NB/T 47006-2019 (NB/T 47006-2009) PDF English
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NB/T 47006-2009: [Renamed from JB/T 4757-2009] Aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47006-2009
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.060.30
J 75
NB/T 47006-2009
Replacing JB/T 7261-1994
Aluminum Plate-fin Heat Exchanger
Issued on: MARCH DECEMBER 01, 2009
Implemented on: MAY 01, 2010
Issued by. National Energy Board of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 General Provisions... 8
4 Materials... 18
5 Design... 18
6 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance... 36
7 Installation and Operation... 50
Annex A (Normative) Test Methods of Heat Exchanger Performance... 60
Annex B (Informative) Welded Joint Type... 74
Annex C (Informative) Preparation Method of Heat Exchanger Type... 81
Annex D (Informative) Application Instruction of Heat Exchanger... 83
Aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements of design, manufacture, inspection
acceptance, installations, application and maintenance of Aluminum plate-fin heat
exchanger (hereinafter referred to as heat exchange).
1.1 This standard is applicable to the heat exchanger with design pressure no greater
than 8.0MPa. For the heat exchanger with design pressure greater than 8.0MPa, it
may be designed and manufactured with reference to this standard when the buyer is
agreed upon.
1.2 The design temperature range suitable to this standard is -269°C~200°C.
1.3 This standard is applicable to the heat exchangers applied in the situation of air
separation and liquification equipment (ASU), natural gas processing (NGP) and
liquification (LNG), petrochemical engineering and mechanical power devices.
1.4 The pressure parts of heat exchanger which couldn't be determined by this
standard, through the assessment and ratification of the National Technical
Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of
China, may be designed by adopting the following methods.
a) The stress analysis (except the unit qualified for analysis design) including finite
element method;
b) Replication experimental analysis (such as experimental stress analysis and
replication hydraulic test);
c) The comparable structure which has been put into service shall be adopted to
carry out the comparison empirical design.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this standard. For
dated reference, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies.
GB 150 Steel Pressure Vessels
GB/T 228 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature (GB/T
228-2002, ISO 6892.1998(E), EQV)
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (GB/T 229-2007,
ISO 148-1.2006, MOD)
GB/T 232 Metallic Materials - Bend Test (GB/T 232-1999, ISO 7438.1985, EQV)
GB/T 1804 General tolerances - Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions
without Individual Tolerance Indications (GB/T 1804-2000, ISO 2768-1.1989, EQV)
GB/T 2624.1-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential
Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-section Conduits Running Full - Part 1.General
Principles and Requirements (GB/T 2624.1-2006, ISO 5167-1.2003, IDT)
GB/T 2624.2-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential
Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-section Conduits Running Full - Part 2.Orifice
Plates(GB/T 2624.2-2006, ISO 5167-2.2003, IDT)
GB/T 2624.3-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential
Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-section Conduits Running Full -Part 3.Nozzles
and Venturi nozzles (GB/T 2624.3-2006, ISO 5167-3.2003, IDT)
GB/T 2624.4-2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Pressure Differential
Devices Inserted in Circular Cross-section Conduits Running Full - Part 4.Venturi
Tubes (GB/T 2624.4-2006, ISO 5167-4.2003, IDT)
GB/T 3190 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys - Chemical Composition Limits
(GB/T 3190-2008, ISO 209.2007(E), MOD)
GB/T 3191-1998 Extrusion Rods and Bars of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy
GB/T 3195-2008 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Drawn Round Wire
Aluminum and Aluminum-alloy Foil
GB/T 3246.1 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Products Inspection Method
for Structure
GB/T 3246.2 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Products Inspection Method
for Macrostructure
GB/T 3880.1-2006 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plates, Sheets and Strips
for General Engineering - Part 1.Technical Conditions of Delivery
GB/T 3880.2-2006 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plates, Sheets and Strips
for General Engineering - Part 2.Mechanical Properties
GB/T 3880.3-2006 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plates, Sheets and Strips
for General Engineering - Part 3.Tolerances on Forms and Dimensions
GB/T 4436 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Tubes - Dimensions and
Deviations
GB/T 4437.1-2006 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Extruded Tubes - Part 1.Seamless
Tubes
GB/T 6892-2006 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Extruded Profiles for
General Engineering
GB/T 6893-2000 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Cold Drawn (rolled) Seamless Tubes
GB/T 8063-1994 Designation of Cast Nonferrous Metals and Their Alloys (GB/T
8063-1994, ISO 2092, NEQ)
GB/T 9438-1999 Aluminum Alloy Casting (GB/T 9438-1999, ASTM B26/B26M.1992,
NEQ)
GB/T 10858-2008 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Wires and Rods
GB/T 13384 General Specifications for Packing of Mechanical and Electrical Product
GB/T 16474 Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy-Designation System (GB/T
16474-1996, ANSI H35.1.1993, EQV)
GB/T 16475 Temper Designation System for Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy
(GB/T 16475-2008, ISO 2107.2007, MOD)
JB/T 4730.2-2005 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 2.
