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DBT71-2018 English PDF

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DBT71-2018: (Active fault exploration)
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Basic data

Standard ID DB/T 71-2018 (DB/T71-2018)
Description (Translated English) (Active fault exploration)
Sector / Industry Chinese Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard P15
Word Count Estimation 22,227
Date of Issue 2018-12-26
Date of Implementation 2019-03-01
Regulation (derived from) China Earthquake Administration Announcement (2018.12.26)
Issuing agency(ies) China Earthquake Administration

DBT71-2018: (Active fault exploration)

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Active fault exploration) ICS 91.120.25P15 People's Republic of China Earthquake Industry Standard DB/T 71-2018 Active fault exploration 2018-12-26 released Implementation of 19-03-01 Issued by China Earthquake Administration

Table of contents

Preface Ⅲ Introduction Ⅳ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3.Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 1 4 Basic regulations 2 5 Work process 3 6 Technical preparation 5 7 Measurement implementation 5 8 Data processing 8 9 Drawing 10 10 Acceptance of documents and submission of results 11 Appendix A (informative appendix) 12 examples of drawings used in measurement data processing and quality inspection Reference 17

Foreword

This standard is one of the series of standards "Active Fault Exploration". The structure and name of this series of standards are expected to be as follows. ---Remote sensing survey for active fault detection (DB/T 69-2017); ---Active fault exploration field geological survey; ---Active fault exploration and faulty geomorphological survey; ---Active fault exploration, ancient seismic trough exploration; ---Active fault exploration and drilling; ---Dating test of active fault exploration; ---Active fault exploration and seismic exploration; ---Activity identification of active fault exploration; ---Evaluation of seismic hazard of active fault exploration; ---Graphic symbols for active fault exploration; ---Active fault exploration database; ---Active fault exploration database quality inspection; ---Active fault exploration 1.25,000 seismic structure map compilation; ---Report on the results of active fault exploration; --- 1.5000 active fault mapping (DB/T 53-2013); --- 1.5000 active fault mapping database specification (DB/T 65-2016); This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1.Standard Structure and Compilation". This standard was proposed by the China Earthquake Administration. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Earthquake Disaster Prevention Standardization Technical Committee. Drafting organizations of this standard. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Institute of Crustal Stress, China Earthquake Administration, China The First Monitoring Center of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration The main drafters of this standard. He Honglin, Wei Zhanyu, Li Yishi, Zhang Shimin, Xu Yueren, Chen Changyun, Ren Junjie, Shi Feng, Li An. National Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center; Zip Code. 100029), and indicate the contact information. DB/T 71-2018

Introduction

Numerous site surveys of major earthquakes at home and abroad and analysis of their disaster phenomena show that active faults are the source of earthquakes and also earthquake disasters. The culprit. Finding out the exact location of seismically active faults and making scientific evaluations of their attributes and seismic hazards is an earthquake disaster risk assessment And the important basic work of earthquake disaster prevention. Since the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, my country has gradually promoted the detection of active faults. Great progress has been made in engineering technology, and a certain amount of practical experience has been accumulated. The results are in urban planning, land use, engineering construction, and Earthquake science research and other fields have played an important role. In recent years, the seismic department has organized and carried out active fault detection technology to sort out the work process, work content and work results. This framework. In order to standardize and guide our country’s active fault detection work and its application, the GB/T 3602-2018 "Active Fault Layer detection", the standard provides technical requirements for active fault detection in terms of work content, workflow, technical methods, data management, and outcome output. The requirements are stipulated. On this basis, further evaluation and analysis of various technical methods to achieve detection purposes are carried out to clarify their technical indicators and Data collection requirements and a standard framework for active fault detection have been constructed. The faulty geomorphology survey is the technical method to obtain the kinematic parameters of the active fault as stipulated in GB/T 3602-2018 "Active Fault Detection" One is to identify the latest active era of active faults and determine the active parameters and plane distribution of the faults. One. Duancuo geomorphology has various types and complex shapes. Therefore, Duancuo geomorphology has special measurement objectives and technical requirements. For the norm This standard is specially formulated for appearance measurement work. DB/T 71-2018 Active fault exploration

