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Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 9535.101-2025 (GB/T9535.101-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | F12 |
| Classification of International Standard | 27.160 |
| Word Count Estimation | 14,143 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-12-31 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-07-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 9535-1998 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 9535.101-2025: Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 27.160
CCSK83
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 9535-1998
Design qualification and finalization of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules
Part 1-1.Testing of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Special requirements
(IEC 61215-1-1.2021, IDT)
Released on December 31, 2025; to be implemented on July 1, 2026.
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction V
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 1
4.Test Sample 1
5.Markup and Documentation 1
6 Test 1
7 Judgment Criteria 1
8.Major appearance defects 2
9 Report 2
10 Changes 2
11.Testing Process and Procedures 2
11.1 Visual Inspection (MQT01) 2
11.2 Maximum Power Determination (MQT02) 2
11.3 Insulation Test (MQT03) 2
11.4 Measurement of Temperature Coefficient (MQT04) 2
11.5 Blank Clause, Original Component Nominal Operating Temperature (NMOT) 2
11.6 Performance under Standard Test Conditions (MQT06.1) 2
11.7 Performance under low irradiance (MQT07) 2
11.8 Outdoor Exposure Test (MQT08) 2
11.9 Hot Spot Durability Test (MQT09) 2
11.10 UV Pretreatment Test (MQT10) 3
11.11 Thermal Cycling Test (MQT11) 3
11.12 Wet Freeze Test (MQT12) 4
11.13 Damp Heat Test (MQT13) 4
11.14 Lead End Strength Test (MQT14) 4
11.15 Wet Leakage Current Test (MQT15) 4
11.16 Static Mechanical Load Test (MQT16) 4
11.17 Hail Test (MQT17) 4
11.18 Bypass Diode Test (MQT18) 4
11.19 Stability Test (MQT19) 4
11.20 Dynamic Mechanical Load Test (MQT20) 6
11.21 Potential-Induced Decay (PID) Test (MQT21) 6
11.22 Bending Test (MQT22) 6
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document is Part 1-1 of GB/T 9535 "Design Qualification and Type Approval of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Modules". GB/T 9535 has been published.
The following section.
---Part 1.Test Requirements;
---Part 1-1.Special Requirements for Testing Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules;
---Part 2.Experimental Procedures.
This document supersedes GB/T 9535-1998 "Design Qualification and Type Approval of Ground-Mounted Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules" and is consistent with GB/T 9535-1998.
In comparison, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
---Added terms and definitions (see Chapter 3);
---The test sample sampling procedure has been changed, and requirements for test samples such as oversized components, representative samples, and bifacial components have been added.
(See Chapter 4, Chapter 3 of the.1998 edition);
---The tagging and documentation have been changed, and detailed requirements have been added (see Chapter 5, Chapter 4 of the.1998 edition);
---The testing procedures have been changed (see Chapter 6, Chapter 5 of the.1998 edition);
---The judgment criteria have been changed, and the judgment is now divided into comparison of electrical parameter measurements with the nameplate (“Threshold 1”) and measurement of work before and after stress testing.
The comparison of rates (“Threshold 2”) has been expanded; detailed determination methods have been added (see Chapter 7, Chapter 6 of the.1998 edition).
---The categories for major appearance defects have been changed (see Chapter 8, Chapter 7 of the.1998 edition);
---The composition of the qualification test report has been changed, and detailed requirements for the report's composition have been added (see Chapter 9, Chapter 8 of the.1998 edition);
---The requirements for product changes have been changed (see Chapter 10, Chapter 9 of the.1998 edition);
---The experimental procedures have been changed (see Chapter 11, Chapter 10 of the.1998 edition);
---The measurement of the battery's rated operating temperature, performance at the battery's rated operating temperature, and torsion test have been removed (see the.1998 edition).
10.5, 10.6 and 10.15);
---Added wet leakage current test, bypass diode test, stability test, dynamic mechanical load test, and potential-induced decay (PID) test.