Radiographic Testing
JB/T 4730.3-2005 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 3.Ultrasonic
Testing
JB/T 4730.5-2005 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 5.Penetrant
Testing
JB/T 4734 Aluminum Welded Vessels
3.3.3 Heat transfer fin
It is the primary part of heat exchanger and the heat transfer process is mainly
finished through the heat conduction of heat transfer fin as well as the convection heat
transfer between the heat transfer fin and fluid.
3.3.4 Distributor fin
It shoulders mail the steering function for the fluid inlet and outlet, and it is generally
multi-orifice heat transfer fin.
3.3.5 Side bar
It is the primary part of heat exchanger, which are dispersed over the margins of heat
exchanger and acts to seal and support each layer of passage.
3.3.6 Parting sheet
It is the metal sheet between two layers of heat transfer fins, also called composite
sheet; it covers a layer of brazing alloy on the surface of parent metal and when it is
brazed, the alloy is melted and the heat transfer fin, side bar and sheet are welded
together.
3.3.7 Cap sheet
It is the parting sheet located at the outermost side of the heat exchanger block (core),
also called cover plate.
3.3.8 Dummy layer
It is the layer which is set on the top and bottom of the block (core) to connect with the
ambient atmosphere for heat exchange resistance according to the requirements of
strength, heat isolation and manufacture process. (And it is called the process layer).
3.3.9 Dead area
It refers to the area where the heat transfer fin or distributor fins are connected or
unconnected without media flowing.
3.3.10 Layer arrangement
The layer arrangement manners may be classified into single banking, double
banking and single and multiple banking.
3.4.1.6 When the heat exchanger is operated in vacuum state, the design pressure of
vacuum layer shall be considered according to the bore external pressure and when
the safety control device is installed, the design pressure is taken with the minimum
value of 1.25 times of the maximum internal and external pressure difference and the
0.1MPa; when no safety control device is installed, it shall be taken as 0.1MPa.
3.4.2 Design temperature
3.4.2.1 The increase of internal thermal stress shall not exceed the ultimate strength
of material and the maximum recommended allowable temperature difference is 50°C
between the aluminum heat exchanger layers (on the same section) in the steady
state; However, for the fluid with phase change and instant circulation, the
recommended temperature difference shall be 20°C~30°C.
3.4.2.2 When the design temperature is not greater than 65°C, the aluminum alloy
with magnesium content of more than 3% shall not be adopted.
3.4.2.3 The design temperature shall not be less than the maximum temperature
attained by the parts metals under operating conditions. For the metal Temperature of
below 0°C, the design temperature shall be -269°C at the lowest.
3.4.2.4 When the metal temperatures of heat exchanger parts are different under
operating conditions, the maximum temperature shall be complied with to design. In
any case, the metal surface temperature of parts shall not exceed the allowable
service temperature of material.
