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GB 21749-2008 English PDF

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GB 21749-2008: Safety requirement for the educational equipment -- Vitreous equipment and attachments
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GB 21749-2008English739 Add to Cart 6 days [Need to translate] Safety requirement for the educational equipment -- Vitreous equipment and attachments Valid GB 21749-2008

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Standard similar to GB 21749-2008

JY/T 0587   GB 21027   GB/T 37624   GB 21748   GB/T 21747   GB 21746   

Basic data

Standard ID GB 21749-2008 (GB21749-2008)
Description (Translated English) Safety requirement for the educational equipment -- Vitreous equipment and attachments
Sector / Industry National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard Y51
Classification of International Standard 03.180
Word Count Estimation 32,348
Date of Issue 2008-05-05
Date of Implementation 2008-08-01
Quoted Standard GB/T 601; GB/T 603; GB/T 1408.1; GB/T 4545; GB/T 4547; GB/T 5137.1-2002; GB/T 6552-1986; GB/T 6580-1997; GB/T 6582-1997; GB/T 10701; GB/T 12806-1991; GB/T 15726; GB/T 15728-1995; GB/T 16920; GB/T 18144-2000
Regulation (derived from) Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 7 of 2008 (No. 120 overall)
Issuing agency(ies) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary This Chinese standard specifies the glass as the main material of teaching equipment and connecting parts of the safety requirements and the use of safety requirements. This standard applies to schools using glass as the main material of teaching equipment and connecting parts. This standard relates only to glassware and connecting components without involving other security features, such as design and safety than other features. This standard does not apply to medical institutions glass medical devices.

GB 21749-2008: Safety requirement for the educational equipment -- Vitreous equipment and attachments


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Safety requirement for the educational equipment.Vitreous equipment and attachments ICS 03.180 Y51 National Standards of People's Republic of China Teaching Equipment Safety Requirements Glassware and connecting member Published 2008-05-05 2008-08-01 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China issued

Table of Contents

Introduction Ⅲ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 Terms and definitions 1 3 4 Mechanical Safety Requirements 4.1 Mechanical strength 2 The minimum wall thickness of the glass container 2 4.2 Internal stress of 4.3 Linear thermal expansion coefficient of 4.4 glassware 3 4.5 glassware surface defect 3 4.6 Mechanical damage protection 3 4.7 glass to metal seal 3 Device 4.8 children play aids in the glass material 3 4 4.9 Thermal stability Chemical stability 4 5 A safe distance from the electrode 6 4 7 connecting member 4 7.1 Interface 4 7.2 Connecting member 6 8 Use your safety 7 Tensile strength Annex A (normative) glass material, and a bending strength test method for compressive 8 Annex B (normative) Electronic anti glass stability test chemical methods of water 10 Annex C (normative) Test Method 12 glass breakdown strength Annex D (normative) and data series of 14 standard linker frosted Annex E (normative) form a glass valve 17 Appendix F (Normative Appendix) glassware commonly used security considerations 18 Annex G (normative) glassware using certain safety precautions 21 Reference 28

Foreword

This standard Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 are mandatory, others are recommended. This standard appendix A, to Appendix B, appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix F., Appendix G are normative, Appendix E is an information appendix. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Standardization Technical Committee of teaching equipment. This standard was drafted. Zhejiang Educational Equipment and work-study program management center. The main drafters. Ren Weide. Teaching Equipment Safety Requirements Glassware and connecting member Range 1 This standard specifies the requirements of safety equipment and the connecting member to a glass whose main material is used for teaching and safety requirements. This standard applies to the connecting member teaching equipment and glass as the main material used in schools. This standard relates only glassware and Connection security member without involving other characteristics, such as characteristics than other patterns and security. This standard does not apply to medical institutions Glass medical equipment.

