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GB/T 9535.2-2025: Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 2: Test procedures
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GB/T 9535.2-2025: Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 2: Test procedures

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ICS 27.160 CCSF12 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Design qualification and finalization of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules Part 2.Test Procedure Part 2.Test procedures (IEC 61215-2.2021, IDT) Published on 2025-10-05 Implemented on May 1, 2026 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.

Table of contents

Preface V Introduction VI 1.Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Terms and Definitions 4.Test Procedure 4.1 Visual Inspection (MQT01) 4 4.1.1 Purpose 4 4.1.2 Procedure 4 4.1.3 Requirement 4 4.2 Maximum Power Determination (MQT02) 4 4.2.1 Purpose 4 4.2.2 Apparatus 4 4.2.3 Procedure 5 4.3 Insulation Test (MQT03) 5 4.3.1 Purpose 5 4.3.2 Apparatus 5 4.3.3 Condition 5 4.3.4 Procedure 5 4.3.5 Test Requirements 6 4.4 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient (MQT04) 6 4.5 Blank Clause, Original Component Nominal Operating Temperature (NMOT) 6 4.6 Performance under Standard Test Conditions (MQT06.1) 6 4.6.1 Purpose 6 4.6.2 Apparatus 7 4.6.3 Measurement Procedure under STC (MQT06.1) 7 4.7 Performance under low irradiance (MQT07) 7 4.7.1 Purpose 7 4.7.2 Apparatus 7 4.7.3 Procedure 8 4.8 Outdoor Exposure Test (MQT08) 8 4.8.1 Purpose 8 4.8.2 Apparatus 8 4.8.3 Procedure 8 4.8.4 Final Test 8 4.8.5 Requirement 8 4.9 Hot Spot Durability Test (MQT09) 9 4.9.1 Purpose 9 4.9.2 Hot Spot Effect 9 4.9.3 Classification of Internal Battery Connections 9 4.9.4 Device 10 4.9.5 Program 11 4.9.6 Final Experiment 17 4.9.7 Requirement 17 4.10 UV Pretreatment Test (MQT10) 17 4.10.1 Objective 17 4.10.2 Device 17 4.10.3 Program 18 4.10.4 Final Experiment 18 4.10.5 Requirement 18 4.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT11) 18 4.11.1 Objective 18 4.11.2 Device 18 4.11.3 Program 19 4.11.4 Final Experiment 20 4.11.5 Requirement 20 4.12 Wet Freeze Test (MQT12) 20 4.12.1 Objective 20 4.12.2 Device 20 4.12.3 Program 20 4.12.4 Final Experiment 21 4.12.5 Requirement 21 4.13 Damp Heat Test (MQT13) 21 4.13.1 Objective 21 4.13.2 Device 21 4.13.3 Program 22 4.13.4 Final Experiment 22 4.13.5 Requirement 22 4.14 Lead End Strength Test (MQT14) 22 4.14.1 Objective 22 4.14.2 Junction Box Firmness Test (MQT14.1) 22 4.14.3 Cable Anchorage Test (MQT14.2) 23 4.15 Wet Leakage Current Test (MQT15) 23 4.15.1 Objective 23 4.15.2 Device 23 4.15.3 Program 23 4.15.4 Requirement 23 4.16 Static Mechanical Load Test (MQT16) 24 4.16.1 Objective 24 4.16.2 Device 24 4.16.3 Program 24 4.16.4 Final Test 25 4.16.5 Requirement 25 4.17 Hail Test (MQT17) 25 4.17.1 Objective 25 4.17.2 Device 25 4.17.3 Program 26 4.17.4 Final Experiment 27 4.17.5 Requirement 27 4.18 Bypass Diode Test (MQT18) 28 4.18.1 Bypass Diode Thermal Test (MQT18.1) 28 4.18.2 Bypass Diode Functional Test (MQT18.2) 31 4.19 Stability Test (MQT19) 32 4.19.1 General Rule 32 4.19.2 Stable Standard Definition 32 4.19.3 Photostability Test Procedure 32 4.19.4 Other stability procedures 33 4.19.5 Initial Stability (MQT19.1) 34 4.19.6 Final Stability (MQT19.2) 34 4.19.7 Stress-Specific Stress Stability – BOLID (MQT19.3) 34 4.20 Dynamic Mechanical Load Test (MQT20) 34 4.20.1 Objective 34 4.20.2 Program 35 4.20.3 Final Test 35 4.20.4 requires 35 4.21 Potential-Induced Decay (PID) Test (MQT21) 35 4.21.1 Objective 35 4.21.2 Sample 35 4.21.3 Device 35 4.21.4 Program 35 4.21.5 Final Test 35 4.21.6 Requirement 36 4.22 Bending Test (MQT22) 36 4.22.1 Objective 36 4.22.2 Device 36 4.22.3 Program 36 4.22.4 Final Experiment 36 4.22.5 Requirement 36 Appendix A (Informative) Recommended Weight Management Apparatus for Mechanical Load Testing (MQT16) 37 References 40