1 scope

This standard specifies the work flow, technical preparation, measurement implementation, data processing, mapping, data acceptance and results improvement of faulty geomorphology measurement. Technical requirements for delivery and other links. This standard is applicable to faulty areas in active fault detection and mapping, activity identification, seismic scientific investigation and seismic risk assessment, etc. Appearance measurement.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 18316 Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Digital Surveying and Mapping Results GB/T 24356 Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Surveying and Mapping Results GB/T 27920.1 Specifications for Digital Aerial Photography Part 1.Frame Digital Aerial Photography DB/T 65-2016 1.5000 active fault mapping database specification DB/T 72-2018 Graphical symbols for active fault exploration 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions defined in GB 17741 and DB/T 65-2016 apply to this document. 3.1.1 There have been active faults since 120,000 years ago, including Late Pleistocene faults and Holocene faults. [GB/T 3602-2018, definition 3.1] 3.1.2 The geomorphology formed by fault activity on the surface or affected by faults. 3.1.3 The relative displacement of the same geological body or landform surface (line) on both sides of the active fault in the horizontal and vertical directions, namely, horizontal displacement and vertical Displacement. 3.1.4 Use surveying tools to obtain geographic information of faulty landforms in the field and draw them into maps. 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 Abbreviations

4 Basic regulations

4.1 Measuring object The measurement objects include planar or linear faulted landforms, such as fault steep ridges, faulted riverbeds or gullies, faulted terraces or alluvial fans, seismic bulges and Artificial construction (structure), etc. 4.2 Coordinate system and projection 4.2.1 The coordinate system shall adopt the CGCS.2000 national geodetic coordinate system. 4.2.2 The projection method can be equiangular transverse cylindrical projection (such as Gauss-Krüger 3° belt projection), or equiangular transverse elliptical cylindrical projection (such as pass Use Transverse Mercator projection). 4.3 Surveying scale and measuring accuracy 4.3.1 The scale of mapping can be 1.1000, 1.500, 1.250, 1.100. 4.3.2 The measurement accuracy is measured by the relative positioning error of the measurement and should meet the requirements of Table 1. 4.4 Operation implementation 4.4.1 The measurement should be performed when the image is clear and the meteorological conditions are stable. 4.4.2 There should be no snow, water and dense vegetation that affect the measurement implementation and measurement accuracy in the measurement area. 4.4.3 According to the measurement object, data requirements and working conditions, select measurement tools that meet the measurement accuracy and improve work efficiency; Data collection is implemented in a joint operation of multiple measurement methods. 4.4.4 Under the premise of meeting the measurement accuracy, other technologies and methods can be used, and the relevant methods should be clearly stated in the measurement work plan. Operation requirements, precision control, etc. 4.5 Other 4.5.1 The length unit can be meters (m) or centimeters (cm); the area unit should be square meters (m2). 4.5.2 The use of graphical symbols involved in result mapping and data description should follow the requirements of DB/T 72 "Graphical Symbols for Active Fault Exploration" Regulations. 4.5.3 In the field measurement, indoor data processing and mapping stages, the data should be summarized and stored in the database in accordance with the provisions of DB/T 65-2016.

5 Work process

5.1 The work flow of the fault survey includes the following five stages. a) Technical preparation. Collect relevant data of the work area, conduct field surveys, and develop according to the survey target, landform type and survey scope Measurement work plan; b) Measurement implementation. According to the measurement type and data quality requirements, complete field measurement, field recording, and data inspection in accordance with the measurement work plan Survey and field data are collected and stored; c) Data processing. perform data backup, data quality inspection and data processing, write data description files, and complete data collection and storage; d) Drawing. draw the results map and write the description of the results map; e) Data acceptance and submission. data acceptance and submission of data, output and thematic databases. 5.2 Figure 1 shows the main content decomposition and connection relationship of each stage of the fault surveying work.