3.4.2.5 The metal temperature of parts may be attained by heat transmission
calculation or measured on the heat exchanger in the same applied working condition
or determined according to the medium temperature. For the heat exchanger in
different working condition, it shall be designed according to the harsh working
conditions group; the pressure and temperature values in the working conditions shall
be indicated in the drawing or corresponding technical provisions.
3.4.3 Fluid medium
The media characteristics used in the operational process shall be restricted. The fluid
shall be clean and free of corrosive action to the aluminum alloy; generally the
corrosion allowance is not taken into consideration. The media which can easily be
scale formed, settled and block the heat exchanger shall be controlled.
3.4.4 Load
The following loads shall be taken into consideration in design.
determined according to those specified in JB/T 4734 or according to the mechanical
property and safety factor as provided by the corresponding standards; for the
materials of pressure parts, such as heat transfer fin and parting sheet, it shall be
determined by dividing the tensile strength value as specified in GB/T 3198 and YS/T
69 by the safety factor 4~6.
3.6 Welded joint factor
The welded joint factor φ shall be determined according to the welding method and
welded joint mode of pressure parts as well as the linear scale of nondestructive test.
a) For the butt joint of both sides welding and the full penetration butt joint
equivalent to the both sides welding.
The 100% nondestructive test φ=0.95;
Partial nondestructive test φ=0.8.
b) The joint of single welded butt joint (stool plate is closely clung to the base metal
along the seam root full length).
100 % nondestructive test φ=0.90;
Partial nondestructive test φ=0.8.
When the welded joint couldn't be carried out with nondestructive test due to structure,
full penetration structure shall be adopted for the welded joint and the welded joint
coefficient is generally not greater than 0.6.
3.7 Pressure test
Pressure test shall be carried out after the heat exchanger is manufactured. The
manner, requirements and test pressure of pressure test shall be indicated in the
drawing.
The pressure test is generally adopted with hydraulic test and the testing liquid shall
be carried out according to those specified in 6.2.
For the heat exchanger which is not allowed to have residual liquid or the hydraulic
test couldn't be carried out with full liquid due to structure may be adopted with the
pneumatic test. The heat exchanger to carry out pneumatic test and leakage test shall
be in accordance with those specified in 6.2.
3.7.1 Test pressure
Where.
pT -- The test pressure, MPa;
p -- The design pressure, MPa;
3.7.1.3 The pressure test with special requirements
For the heat exchanger which bears alternate load or is applied in special situations,
the hydraulic test pressure shall be suitably raised and the specific requirements shall
be carried out according to those specified in the drawing.
3.8 Drawing
The outside drawing of product provided by the manufactory shall be equipped with all
the data that is required for the buyer examination and mainly includes.
a) Physical dimension, material thickness, model specification, heat interchanging
area, layer volume, support and weight;
b) The designation specification of material and the heat transfer fin type of applied
heat transfer fin;
c) Position of nozzle and flange, connection details and types of all fluids if
necessary;
d) Manufacturing and testing data, range and position of nondestructive test, test
pressure and welding seam identification.
4 Materials
The materials for heat exchanger shall be taken into consideration with the operating
conditions (such as design temperature, design pressure, media characteristics and
operating feature), manufacture process and inspection requirements of heat
exchanger as well as the economical rationality; it shall also be provided with
favorable corrosion resisting property, mechanical property, welding property, shaping
property and other processing properties and physical properties. For the specified,
the relevant requirements as specified in JB/T 4734, GB/T 3198 and YS/T 69 shall be
taken as the reference.