2 Normative references

Terms of the following documents cited by this standard and become provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent All amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to agreements based on this standard To study whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard. Preparation GB/T 601 standard titration solution Chemicals GB/T 603 Test Methods Chemicals The Preparations used Frequency under test. GB/T 1408.1 electric strength test method of insulating materials - Part 1 The GB/T 4545 glass containers Stress Test Method GB/T 4547 glass vessel thermal shock resistance and thermal shock durability test method Part 1 GB/T 5137.1-2002 Standard Test Method for Automotive Safety Glass. Mechanical performance test GB/T 6552-1986 glass containers mechanical impact test method GB/T 6580-1997 boiling mixed alkali-resistant glass to attack by an aqueous solution of test methods and classification GB/T 6582-1997 glass particles 98 ℃ water resistance test method and grading GB/T 10701 Shi Ying glass thermal stability test method (neq ISO 718. 1982) GB/T 12806-1991 laboratory glassware flask single reticle The GB/T 15726 glassware stress test method GB/T 15728-1995 resistant glass boiling hydrochloric acid etching of weight Test method and classification Determination GB/T 16920 coefficient of thermal expansion of glass average (eqv ISO 7991. 1987) GB/T 18144-2000 Glass Stress Test Method

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Insulating material connecting two straight line from the charging member. 3.2 Common glassware mainly used in teaching experiments and fine glassware. 3.3 On the other teaching equipment machinery, and electronics to glass as a material components. 3.4 Glass equipment and for connecting the interface as glassware, glass as a material of parts (appendix).

