GB/T 151-2014 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 151-2014 | English | 155 |
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Heat exchanger
| Valid |
| GB 151-1999 | English | RFQ |
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3 days
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Tubular heat exchangers [including MODIFICATION 1]
| Obsolete |
| GB 151-1989 | English | RFQ |
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3 days
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Steel tubular heat exchanger
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 151-2014: Heat exchanger---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT151-2014
NATIONAL STANDARD
ICS 71.120.30
J 75
Replacing GB 151-1999
Heat Exchangers
Issued on. DECEMBER 5, 2014
Implemented on. MAY 1, 2015
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration (SAC) of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 6
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 8
3 Terms and Definitions... 10
4 General Requirements... 11
5 Materials... 19
6 Structural Design... 21
7 Design Calculation... 67
8 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance... 130
9 Installation, Operation and Maintenance... 140
Appendix A (Normative) Declaration of Standard Conformity and Revision... 144
Appendix B (Informative) Heat Transfer Calculations of Tube-shell Heat Exchanger... 145
Appendix C (Informative) Vibration Caused by Fluid... 160
Appendix D (Informative) Physical Property Data of Common Fluids... 191
Appendix E (Informative) Fouling Resistance... 230
Appendix F (Informative) Heat Conductivity Coefficients of Metals... 234
Appendix G (Informative) List for Properties of Heat Exchange Tubes... 236
Appendix H (Informative) Weld Types of Welded Joints between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube
Sheet... 238
Appendix I (Informative) Welded Connection of Tube Sheet to Header and Shell... 240
Appendix J (Informative) Calculation for the Area of Inlet and Outlet of Shell and Tube Bundle
... 248
Appendix K (Informative) Tube Sheet for Heat Exchanger with Corrugated Tubes... 254
Appendix L (Informative) Bracing Tube Sheet... 259
Appendix M (Informative) Flexible Tube Sheet... 268
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies general requirements of metallic heat exchangers as well as
materials, design, fabrication, inspection, acceptance, installation and use requirements of
tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.2 General requirements of this standard are applicable to the tube-shell heat exchangers
and the heat exchangers in other structural types. All the provisions of this standard are
applicable to tube-shell heat exchangers.
1.3 The design pressure to which this standard applies.
a) Design pressure of tube-shell heat exchangers is not greater than 35MPa;
b) Design pressure of the heat exchangers in other structural types shall be determined
according to the corresponding normative references.
1.4 The design temperature to which this standard applies.
a) Steel shall not exceed the permissible service temperature range of the materials
listed in GB 150.2-2011;
b) Design temperatures of other metal materials shall be determined according to the
permissible service temperature of the materials listed in corresponding normative references.
1.5 In this standard, applicable nominal diameters of tube-shell heat exchangers shall not be
greater than 4,000mm, and the product of design pressure (MPa) multiplied by nominal
diameter (mm) shall not be greater than 2.7×104.
1.6 The tube-shell heat exchangers beyond the scope of 1.5 may be fabricated and
constructed by reference to this standard.
1.7 This standard does not apply to the following heat exchangers.
1.8 Defined range of heat exchanger;
a) Connection between the heat exchanger and the external pipe.
1) The first welded groove end face of girth joint;
2) The first threaded end face of threaded joint;
3) The first flange seal surface of flange connection;
4) The first seal surface of special connecting piece or pipe fittings connection.
b) Pressure head, flat-cover and its fasteners of connecting pipe, manhole, and
handhole, etc.;
c) Attachment weld between non-pressure components and pressure components;
d) Non-pressure components directly connected to the heat exchangers, e.g. support
and subplate;
e) Overpressure relief devices mounted to the heat exchangers.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated
references, only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the
latest editions of the normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to
this document.
GB 150.1-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 1.General Requirements
GB 150.2-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 2.Materials
GB 150.3-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 3.Design
GB 150.4-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 4.Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and
Acceptance
GB/T 1527-2006 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys
GB/T 1804 General Tolerances-Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions
without Individual Tolerance Indications
GB/T 2882-2013 Nickel and Nickel Alloys Tube
GB/T 3625-2007 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tube for Condensers and Heat
Exchangers
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions defined in GB 150.1-2011
and GB/T 26929 and the following ones apply.
3.3
Nominal length
LN
The length (mm) of the heat exchange tube is regarded as the nominal length of
tube-shell heat exchangers. As for straight heat exchange tube, it is the length of straight tube;
as for U-shaped heat exchange tube, it is the straight length of U-tube.
3.9
Strength weld
The welding that welding strength of heat exchange tube and tube sheet meets the axial
(pulling or compressing) mechanical and the temperature difference load design requirements
and ensures the sealing performance of heat exchange tube.