5 Design
Fx -- the component force on the interior section of x direction from nozzle to header,
N;
Fy -- the component force on the interior section of Y direction from nozzle to header,
N;
Fz -- the component force on the interior section of Z axis direction from nozzle to
header, N;
h1, h2 -- the folding height of slab composite header, mm;
h -- the height of transitional short piece, mm;
H -- the height of slab composite header, mm;
L -- the longitudinal width of rectangular bottom surface for the composite header,
mm;
M -- the calculated resultant moment on the interior section from nozzle to header,
Nꞏm;
Mr -- the allowable resultant moment on the interior section from nozzle to header,
Nꞏm;
Mx -- the component moment on the interior section of x direction from nozzle to
header, Nꞏm;
My -- the component moment on the interior section of Y axis direction from the nozzle
to header, Nꞏm;
Mz -- the component moment on the interior section of Z axis direction from nozzle to
header, Nꞏm;
p -- the design pressure, MPa;
Ri -- the internal radius of header body, mm;
Rp -- the calculation radius of slab-shaped header with ends, mm;
δp -- the thickness of slab-shaped header with ends (including additional value of wall
thickness), mm;
α -- the slope angle of oblique slab-shaped header with ends, 45 °≤ α≤90°;
5.1.8 Wall thickness calculation and strength check
5.1.8.1 Wall thickness calculation of curve header with ends and header body (Figure
5.3).
When di /Di ≤0.5, the calculation shall be calculated according to Formula (5.1).
Cp
pR
i 6.0 (5.1)
Therein φ=0.6.
5.1.8.2 The wall thickness of header body of the header as shown in Figure
5.4~Figure 5.6 shall be calculated according to Formula (5.1). For the certain design
wall thickness δ of the header shown in Figure 5.7, each design size shall be carried
out with the stress check before pressure test unless that effective stress analysis
has been made or the experienced formulae is adopted.
The circular cylinder stress shall be checked according to Formula (5.2) before the
pressure test.
eiT
Rp
)5.0( (5.2)
Where.
σT -- the circular cylinder stress under test pressure, MPa;
Ri -- the interior diameter and radius of circular cylinder, mm;
pT -- the test pressure, MPa;
δe -- the effective thickness of circular cylinder, mm.
ΣT shall meet the following conditions.
In hydraulic test.
σT≤0.9φR0.2
In pneumatic test.
σT≤0.8φR0.2
b) If a certain flow velocity is required to maintain and the nozzle diameter is
restricted, several nozzles may be welded on the same header;
c) To prevent or reduce the erosion to the aluminum members on the heat
exchanger inlet and outlet, the flow velocity limit shall be taken into
consideration;
d) When the external nozzle diameter of heat exchanger is less than 40 mm, the
structure form of processing the rod into socket welding nozzle. For the
tangential nozzle, the flow area between nozzle and header shall not be less
than the sectional areas of nozzle.
5.8.2 Nozzle installation
When the nozzle is installed, the fluid in the pressure ports shall be discharged
completely. If necessary, discharge joint shall be additionally installed on the header
or connecting pipe to install outlet- check valve.
5.8.3 Nozzle load
When the nozzle of heat exchanger is added with force and force moment by the
connecting pipe, the maximum force and force moment of such parts as nozzle and
header shall be checked by the manufactory.
The total resultant force F and the resultant moment M shall be calculated and
determined according to Formula (5.5)~(5.7).
zyx MMMM (5.5)
zyx FFFF (5.6)
And.
(M/Mr)+(F/Fr)≤l (5.7)
See Figure 5.17 for the three coordinate axes positions.
d) When assembling, each seriate braze welding component shall be drawn aside
with each other, but not wrap. When the design pressure p≤2.5MPa, the
splicing gap of the braze welding cellular shall not be larger than 1.5mm, and
the part shall not be larger than 3mm, and when the design pressure
p >2.5MPa, the splicing gap of the braze welding cellular shall not be larger
than 1mm, and the part shall not be larger than 2mm. The special
requirements of splicing gap shall be noticed in the pattern.
6.1.3.2 Joint brazing procedure
The establishment of the joint brazing procedure shall be carried out according to the
qualified evaluation of the joint brazing procedure.