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document is Part 2 of GB/T 9535 "Design Qualification and Type Approval of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Modules". GB/T 9535 has been published. The following section. ---Part 1.Test Requirements; ---Part 2.Experimental Procedures. This document adopts IEC 61215-2.2021 "Design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Part 2.Test procedures". The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document. ---The suspending paragraph between Chapter 4 and 4.1 has been removed; ---Replace the numbering of curves a) and c) in Figure 5 to correct the editorial error in the original standard; ---Change IEC 61730-1.2016 to IEC 61730-1.2023 in the normative reference document; the technical content of the referenced part is no longer present. In terms of technological differences; ---Change IEC TS62804-1.2015 to IEC TS62804-1.2025 in the normative reference document, and the technical content of the referenced part... There is no technical difference. --- Replace “test load” and “design load” in formula 4.16.1 with their corresponding symbols. Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems (SAC/TC90). This document was drafted by. China Quality Certification Center Co., Ltd., China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, and Shanghai Municipal Quality Supervision and Inspection Bureau. Technology Research Institute, China Certification & Inspection Group Southern Testing Co., Ltd., China Certification & Inspection Group Nanjing (Jiangsu) Testing Technology Co., Ltd., China Resources Power Technology Research Institute Institute Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Jianheng Testing Technology Co., Ltd., China Water Resources and Hydropower Materials Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Hengxi Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd. Company, LONGi Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Sunshine New Energy Development Co., Ltd., Suzhou Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Testing and Certification Research Institute, JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou Huayao Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Anhui Guosheng New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Limited Liability Company, Hefei GCL System Integration New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., China Southern Power Grid Integrated Energy Co., Ltd., CGN Wind Power Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Huadian Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chint New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Company, Anhui Huasheng New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., State Power Investment Corporation Yellow River Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. Xining Branch, and one Daoxin New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu Product Quality Inspection and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tangshan Haitai New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Company. Hunan Hongtaiyang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document are. Zhou Kaixuan, Pei Huichuan, Li Junchao, Xie Leilei, Zhuang Tianqi, Lian Qianjun, Chen Tao, Zhu Guopeng, and Shao Yahui. Taiwan Philosophy, Gao Xingpeng, Xu Minwei, Ma Jingtao, Ou Yancong, Li Qiang, Wang Meijuan, Zhang Jun, An Quanzhang, Cao Guojin, Sun Guoliang, Su Bojie, Zheng Haixing, Wan Zhiliang, Liu Baosong, Chen Chuanke, He Chenxu, Chen Jingwei, Chu Yinzhi, Li Jiadong, Cheng Haonan, Li Jiwei, Liu Zengsheng, Guo Lingyun, Li Songli Liu Yuanyuan.

