animals, the ventricular fibrillation threshold at AC 50Hz/60Hz [53], [54] with a shock duration of 3s51
foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules for Standardization Documents"
drafting.
This document is part 1 of GB/T 13870 "Effects of Electric Current on Humans and Domestic Animals". GB/T 13870 has issued the following parts.
--- Part 1.General part;
--- Part 2.Special circumstances;
--- Part 4.Lightning strike effects;
--- Part 5.Physiological effects of contact voltage threshold.
This document replaces GB/T 13870.1-2008 "Effects of Electric Current on Humans and Domestic Animals Part 1.General Part" and GB/T 13870.3-2003
"Effects of Electric Currents on Man and Domestic Animals Part 3.Effects of Current Passing Through the Carcass of Domestic Animals". This document is based on GB/T 13870.1-2008
Mainly, it integrates the content in GB/T 13870.3-2003.Compared with GB/T 13870.1-2008, except for structural adjustment and editorial changes
In addition, the main technical changes are as follows.
--- Increase the applicable range of the overall impedance, and extend the applicable range of the overall impedance to the frequency range of 150kHz (see 4.6.4, Fig.
12);
--- Increase the effect of direct current on the anode and cathode, and clarify the difference between the anode and cathode DC pulses (see 6.8);
---Increase the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and extend the single pulse ventricular fibrillation threshold to 1μs pulse width (see appendix
E);
--- Added GB/T 13870.3-2003 special content on the somatic effect of current passing through domestic animals, which has been included in the normative
Appendix H (see Appendix H).
This document identically adopts IEC 60479-1.2018 "Effects of electric current on humans and domestic animals - Part 1.General part".
Please note that some contents of this document may refer to patents. The issuing agency of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and managed by the National Building Electrical Installation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC205).
This document is drafted by. China Machinery & Electronics Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Xingdian International Engineering Management Co., Ltd., Yuyao Jiarong Electric Co., Ltd.
Zi Electric Co., Ltd., Schneider Electric (China) Co., Ltd., Siemens (China) Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document. Chen Tong, Wang Dianguang, Hu Jianping, Qian Jiacan, Tang Ying, Hu Hongyu, Yang Hongfeng, Zhen Zhuo.
The release status of previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
---First published as GB/T 13870.1-1992 in.1992, first revised in.2008;
---First published as GB/T 13870.3-2003 in.2003;
--- This is the second revision.
Introduction
GB/T 13870 aims to provide the effect of electric current on people and domestic animals, and is used to formulate electrical safety requirements. It is proposed to consist of the following parts.
--- Part 1.General part. The purpose is to provide basic guidance on the effects of electrical currents on humans and domestic animals.
--- Part 2.Special circumstances. The purpose is to illustrate the effect of sinusoidal alternating current with a frequency above 100 Hz passing through the human body.
--- Part 4.Lightning effects. The purpose is to describe the basic parameters and variability of lightning effects on humans and domestic animals.
--- Part 5.Physiological effects of contact voltage threshold. The purpose is to understand the current threshold of body impedance and physiological effects in part 1
Values are analyzed to provide a contact voltage-duration combined threshold curve.
In order to avoid errors in the interpretation of this document, it must be emphasized that the data presented are mainly based on experiments on animals and
and data obtained from clinical observations. Only a few experiments with short-duration shock currents have been performed on living humans.
Due to the conservative nature of data obtained from animal studies, this document is intended for use in normal physiological conditions, including children.
Applicable regardless of age and weight.
However, there are other aspects to be considered, such as probability of failure, probability of contact with live or faulty parts, contact voltage and failure
Voltage ratios, experience gained, technical feasibility and economics. These parameters need to be carefully considered when determining safety requirements, e.g. electrical
Operating characteristics of protective devices within the installation.
This document summarizes the results achieved so far, and these results are being used by the IEC TC64 technical committee to develop the protection against electric shock.
basis for protection requirements. Considering the importance of these results, there are good reasons for making this an IEC publication so that the need for such information
Other IEC committees and countries can use it as a guide.
This document applies to ventricular fibrillation thresholds in which death is primarily caused by electrical currents. Recent studies on cardiac physiology and fibrillation threshold
Analysis of the results of the work yielded the possibility to better understand the influence of the main physical parameters, especially the duration of current flow.
This document contains information on various physiological effects of body impedance and body current thresholds that can be combined for reference in
The path of current passing through the human body, the wet conditions of contact and the contact area of the skin, etc., are used to evaluate the AC and DC contact voltage thresholds.
This document is more applicable to the effects of electric currents. In the assessment of harmful effects on humans and domestic animals, other non-electrical phenomena, including falling
Collapse, heat generation, fire or other phenomena are to be considered. These issues are beyond the scope of this document, but in their own right can be extremely important
need.
Further experimental data are currently being considered, such as the recently ongoing "Currently induced ventricular fibrillation with discrete Fourier spectroscopy excitation".
Dimensional dithering" experimental work aimed at providing frequency coefficient data.
The impedance characteristics of livestock carcasses and the effects of sinusoidal alternating currents are described in Appendix H.
Effects of electric current on man and domestic animals
Part 1.General part
1 Scope
This document provides basic guidance on the effects of electrical currents on humans and domestic animals.
For a given current path through the human body, the danger to the person depends mainly on the value of the current and the duration of the current. But when
In many cases, the time/current regions specified in the following clauses are not actually directly used in the design of electric shock protection. must be time-based
The allowable limit value of the contact voltage of the function (that is, the product of the current passing through the human body and the impedance of the human body) is used as the criterion. Due to the impedance of the human body
The touch voltage varies. Therefore, the relationship between current and voltage is not linear, so the relationship data needs to be given. different parts of human body like skin
The resistive and capacitive components of electrical current presented by skin, blood, muscle, other tissues, and joints make up the body impedance.
The value of the impedance of the human body depends on several factors, in particular the path of the current, the contact voltage, the duration and frequency of the current, the degree of skin moisture, etc.
degree, contact surface area, applied pressure and temperature.
The impedance values listed in this document are the result of careful review of data obtained primarily from cadavers and a few living humans.
The effect of alternating current on the human body is basically based on the effect of alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is the most commonly used in electrical devices.
The relevant research results are based, but the data given are considered to be applicable to the frequency range of 15Hz~100Hz, at the beginning of this range
The frequency threshold is higher than the 50 Hz or 60 Hz threshold, mainly to consider the risk of ventricular fibrillation, which is the risk of fatal accidents
main mechanism.
Judging from the number of DC applications, DC accidents are much less than expected, only in its very unfavorable situations, such as in
Fatal accidents only occur in mines; this is partly due to the ease with which dc-charged bodies are caught and
During the cycle, the ventricular fibrillation threshold is much higher with DC current than with AC current.
This basic safety publication is mainly intended for use by technical committees in accordance with the principles specified in IEC Guide 104 and ISO /IEC Guide 51
used in the preparation of standards. It does not apply to manufacturers or notified bodies.
Where applicable, it is the responsibility of the technical committees to use essential safety publications in the preparation of publications. unless explicitly mentioned
Or contained in related publications, otherwise the requirements of the basic safety publications, test methods or test conditions will not apply.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, dated references
For documents, only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to
this document.
IEC Guide104.2010 Safety publication formulation and use of basic safety publications and classified safety publications (Theprepa-
ISO /IEC Guide51.2014 Guidelines for writing safety aspects including safety factors (Safetyaspects-Guide
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for standardization and are available at the following addresses.
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