6 Technical preparation

6.1 Data collection Collect existing topography and landform data in the survey area and adjacent areas, as well as aerial photography and high-resolution satellite image data covering the survey area. 6.2 Field trip The working conditions of the survey area should be inspected on-site to understand the types and distribution of active faults in the survey area. 6.3 Formulation of measurement work plan 6.3.1 The survey work plan shall be formulated according to the topographic and geomorphic conditions, technical requirements and equipment conditions of the survey area. 6.3.2 The content of the survey work plan shall include the location of the survey area and the topography and geomorphology, survey tasks, data accuracy requirements, and main instruments and equipment And technical parameters, expected goals, planned construction period, etc.

7 Measurement implementation

7.1 Measurement method 7.1.1 The survey of the faulty terrain adopts two methods. the profile survey and the topographic survey carried out in the field. 7.1.2 The profile measurement shall meet the following requirements. a) Determine the starting position and direction of the section; b) Measure the plane coordinates and elevation values of the ground points, or other measured values that can be converted into spatial three-dimensional coordinates; c) The measurement route can be composed of multiple line segments connected end to end; the start point, end point and inflection point of the line segment should be selected at a flat terrain. Place markers as needed. 7.1.3 Topographic survey should meet the following requirements. a) Determine the measurement range; b) Measuring the plane coordinates and elevation values of discrete points on the ground, or measuring other data that can be converted into discrete points on the ground, such as aerial photography data. 7.2 Measurement requirements 7.2.1 Measurement of vertical fault landform 7.2.1.1 The geomorphology caused by the vertical movement of the fault should be selected as the measurement object, including fault ridges and folds. 7.2.1.2 The vertical fault landform survey can adopt the profile survey method or the topographic survey method. 7.2.1.3 The measurement of fault ridges by profile measurement shall meet the following requirements. a) The geomorphic surface on both sides of the fault ridge is the same geomorphic surface; b) The profile direction is perpendicular to the strike of the fault ridge; c) The profile crosses the original top and bottom of the ridge of the fault. The length of the profile line on both sides of the ridge can determine the original top and bottom of the ridge; d) Use linear fitting or manual interpretation to determine the trend line of the original top and bottom of the steep ridge, and the vertical distance between the two trend lines Distance is the amount of vertical dislocation. 7.2.1.4 The measurement of folds by profile measurement shall meet the following requirements. a) The section direction is perpendicular to the fold axis; b) The profile crosses the fold belt and the original landform on both sides, and its length can determine the landform on both sides of the fold; c) Use linear fitting or manual interpretation to determine the trend line of the geomorphic surface outside the fold area, and the vertical between the trend line and the top of the fold The distance is the vertical lift. 7.2.1.5 The measurement of vertical fault landform by topographic survey shall meet the following requirements. a) The topographic survey range should cover the selected fault ridges and folds; b) Extract the profile data of fault ridges and folds from the topographical survey data. The profile data should meet the requirements of 7.2.1.3 and 7.2.1.4. 7.2.2 Measurement of horizontal fault landform 7.2.2.1 The topography caused by the horizontal activity of the fault should be selected as the measurement object, such as faulted gullies and terrace edges. 7.2.2.2 The topographic survey method shall be adopted for the horizontal fault survey. 7.2.2.3 Methods such as linear fitting or manual interpretation should be used to determine the same linear marks on both sides of the deformation zone (such as the center line of the gully bottom, river The trend line of the edge of the terrace at the same level, the middle line of the river channel and other linear features). The distance between the trend lines along the fault direction is measured as the fault level. Wrong amount. 7.2.2.4 The selection of the marking line meets the following requirements. a) The center line at the bottom of the gully should be selected as the marking line to determine the amount of horizontal dislocation; b) The edge of the faulty terrace at the same level shall be selected as the marking line to determine the amount of horizontal dislocation; c) The same mark line of artificial features should be selected to determine the amount of horizontal dislocation. 7.3 Measurement record 7.3.1 Field measurement records should be recorded in the field work record book. The record book should have complete page numbers, clear handwriting, and original observation data records Do not wipe. 7.3.2 The field survey record shall include the following contents. a) Survey task name, date, weather conditions, surveying personnel's name; b) Describe the topographic and geomorphic features, the cutting relationship between faulted geomorphic units and fault activities in the survey area; draw geomorphic sketches or sketch maps, And supplemented by text description; c) Record the types of geomorphological units in the survey area, the numbers of important survey points and survey control points. Classification of geomorphic units and measurement points Mark in the geomorphological sketch or sketch map; d) Instrument status and measurement parameter settings, including the space coordinates of the base station, selected coordinate system parameters, sampling interval of measurement data, etc.; e) Abnormal or unexpected circumstances. 