4 Mechanical safety requirements

4.1 Mechanical strength 4.1.1 can be affected by mechanical impact on the components of glass containers and glass containers class teaching equipment, should be resistant to not less than Mechanical shock, according to the test methods 0.6J GB/T 6552-1986 of provisions. 4.1.2 respond glass parts on the teaching load equipment suffered a comprehensive analysis, the total value of the stress suffered by the glass, with the kind of glass Comparing design stress and mechanical strength, long-term load, stress should be designed to the actual stress 6 to 10 times. Tensile strength of the glass material, the flexural strength, compressive strength and impact strength (glass) test method Annex A (normative). 4.1.3 Glass teaching equipment parts on the surface contact should be fixed using mounting, and should make the glass uniform force components, to avoid point contact, To avoid over stressing the glass components of the design. The site should be sealed using a flexible sealant installation, the edges of the cover glass It is not damaged. 4.1.4 glassware should withstand the pressure of a predetermined environmental conditions, to avoid moisture. When in use can not be avoided when wet, design strength It should be increased 3 to 4 times. 4.1.5 withstand the pressure of glassware shall specify the number of multiplexing. The minimum wall thickness of the glass container 4.2 When producing a vacuum within the pressure vessel and the device, the wall thickness of glass containers should meet the formula (1). S = PDn2E (1) Where. S --- glass container wall thickness in millimeters (mm); P --- maximum allowed pressure, in units of Pa (Pa); --- DN id glass container in millimeters (mm); E --- tensile strength, take (6 ~ 10) × E0, E0 is the value of tensile strength test of long-term load, according to the formula A. 1. Stress 4.3 Stress birefringent optical path difference 4.3.1 laboratory glassware, generally not greater than 120nm/cm, the maximum should not exceed 180nm/cm. 4.3.2 internal stress of the glass components on the instrument teaching, the maximum withstand the pressure member should not exceed 80nm/cm (birefringent optical path difference, the The same), the non-member under pressure, the maximum should not exceed 120nm/cm, gauges (except burette) should not exceed 100nm/cm. Teaching equipment in all kinds of glass in Table 1 allowable stress. Table 1 various teaching instrument allowable stress of glass Glass types Allowable stress (indicated by an optical path difference) / nm/cm The optical glass fine annealing 2-5 10 to 30 thick optical glass annealing The mirror glass 20 Plate glass 20 to 95 The mirror glass 30 to 40 The glass tube 120 Filling glass bottles 50 to 180 Note. The table does not refer to an optical glass optical instruments. 4.3.3 Test Method stress annealing the glassware by GB/T 15726, the stress testing of glass containers according to GB 4545. 4.3.4 tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, and chemically tempered glass stress test according to GB/T 4.1 (the surface stress 18144-2000 test). 4.3.5 expansion coefficient difference between the larger of the two (typically when 6.0 × 10-6/℃ or more) of the sealing glass, should be considered to adopt a Or more sealing glass transition, and finally the two kinds of glass sealed expansion coefficient close together. 4.3.6 finished glass article after processing, should be annealed. After the thin wall thickness and a large diameter glass tube (capillary) docking, should Simple annealing immediately. 