Introduction

With the global transition to clean energy, photovoltaic power generation, as one of the most promising green energy sources, has attracted much attention. my country's photovoltaic industry capacity... For many years, China has held the world's largest market share, with new products and technologies constantly emerging. To adapt to the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, and to standardize... This document is formulated to address photovoltaic market behavior. GB/T 9535 "Design Qualification and Type Approval of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Modules" is a fundamental standard for the design qualification and type approval of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules. The standard aims to describe the testing requirements, experimental procedures, and specific requirements for photovoltaic modules manufactured based on different cell technologies. The proposed GB/T 9535 standard, "Design Qualification and Approval of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Modules," consists of six parts. ---Part 1.Test Requirements. Its purpose is to specify the design qualification of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules for long-term operation in open-air climates. and design requirements. ---Part 11.Special Requirements for Testing Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules. Its purpose is to specify the requirements for ground-mounted [modules] operating under long-term open-air climates. The design qualification and type approval requirements for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are applied, and the electrical characteristics of the modules are verified within a reasonable cost and timeframe. The evaluation component was assessed for its ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure. ---Part 12.Special Requirements for Testing Cadmium Telluride Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules. Its purpose is to specify the requirements for long-term operation under open-air climates. The design qualification and type approval requirements for cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic modules, and the verification of the electrical characteristics of the modules, within a reasonable cost and timeframe. The internal evaluation components are capable of withstanding prolonged outdoor exposure. ---Part 13.Special Requirements for Testing Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules. Its purpose is to specify the requirements for long-term operation in open-air climates. Design qualification and type approval requirements for ground-mounted amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic modules, verification of the module's electrical characteristics, and at a reasonable cost. The ability of components to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure was assessed within a specified timeframe. ---Part 14.Special Requirements for Testing Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules. Its purpose is to specify the requirements for long-term operation under open-air climates. The design qualification and type approval requirements for ground-mounted copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic modules are specified, and the electrical characteristics of the modules are verified, and the requirements are met within reasonable limits. Evaluate the components' ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure within the time and cost constraints. ---Part 2.Test Procedures. The purpose is to verify the electrical characteristics of the components and to evaluate the components within a reasonable cost and timeframe. It has the ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure. Design qualification and finalization of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules Part 2.Test Procedure

1 Scope

This document specifies the design qualification and type approval requirements for ground-mounted photovoltaic modules designed for long-term operation in open-air climates. Module lifespan. Whether it meets the standards depends on its design, environment, and operating conditions. Test results cannot be used as a basis for predicting component lifespan. This document applies to all types of flat-panel assemblies for ground use, such as crystalline silicon assemblies or thin-film assemblies. This document is not applicable to high-ratio concentrators, but it can be used for low-ratio concentrators (concentration ratio 1 to 3). For low-ratio concentrators... For the optical components, all tests were conducted at the designed concentration conditions for irradiance, current, voltage, and power levels. When the 98th percentile operating temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds 70°C, it is recommended to use the higher temperature test conditions specified in IEC TS63126. Conduct testing. When certifying photovoltaic products with a short expected lifespan, it is recommended to follow the standards for consumer photovoltaic electronics in IEC TS63163. Testing should be conducted. To ensure consistency in characteristics between mass-produced modules and test modules, it is recommended that photovoltaic manufacturers implement a quality system in accordance with IEC 62941. Verification. The purpose of the test sequence in this document is to verify the electrical characteristics of the components and to evaluate their ability to withstand long-term loads within a reasonable cost and timeframe. Capability for outdoor exposure. Accelerated test conditions were empirically established to reproduce failures observed in the field, and are applicable to all types of components. Acceleration factors may vary depending on product design and may not necessarily reflect all degradation mechanisms. More information on acceleration testing methodologies, including techniques... For the definition of the term, see IEC 62506. Some long-term degradation occurs because the time required for failure to occur is too long, and the cost of applying the necessary stress conditions on large-area components is too high. The mechanism for testing at the component level is more reasonable. The component testing standards, with a high degree of consensus on pass/fail criteria, have been adopted. GB/T 9535.1-2025 was incorporated into GB/T 9535 by adding Table 1.In contrast, the test procedures described in this document are... Performed on the component.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included. For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document. GB/T 2423.3-2016 Environmental testing—Part 2.Test methods—Test Cab. Constant damp heat test (IEC 60068-2-78. 2012, IDT) GB/T 9535.1-2025 Design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules – Part 1.Test requirements (IEC 61215-1) 2021, IDT) IEC 60068-2-21 Environmental testing – Part 2-21.Test methods – Test U. Strength of leads and integral mounting components (Envi- vices) Note. GB/T 2423.60-2008 Environmental testing for electrical and electronic products – Part 2.Test methods – Test U. Strength of leads and integral mounting components (IEC) 60068-2-21.2006, IDT) ...