7.4 Measurement data requirements 7.4.1 Profile measurement data The profile measurement data should meet the following requirements. a) Measure the spatial coordinates of ground points one by one along the profile route, and the horizontal distance from the profile route is less than 1.0m; b) The horizontal distance between measuring points is less than 0.5m, and the horizontal distance between measuring points is less than 1.0m when the terrain is flat; c) The distance between the measurement points within 10m from the upper and lower inflection points of the fault ridge and between the upper and lower inflection points is less than 0.2m. 7.4.2 Topographic survey data The topographic survey data should meet the following requirements. a) Use global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measuring equipment or total station to obtain discrete ground measurement points in the survey area; b) The measurement void area does not exceed 10% of the total measurement area, and there is no measurement void area in the critical surface deformation area; c) When the surveying scale is greater than or equal to 1.500, the horizontal distance between the measuring points in the surface deformation zone or the key feature terrain area is less than 0.2m, the horizontal distance between measurement points in flat terrain is less than 0.5m; when the mapping scale is less than 1.500, the surface deformation area Or the horizontal distance between the measuring points in the key feature terrain area should be less than 0.5m, and the horizontal distance between the measuring points in the flat terrain area should be Less than 1.0m; d) Set labels for the geomorphic units in the survey area, and the measurement points of the geomorphic units should be assigned corresponding geomorphic marks. LiDAR point cloud data should meet the following requirements. a) The point cloud covers the measurement area and there is no empty area; b) Point cloud data measurement accuracy meets the requirements of Table 1; c) The point cloud data density meets the requirements of interpolating digital elevation model data. Table 2 shows the digital elevation model grid and point cloud density The corresponding relationship. 7.4.4 Aerial photography data 7.4.4.1 The image data meets the following requirements. a) The heading overlap rate should be greater than 80%, and the side overlap rate should be greater than 60%; when the ground undulation is large, the overlap rate should be increased; b) The flight altitude should be less than 120m, and the aerial photography altitude on the same route should be consistent, and the altitude change range should not exceed the design altitude 10% of c) The image quality should meet the requirements of GB/T 27920.1. 7.4.4.2 The image control points meet the following requirements. a) The control point images in the photo should be clear and easy to judge; b) It is advisable to choose the intersection of small linear features with good intersection angle (30°～150°), obvious inflection point of the feature, and point-like ground with no more than 5×5 pixels. The center of the object, and the place with small elevation fluctuations, easy to accurately locate and measure; c) It should be arranged near the midline of overlapping sideways; d) The control points should be evenly distributed in the measurement area, and the corresponding relationship between the number of control points and the aerial survey area should meet the requirements of Table 3; e) The plane coordinates and elevation of the control points should be measured in the same coordinate system, and the measurement accuracy should meet the requirements of Table 1. 7.5 Measurement inspection 7.5.1 Before, during, and at the end of the measurement phase, check whether the working state of the measuring instrument is normal, whether the field measurement records are complete, Accurate, whether the measurement data meets the measurement requirements. 7.5.2 When the measurement task is composed of multiple phased operations, before starting the next phase of operations, the previous phase of operations should be carried out as necessary an examination. 7.5.3 All required operation items have been fully completed and meet the requirements, and the measurement records and data are complete and correct. Outside homework. 7.6 Supplementary measurement and re-measurement of measurement data 7.6.1 Supplementary test and retest conditions 7.6.1.1 When there are contradictions or obvious errors in the measurement data, a retest should be performed. 7.6.1.2 When the measurement data fails to meet the requirements of 7.4 after inspection, a retest or supplementary test shall be performed. 7.6.2 Supplementary test and retest requirements 7.6.2.1 The measurement data does not meet the requirements due to the unreasonable original measurement work plan, and the measurement work plan should be re-developed for field work measuring. 7.6.2.2 If the measurement data does not meet the requirements due to technical reasons or instrument failures, the supplementary measurement shall be carried out in accordance with the original measurement work plan And retest. 7.7 Storage of field data 7.7.1 It shall be in accordance with Table A in DB/T 65-2016.The requirement of 45 is to summarize the faulty geomorphological survey engineering information and store it in the database. 7.7.2 It shall be in accordance with Table A in DB/T 65-2016.The requirement of 46 is to collect and measure base station information and store it in the database. 7.7.3 It shall be in accordance with Table A in DB/T 65-2016.47.The topographic survey data is collected and stored in the database. 7.7.4 It shall be in accordance with Table A in DB/T 65-2016.The requirement of 48 is to summarize the profile measurement data and store it in the database.