4.3.7 Sandwich Joints in a large area (including an annular fitting) a sealing portion should be fully blow. Sealing the plurality of large diameter single flat joints, or from Near the glass article from the plurality of annular joint, a joint after the annealing treatment should be completed, and then sealing the second head. Linear thermal expansion coefficient of 4.4 glassware 4.4.1 required instruments and fire the heated glass parts linear thermal expansion coefficient in the range of 20 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ should be less than 3.4 × 106/℃. 4.4.2 glassware linear thermal expansion coefficient of greater than 6.0 × 10-6/℃ not heated. Linear thermal expansion coefficient was measured according to 4.4.3 glassware GB/T 16920. Glassware surface defect 4.5 4.5.1 glassware or parts shall have the following defects. a) cracks (with refraction), the surface loss collapse gap, rub hair, severe abrasions; b) bubbles (of a diameter greater than 6mm diameter of 1mm or more than 3 ~ 6mm, the diameter of 1mm or less can see More than 5 per cm), thin-skinned, dense gas lines, stones, paraganglioma, water streaks, straight ridge line, of iron; c) the constriction, crooked neck, shoulders collapsed, raised bottom, wrinkles, pocket mouth, glass drops, flash, white printing, glass, iron, stick mark, sticky material printing, mold printing, touch Stamping, water spots printed, printing scissors, rust and other defects; d) Matte printing device has a spot defects and grit; e) weathered surface (small spots, becomes loose, hairy, devitrification) of. 4.5.2 under pressure or hot flame directly on the glass instruments should be individually packaged with a soft liner material, to gently transport. NOTE. glassware under pressure means should be inflated at the time of the experiment, suction pressure, or subjected to other glassware, glass component or on the instrument. 4.6 Mechanical damage protection 4.6.1 glass panel on teaching equipment, wire size glass window above 200mm, the glass tubes and other components should be considered to break people Body damage caused, and to take security measures. 4.6.2 end of the catheter to be treated through a glass round mouth. 4.7 glass to metal seal 4.7.1 sealing, thermal expansion coefficient of glass and metal generally should not differ by more than 10%. 4.7.2 when the sealing glass to metal seal as far as possible match (e.g., tungsten and tungsten glass group, the group of molybdenum and molybdenum, glass, etc.). 4.7.3 When the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the glass and metal is large, the metal should have good ductility and plastic (e.g., soft metal or The thin shape made of metal), the mechanical seal can be employed. When the part without the sealing temperature, sealing metal solder may be employed. 4.7.4 sealing, the metal should be cleaned after or burning hydrogen degassing treatment. 4.7.5 After sealing, the sealing member should be annealed. 4.8 children play aids in the use of glass as a material of the device 4.8.1 play aids children alone should try not to use glass material. 4.8.2 When the function required, must be used in the glass material components, should be a reliable protection measures (e.g., additional plastic protective cover glass A soft glass material as a buffer device, etc.). After precautions should be possible to increase the strength to prevent broken glass, broken glass and case, cullet Enclosed in a shroud, and the structure is to be detached from children. 4.8.3 When playing device aids in the glass, should indicate the position of protective measures in the specification means a glass, and damage Precautions After allowing the replacement parts specifications. 4.9 Thermal Stability 4.9.1 In a low soda lime glass and borosilicate glass glassware material shall GB/T 4547 for the thermal shock resistance test, the number of fracture until To a predetermined percentage. Predetermined percentage is determined by the product standards. 4.9.2 Shi Ying glass and its products should GB/T 10701 as a heat stability test.