Tests and bending tests (see 11.15, 11.18~11.22).
This document is equivalent to IEC 61215-1-1.2021 "Design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Part 1-1.Crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules".
Special requirements for testing of volt-ampere components.
The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this article.
---Added explanations of symbols in the formulas (see 11.11).
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems (SAC/TC90).
This document was drafted by. China Quality Certification Center Co., Ltd., LONGi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and CCIC Southern Testing Co., Ltd.
Limited Liability Company, Jiangsu Ruilan Automation Equipment Group Co., Ltd., China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, China Water Resources and Hydropower Materials Group
Limited Liability Company, China Certification & Inspection Group (Jiangsu) Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Jinzhou Sunshine Energy Co., Ltd., Shanghai Municipal Institute of Quality Supervision and Inspection Technology
China Resources Power Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., China Three Gorges Corporation,
Orient Sunrise New Energy Co., Ltd., China National Testing & Inspection Group Co., Ltd., and China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Technology Research Institute
Institute Co., Ltd., Huadian Electric Power New Energy Technology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Changzhou Huayao Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., and China Southern Power Grid Integrated Energy Co., Ltd.
Limited Liability Company, Sunshine New Energy Development Co., Ltd., Anhui Huasheng New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Jianheng Certification Center Limited
The company, Suzhou Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Sany Silicon Energy (Zhuzhou) Co., Ltd., Hanfu Photovoltaic Technology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., State Power Investment Corporation
Yellow River Upper Reaches Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. Xining Branch, CGN Wind Power Co., Ltd., Wuxi Baishiqi Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd.
Guoyuan Testing & Inspection Technology (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Chint New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Electric Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Wang Zhigang, Zhou Kaixuan, Li Zhenguo, Qiu Leifei, Wang Weihua, Pei Huichuan, Chen Xiaoda, Li Ying, Li Junchao, and Chen Yong.
Liu Yuying, Li Songli, Fu Wenjing, Zhu Guopeng, Zhang Jun, Lü Tingyan, Chen Rongmin, Liu Yafeng, Wang Yongfeng, Zhang Kejia, Zhou Yangying, Liu Baosong, and An Quanzhang.
Xiao Wen, Tang Kun, Chen Jingwei, Zhou Gang, Zhong Zhengxiang, Zhang Tianyu, Chen Tao, Lian Qianjun, Chen Jia, Ni Jianxiong, Li Chunhui, Xu Gaomin, Wan Zhiliang, Shi Yanting
Mao Weiwei, Ge Huayun, Cai Houmin, He Chenxu, Xu Minwei.
This document was first published in.1998, and this is its first revision.
Introduction
With the global transition to clean energy, photovoltaic power generation, as one of the most promising green energy sources, has attracted much attention. my country's photovoltaic industry capacity...
For many years, China has held the world's largest market share, with new products and technologies constantly emerging. To adapt to the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, and to standardize...
This series of standards is formulated to address photovoltaic market behavior. GB/T 9535 is a fundamental standard for the design qualification and type approval of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules.
It aims to describe the testing requirements, experimental procedures, and special requirements for photovoltaic modules produced based on different cell technologies.
GB/T 9535 is proposed to consist of 6 parts.
---Part 1.Testing Requirements, which aim to specify the design qualification and testing requirements for ground-mounted photovoltaic modules to operate long-term in open-air climates.
Design requirements.
---Part 1-1.Special Requirements for Testing Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules, the purpose of which is to specify the ground-based requirements for long-term operation in open-air climates.
The design qualification and type approval requirements for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are applied, and the electrical characteristics of the modules are verified within a reasonable cost and timeframe.
The evaluation component was assessed for its ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure.
---Parts 1-2.Special requirements for testing cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic modules, the purpose of which is to specify the requirements for long-term operation under open-air climate conditions.
The design qualification and type approval requirements for cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic modules, and the verification of the electrical characteristics of the modules, within a reasonable cost and timeframe.
The internal evaluation components are capable of withstanding prolonged outdoor exposure.