8 Data processing

8.1 Data preparation 8.1.1 Data backup 8.1.1.1 The contents of the field survey records should be entered into the computer, and the electronic files should be saved and backed up. 8.1.1.2 The original data in the measuring instrument should be exported using supporting software, and the electronic file should be saved and backed up. 8.1.1.3 Scanning or photographing shall be adopted to save the recorded documents on paper media in picture format (such as JPEG format) as electronic documents, and Backup. 8.1.2 Data format 8.1.2.1 The measurement points should be stored in ASCII code text format files. 8.1.2.2 The point cloud data should be stored in LAS format or ASCII code text format. 8.1.2.3 Aerial images should be stored in TIFF format or JPEG format. 8.2 Data quality check 8.2.1 Inspection method Before data processing, the quality of the measurement data should be checked in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 18316 and GB/T 24356. 8.2.2 Inspection content 8.2.2.1 The quality inspection of ground measurement point data should include the following. a) View the measurement point data file and check whether the attribute value of the measurement point is complete; b) Make a plane distribution map of the measurement points, check whether the measurement area is covered and whether there is a measurement empty area. Figure A. 1 An example map of the data plane distribution of ground measurement points is given; c) Calculate the average point distance and average point density according to the section length, the area of the measurement area and the number of measurement points to check whether it meets the requirements. 8.2.2.2 The quality inspection of LiDAR point cloud data should include the following. a) Check whether the point cloud data covers the measurement area and whether there is a measurement empty area; b) Make a point cloud density map and check whether the point cloud density meets the requirements. c) Use field control point data to check the accuracy of point cloud data. 8.2.2.3 The quality inspection of aerial survey data should include the following. a) Compare the number of image slices with the number of POS points, and check whether there are missing images; b) Make an image point distribution map and check whether the image covers the measurement area and whether there is an empty area. Figure A. 3 An example of an aerial survey image point distribution map is given; c) Make an image overlap map and check whether the image data overlap meets the requirements. Figure A. 4 An example map of the degree of overlap of aerial survey images is given; d) Randomly extract no less than 10 images from the image data of each flight, and visually check the image quality to see if the image...

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