5 chemical stability

Usually the inner surface of the water resistance of 5.1 bottles, vials, ampoules, flasks, beakers, test tubes and other glass containers should meet GB/T 6582-1997 level of HGB 1, grade of no greater than HGB 2 When using soda lime glass. Test method according to GB/T 6582. 5.2 water resistance of glass by electron Annex B (normative). 5.3 glassware acid resistance not lower than GB/T H2 15728-1995 stage, the test method according to GB/T 15728. Class A1, alkali resistance test method 5.4 of glassware should be not less than GB/T 6580-1997 according to GB/T 6580.

6 electrodes safe distance

6.1 10kV withstand high pressure glassware or more members, the distance Dd between the electrodes is not less than (3) Where. The U---- withstand voltage in kilovolts (kV); ED --- breakdown strength glass kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm); --- k factor. When the glass is subjected to a uniform electric field (actually difficult to achieve), k preferably 1.5 to 2.0, when the glass is subjected to a non-uniform electric field, preferably 4.0 ~ k 5.0. K of the above range, the upper limit should generally be taken or the intermediate value, only when the limit of the desirable size limit. If you do not take the lower limit after When designed to meet the requirements, they should replace the glass material, the selected material having a higher Ed. 6.2 breakdown strength test according to Annex C (normative), the test device according to GB/T 1408.1.

7 connecting member

7.1 Interface 7.1.1 Specifications Teaching glassware should be connected using standard interfaces matte. Standard matte tapered and ball joints and the data series according to Annex D (normative). 7.1.2 standard taper joint frosted Table large end diameter D1 7.1.2.1 series standard frosted conical fitting. 7.1.2.2 frosted 1.10 taper cone, the cone angle corresponding to α = 5 ° 43'29 "± 122", the inclination is 2 ° 51'45 "± 62", shown in Figure 1. Small end diameter (4) is calculated according to the formula. (4) Where. D --- matte linker the larger diameter of the cone in millimeters (mm); H --- axial length of the cone, see equation (5), in millimeters (mm). H = Kc D Sang 1 (5) Where. H --- cone axial length, in mm; D --- matte linker cone large end diameter in mm; --- constants KC, respectively, the composition of Table D. 1 in four series (ie K2, K4, K6, K8). FIG tapered joint standard frosted 7.1.2.3 matte surface roughness (R Rao) should not exceed 1μm. 7.1.2.4 adhesiveness when not greased Test apparatus shown in Figure 2. The piston shutting off the exhaust means when the pressure of 50kPa, the first pressure gauge readings recorded 1min, another After 5min record second pressure gauge, so that the device returned to atmospheric pressure, taken joint, rotated 90 ° redo the above test. Secondary record The pressure difference should be less than 1.3kPa. FIG 2 scrub adhesion test joint means 7.1.3 Standard frosted ball joints 7.1.3.1 standard nominal diameter of the spherical joint is 7,13,19,29,35,41,51,64,76,102 frosted (in mm), as the structure Figure D. 1. 7.1.3.2 matte surface roughness (R Rao) should not exceed 1μm. 7.1.3.3 adhesiveness when not greased Test apparatus shown in Figure 2. The piston shutting off the exhaust means when the pressure of 50kPa, the first pressure gauge readings recorded 1min, another After 1min the second recording pressure gauge, and then returned to atmospheric pressure of the device, taken joint, rotated 90 ° redo the above test. Secondary record Pressure differential recorded. for S13 and S13 is less than the size should be no greater than 0.93kPa, specifications of S19 and S19 is greater than not greater than 2.0kPa. 7.2 Connecting member 7.2.1 Glass valve 7.2.1.1 piston valve using standard glass frosted tapered plug, 1.10 taper, according to claim 7.1. 7.2.1.2 glass bulb of material (glass-containing single-use valve and laboratory glassware containing glass valve) should be used borosilicate Glass 3.3. 7.2.1.3 adhesiveness when not greased Test apparatus shown in Figure 3. Close the valve means when the pressure of 50kPa, the first pressure gauge readings recorded 1min, another After 1min the second recording pressure gauge, and then returned to atmospheric pressure of the device, taken joint, rotated 180 ° redo the above test. Secondary record The pressure difference between the recording should not exceed 0.93kPa. FIG valve tightness testing device 3 7.2.1.4 form glass bulb See Annex E (normative). 7.2.2 conduit member 7.2.2.1 manufacturing dimensions Manufacturing a glass valve manifold, adjustable joints, couplings and glass pipe, the outer diameter of coefficients shall follow desired size, in millimeters. Numeral system. 5,6,7.1,8,9,10,11.2,12.5,14,16,18,20,22.4,25,28,31.5,35.5, 40. Wall thickness. diameter is 8mm or less, a wall thickness of 1mm, the outer diameter is 8mm or more, the wall thickness not less than 1.5mm. 7.2.2.2 Selection of the size of the connection Glass tube with the dimension of a branch valve, adjustable joints, couplings and conduits rubber glass tube, the glass tube should be branched valves, reducers, Glass outer diameter than the inner diameter of the catheter about the large rubber tube 1mm. 7.2.2.3 connection with the rubber stopper 7.2.2.3.1 catheter or other glass when the glass member and the rubber plug connector, the rubber stopper should pore diameter 1mm than the outer diameter of the glass tube smaller. 7.2.2.3.2 connection requirements. --- hole rubber stopper and the rubber stopper should be parallel to the axis, the edge of the hole rubber stopper should be able to enclose the glass tube; --- When the portion of the rear rubber plug is inserted into a glass tube, into the mouth of the glassware glassware on the rubber buffer when the rubber plug to be 1/3 ~ Within 2/3 range.