---Parts 1-3.Special requirements for testing amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic modules, the purpose of which is to specify the requirements for long-term operation under open-air climates.
Design qualification and type approval requirements for ground-mounted amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic modules, verification of the module's electrical characteristics, and at a reasonable cost.
The ability of components to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure was assessed within a specified timeframe.
---Parts 1-4.Special requirements for testing copper indium gallium selenide thin-film photovoltaic modules, the purpose of which is to specify the requirements for long-term operation under open-air climate conditions.
The design qualification and type approval requirements for ground-mounted copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic modules are specified, and the electrical characteristics of the modules are verified, and the requirements are met within reasonable limits.
Evaluate the components' ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure within the time and cost constraints.
---Part 2.Test Procedures, the purpose of which is to verify the electrical characteristics of the components and to evaluate the components' performance within a reasonable cost and timeframe.
It has the ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure.
Whether a module meets its lifespan standard depends on its design, environment, and operating conditions. This document does not address the test results for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.
It can be used as a basis for predicting module lifespan. When the 98th percentile operating temperature of the photovoltaic module exceeds 70°C, it is recommended to adopt the method specified in IEC TS63126.
Tests were conducted under higher temperature conditions.
When certifying photovoltaic products with a short expected lifespan, it is recommended to use the testing methods for consumer photovoltaic electronics as specified in IEC TS63163.
To ensure that the characteristics of mass-produced modules are consistent with those of the tested modules, it is recommended to conduct quality system audits of photovoltaic manufacturers in accordance with IEC 62941.
The purpose of the test sequence in this document is to verify the electrical characteristics of the components and to evaluate their ability to withstand long-term use within a reasonable cost and timeframe.
The ability to withstand outdoor exposure. Accelerated test conditions were empirically established to reproduce the failures observed in the field, and are applicable to all types of groups.
Acceleration factors may vary depending on product design and may not necessarily reflect all degradation mechanisms. More information on accelerated testing methodologies can be found in [link to documentation/package].
For definitions of terms, please refer to IEC 62506.
Some long-term degradation occurs because the time required for failure to occur is too long, and the cost of applying the necessary stress conditions on large-area components is too high.
The mechanism is more rationally reflected at the component testing level. The component testing standards, where a high degree of consensus has been reached regarding pass/fail criteria, are being implemented.
The GB/T 9535 series is incorporated by adding Table 1 to GB/T 9535.1-2025.In contrast, the test described in GB/T 9535.2...
The verification process is performed on the component.
This document defines the testing procedures related to photovoltaic (PV) technology as specified in GB/T 9535.1-2025 and GB/T 9535.2-2025.
Changes to the program and requirements.
Note. The above content is from Chapter 1 of IEC 61215-1-1.2021.
Design qualification and finalization of ground-mounted photovoltaic modules
Part 1-1.Testing of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Special requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the design qualification requirements for ground-mounted photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates.
This document applies to terrestrial crystalline silicon flat panel assemblies.
This document is not applicable to high-ratio concentrators, but can be used for low-ratio concentrators (concentration ratio 1-3). For low-ratio concentrators...
All tests were conducted at the designed concentration conditions for irradiance, current, voltage, and power levels.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
The normative references in GB/T 9535.1-2025 and GB/T 9535.2-2025 are applicable without modification.
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 9535.1-2025 apply to this document.
4 Test Samples
The test samples were tested in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 4 of GB/T 9535.1-2025.
5.Markup and Documentation
Perform according to the requirements of Chapter 5 of GB/T 9535.1-2025.
6 Tests
Perform according to the requirements of Chapter 6 of GB/T 9535.1-2025.
7 Judgment Criteria
The requirements shall be followed as specified in Chapter 7 of GB/T 9535.1-2025, except as otherwise provided below.
---The maximum permissible value for reproducibility is set to r=1.0%;
---The maximum permissible value for measurement uncertainty is set to m1=3.0%.
...