6.1.3.3 Appearance of the block
a) The welded joint of the block shall be satiation and smooth, the phenomenon
which the spelter blocked the channel shall be avoided.
b) The wing shape of the distributor fin shall be regular, and shall not come out of
the parting sheet.
c) The cove of the side bar between two adjacent floors which outer flip quantity
shall not excess 2mm;
d) The dislocation quantity of the upper and lower plane of the block shall be no
larger than 1.5mm of each 100mm, and the total dislocation quantity shall be
no larger than 8mm.
e) The total amount of the inferior fovea pleural shall not excess 1% of the block
lamination gross thickness.
6.1.4 Welding
6.1.4.1 Type of welded joint
The welded joint type shall be chosen according to the medium temperature and
loading conditions, when choosing the welded joint type, the generation of oversized
stress concentration and obvious profile revulsion shall be avoided, the alternative
welded joint type is provided in annex B.
6.1.4.2 Welding process
a) The welding procedure qualification before the construction of heat exchanger
shall be carried out according to the JB/T 4734 in annex. The welding process
6.1.7.4 The welded joint of nozzle and flange, if any one of the two needs to adopt the
heat treatment to improve the mechanical strength of materials, penetrant testing
shall be carried out according to JB/T 4730.5, and Level I is qualified.
6.2 Test, inspection and acceptance
The test procedures shall be carried out according to those specified in Annex A of
this standard.
The check and test of heat exchanger shall not only be carried out at the field
installations according to the item requirements, but also shall be carried out in
manufacturer, each heat exchanger needs to be tested by the technical control
department of manufacturer (and the third party), and the quality certificate is needed
before leaving the factory.
6.2.1 Requirements of pressure meter
The pressure meter which have two uniform measurement ranges and qualified after
verification shall be applied during the pressure test. The manometric measurement
range shall be around two times of the pressure testing pressure, but shall not be 1.5
times lower and four times more than the test pressure.
6.2.2 Compressive strength test
The test for pressure drop across the heat exchanger shall not only be in accordance
with this standard or the special stipulation of the drawing, but also shall be in
accordance with those specified in "Technologic Supervision Regulations on Safety of
Pressure Vessels".
The pressure test shall be carried out after the accomplishment of the heat exchanger
manufacture, and the item and requirements of the pressure test shall be noted in the
pattern.
6.2.2.1 Hydraulic pressure test
The water shall be generally adopted as the testing medium in the heat exchanger
hydraulic pressure test, and the water shall be clean and no corrosive to the
workpiece.
The test pressure shall meet the requirements of 3.7.1.When testing, the test shall be
carried out in the channel one by one, when one of the channels is pressurizing,
others shall be emptied, and the check shall meet the requirements in accordance
with those specified in the pattern.
[(pbig/ plittle)-l]×100%≤8% (6.1)
Where.
pbig -- the one with bigger pneumatic resistance value in channel A, B (same below);
plittle -- the one with smaller pneumatic resistance value in channel A, B (same below);
6.2.4.2 The gross resistance deviation of the switching channel within two little unit
combined by cold and hot leg (including cold, hot leg tandem entirety heat exchanger)
shall be calculated according to Formula (6.2).
[(pbig/ plittle)-1]×100%≤2.4% (6.2)
6.2.4.3 After the combination of several little units, the deviation of resistance value of
each channel and the average value of corresponding channel in the big unit shall be
calculated according to Formula (6.3).
[(pi/ pcp)-1]×100%≤±4% (6.3)
Where.
pi -- the pneumatic resistance value of one tested channel.
Pcp -- the mean resistance value of one tested channel, calculate according to
Formula (6.4).
Pcp= (
i 1
pi/N) (6.4)
Where.
N -- the combined group number in the cold and hot leg.
6.2.5 Fluoroscopic inspection
This test needs to be carried out when it is required in the heat exchanger design
graph or delivery contract.