8 Use safety matters

8.1 laboratory glassware commonly used security matters in accordance with Appendix F (Normative Appendix). 8.2 laboratory glassware to use some security issues in accordance with Annex G (normative).

Appendix A

(Normative) Tensile strength of the glass material, bending strength and compressive strength test method A. 1 Tensile strength test A. 1.1 Sample Using cylindrical test bars A. FIG. 1. Less than 10 per sample. Figure A. 1 Test Tensile strength test bars with cylindrical glass A. 1.2 Testing Machine Using a universal tester. The maximum stress is 34MPa, the stress calculation accuracy is 0.049MPa. Automatic heavy weights 5kg. The solid sample Set on the sample machine. Automatic weight along the lever to move load applied on the sample. Weight automatically stopped after destruction of the sample in the indexing plate, the pointer points Illustrates destruction of the sample load. A. 1.3 Test results calculated Glass anti tensile strength is calculated as. E0 = FS-S1 × 102 (A.1) Where. --- E0 tensile strength of the glass sample in units of megapascals (MPa); Load when the sample breaks --- F. Newtons (N); S --- total area of a cross-section of the sample, in units of square centimeters (cm2); The area of the smooth portion of the fracture surface Sl --- sample, in units of square centimeters (cm2). Error Test results should be within 15% to 20%. Test report shall include a sample characteristic, journal diameter, breaking load, the smooth portion of the cross-section area of the sample, the tensile strength, the relative error. A. Flexural strength test 2 A. 2.1 Sample A. 2.1.1 sample specimen cut from the sheet. Two successive longitudinal cut, to be on the same surface of the original. Any one of the original sheet side are It can not serve as the longitudinal edges of the sample. 30 once or more samples cut from different parts of the board or a few boards. Of which 50% Direction of the sample cut perpendicular to the cutting direction and the other 50% of the sample. Samples should be cut from the original glass plate before tempering, the rounded edges of the longitudinal sides of the plate. Directional parallel to the longitudinal grinding or polishing, arc radius no greater than 1.6mm. A. 2.1.2 sample length 250mm, width variation ± 3.2mm 38.1mm, width and thickness itself not exceeding 5%. After careful examination, Excluding defective samples. A. 2.1.3 Sample rectangular cross section, the center of the sample is not greater than 1.38MPa tensile stress, the surface compressive stress of no greater than 0.92 MPa; bar The apparent cross section of the central axis of the tensile stress of the specimen is not greater than 0.92MPa, the surface of the axial compressive stress was observed not more than 2.76MPa. At least 30% of the residual stress of the samples after annealing checking, if there does not meet the requirements of these samples, the remaining samples Also check. A. 2.2 Test apparatus According to the JB5890-1991 6.5.1. A. 2.3 Test Method By JB5890-1991 in 6.5.2. Test environment temperature ± 2 ℃ 23 ℃, relative humidity of 40% ± 4%. A. 2.4 Calculation results By JB5890-1991 in 6.5.3. Test Method The test report shall include, classes and special characteristics of the samples treated, the test environment, the rate of increase of maximum stress, of each test Fracture, break is marked on the side or surface, average value and standard deviation of bending strength. A. 3 compressive strength A. 3.1 Sample Side length of 4mm - 5mm cube, or higher, and a diameter of about 5mm cylinder, it can also be a thickness of 2mm ~ 3mm, side length Square sheets of 4mm. Similar tests of not less than 10. Annealing to the sample well, and there are strictly parallel and finely polished surface. A. 3.2 Testing Machine 5t ~ 10t presses, there must be a uniform compressive stress, and perpendicular to the pressing surface. Using uniform loading rate, loading speed is 0.98MPa/s ~ 2.94MPa/s. A. 3.3 Calculation results The compressive strength formula is. P = FS × 10 2 (A.2) Where. P --- compressive strength of glass, in megapascals (MPa); --- F. Breaking load in Newtons (N); --- sectional area S of the sample, in units of square centimeters (cm2). The test report shall include the shape and dimensions of the specimen cross-sectional area, breaking load, the compressive strength, the relative error. A. 4 impact strength A. 4.1 Non-tempered glass is not subjected to this test. A. 4.2 227g steel ball test according to GB/T 5137.1-2002 in Chapter 5. A. 4.3 sample was 300 + 10-0 mm square glass 12, the thickness of the standard tolerances of parts. Sample surface should be smooth, curved Curvature not greater than 0.3%, through fine trimmed edges. Each sample should be labeled center point, but not destroy the properties of the sample. Before the test to It should be placed at least at room temperature for 4h. Test report shall include the specimen sampling method, the number of samples of glass type, drop height.

Appendix B

(Normative) Electronic anti-glass chemical stability Test Method for Water B. 1 Method summary The sample of particles having certain specifications was heated at 98 deg.] C at a certain time in distilled water, and then the upper aqueous solution with a hydrochloric acid standard After the glass droplet set precipitated alkali hydrolysis. Depending on the amount in terms of volume or hydrochloric acid to the precipitated sodium oxide, water resistance of glass is determined chemically stable Hydrolysis qualitative level. B. 2 test equipment B. 2.1 Analytical balance, a sense of the amount of 0.002g. B. 2.2 microburette, 5mL, dividing the value of 0.02mL; 2mL, division value 0.01mL. B. 2.3 volumetric flask, 50 mL, such as a new line should be before use flask filled to the mark with water and heated in a boiling water bath for 60min. And repeating at Li three times. B. 2.4 Erlenmeyer flask, 100mL. B. 2.5 pipette, 25mL. B. 2.6 water bath. B. 2.7 Carbide mortar. B. 2.8 Sieve wire, 0.5mm aperture and 0.3mm. B. 2.9 thermometer, 0 ℃ ~ 100 ℃. B. 2.10 weighing bottle. B. 2.11 cup, 50mL. B. 3 reagents B. 3.1 distilled water, doubly distilled water or deionized water, prior to use boiled 15min, carbon dioxide removal, in 25mL water and add 2 drops of methane After the base red indicator should appear orange-red. B. Standard 3.2 hydrochloric acid, 0.01mol/L, with reference to GB/...

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