As to the channel which for the operating of oxygen gas in heat exchanger, degrease
treatment is need to be carried out, and after the accomplishment of the heat
exchanger, the inspection is carried out which adopt the ultraviolet ray with
wavelength of 3200Å~4000 Å to check out the Surface, header and nozzle inside of
the channel header of the heat exchanger below, to prove the fluorescence evidence
caused by non-hydrocarbon.
2 times, if more than 2 times, relevant welding procedure qualification report is
needed. The metal of defect part shall be eradicated before repairing welding,
and the weld zone should be recleaned up, even repairing welding with
pressure is no allowed.
b) As to the space division device like the switch heat exchanger, main heat
exchanger, condenser-evaporator and the heat exchanger unit body which
design pressure is larger than 2.5MPa, the allowable solder joint repairing
welding length shall not be larger than 0.5% of the total length of the reveal
parting sheet (containing the inside of the header), and as to other heat
exchanger, the allowable repairing welding length of the solder joint shall not
be larger than 1.5% of the total length of the reveal parting sheet (contain the
inside of the header).
6.4 Quality certificate, mark, painting, package, transportation and storage
6.4.1 Preparation work before leaving the factory
6.4.1.1 Cleanness
The oil stain and dirt shall be removed to maintain cleanness at the external surface of
product. Painting and other anticorrosion treatment shall be in accordance with the
design graph and those specified in relevant technical documents.
6.4.1.2 Drying
The manufacturer shall be sure of all the pressure port intensive drying of heat
exchanger before transportation; specific requirements shall be carried out according
to those specified in annex A.
6.4.1.3 Flange protection
All the reveal treating interface of flange shall be proper protected to prevent from
mechanical damage, especially the flange sealing surface.
6.4.1.4 Protection of dummy layer and dead area
The opening of the dummy layer and dead area, the opening of the closed dead area
shall be properly protected to prevent from moisture and dust irruption.
6.4.1.5 Nitrogen seal
a) The pressure port of heat exchanger which is qualification after drying, dry and
oil-free nitrogen shall be filled for the replacement and nitrogen seal, the
The supporter is generally installed on the upper part of block (core) (heat exchanger
core), thus reducing the shake between the bracket and support slat junction when
the device is started or stopped.
In addition to the main supporter, when the sliding guide-frame is required to be added,
it shall be installed according to the structure as shown in Figure 7.1 and 7.2 and the
following factors shall be taken into consideration.
a) Physical dimension of heat exchanger;
b) Weight of heat exchanger;
c) Site conditions (Earthquake, wind power and pipe load);
d) The relative position of the main supporter plane and the heat exchanger centre
of gravity.
The external force and moment of force that are allowed to be exerted at the junction
between header and nozzle of heat exchanger shall be provided by the manufactory
when it is required by the buyer. The buyer shall ensure that the loads of all the
connecting pipes shall not exceed the value provided by the manufactory.
7.2 Hoisting and transportation
The heat exchanger shall be installed with hoisting devices and the precautions shall
be provided by the manufactory when the heat exchanger is hoisted and transported.
7.3 Supporting bracket
The installation of supporting bracket shall be in accordance with the following
requirements.
a) Heat exchanger shall be installed on the supporting bracket. In addition to the
heat exchanger deadweight, the force and moment of force exerted by the
external shall be taken into consideration when the supporting bracket is
selected.
b) The verticality deviation of the heat exchanger installed on the supporting
bracket shall not be greater than 0.5° or 15 mm and the verticality may be
adjusted by padding the sheet metal.
c) The matching surface between supporting bracket and heat exchanger shall be
thermal insulated and the thermal insulating material strength shall be attuned
to the bore load and shake; the thermal insulating material thickness shall be
Angle Bracket
7.5 Fixed bolt
The bolt shall be adopted to fasten when the heat exchanger is installed on the
supporting bracket and th...
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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