3.10
Seal weld
The welding that ensures tube-to-tubesheet joint free from leaking
3.11
Tubes welded to backside of tubesheet
The welding that forms butt joint or joggled joint by butt weld between heat exchange
tube and tube sheet on the side of shellside
4 General Requirements
4.1 General Rules
4.1.1 Heat exchangers shall meet the general requirements of this standard and comply with
the relevant laws, regulations and safety specifications issued by the country. For the
declaration of conformity of this standard, see Appendix A.
4.1.3 The tube-shell heat exchangers made of other types of metal, e.g. aluminum, titanium,
copper, nickel and zirconium or the pressure components shall not only comply with this
standard but also meet the requirements of the following corresponding standards.
4.1.6 As for the heat exchangers or pressure components to which the design and
calculation methods in GB 150.3-2011, this standard and corresponding normative references
do not apply, they may be designed according to the method specified in 4.1.6 of GB
150.1-2011.
4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities
4.2.1 Qualifications
As for the heat exchangers within the scope of TSG R 0004-2009, their design and
fabrication organizations shall hold corresponding special equipment permits.
4.2.2 Responsibilities
4.3 Process Calculation
4.3.1 Design conditions
4.4 General Design Requirements
4.4.1 Loads
4.4.2 Design pressure or calculated pressure
Design pressure or calculated pressure shall be determined according to the following
provisions.
4.8 Leakage Test
4.8.1 Leakage test shall meet the requirements of 4.7 in GB 150.1-2011.
4.8.2 Category and requirements of leakage test shall be noted in the drawings.
5 Materials
5.1 General Provisions
5.1.1 Steel grade and standard, additional technical requirements, limited range (e.g.
pressure and temperature) and permissible stress of steel pressure components for tube-shell
heat exchangers shall meet the requirements of Appendixes A and D of GB 150.2-2011; for
reference values of high-temperature property, see Appendix B of GB 150.2-2011.
5.2 Cylinder and Head
The materials used for fabricating cylinder or head of tube-shell heat exchangers shall
meet the relevant requirements of normative references GB 150.1-2011 and GB 150.2-2011.
5.3 Tube Sheet, Header Flat-cover and Flange
5.3.3 Lining
5.3.3.1 Header flat-cover and flange may be in the composite structure of (loose) lining
(lining plate and bush ring).
5.4 Heat Exchange Tube
5.4.1 Steel heat exchange tube shall meet the requirements of GB 150.2-2011 and the
normative references in Chapter 4 of this standard. See Appendix G for the properties of
common heat exchange tubes; see the following tube material standard for designations and
requirements of common heat exchange tubes.
5.4.3 Welded steel tube in GB/T 24593 and GB/T 21832 can be used as heat exchange tube
only when they also meet the relevant requirements of 5.2 in GB 150.2-2011.
5.4.4 Zirconium and zirconium alloy seamless tubes can be used as heat exchange tubes
only when they meet the requirements of tube materials for the heat exchangers for general
industry.
5.5 Steel Bar for Stud (Including Bolt) and Nut
5.5.1 Standard, steel grade, service state, permissible stress, and mechanical property test
etc. of the steel bar for stud (including bolt) and nut all shall meet the requirements of Chapter
7 in GB 150.2-2011.
5.5.2 Fasteners for equipment flanges of tube-shell heat exchangers may be selected
according to NB/T 47027 (JB/T 4707).
6 Structural Design
6.1 Main Components and Parts of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
Main components and parts of tube-shell heat exchangers, see Table 6-1 and Figures 6-1
~ 6-6.
6.2 Model of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers
6.2.1 The structural type is expressed as 3 Latin letters, representing front end structure,
shell and rear end structure (including tube bundle) in turn. Detailed classification type and
code, see Figure 6-7.
6.3 Tubeside
6.3.1 Pipe laying
6.3.1.1 Common arrangement form of heat exchange tube, see Figure 6-8.
6.3.3 Header flat-cover
6.3.3.1 Structure dimension of pass partition slot on the header flat-cover with multiple
tubeside shall be consistent with that on the tube sheet, see 6.5.3.2 in detail.
6.3.3.2 Double-end studs should be adopted as fasteners for header flat-cover and header.
6.3.4 Structure dimension of header
7 Design Calculation
7.1 Pressure-bearing Shell and Partition
7.1.1 Header flat-cover
7.1.1.1 Application scope
This article is applicable to design calculation of round header flat-cover for stud
connection and gasket sealing, and design calculation of welded flat cover shall be in
accordance with GB 150.3-2011.
7.2.3 Floating head flange
7.2.3.1 Calculation of floating head flange under the action of tubeside pressure pt (internal
pressure)
7.2.4 Split ring
7.2.4.1 Structure dimension of Type A split ring is determined according to 6.9.1, its
calculated thickness δg is calculated according to those specified in Table 7-6.
7.3 Heat Exchange Tube
7.3.1 Strength calculation
7.3.1.1 Thickness of heat exchange tube shall be calculated according to the formula of
outer diameter in GB 150.3-2011; where necessary, external pressure shall also be checked.
7.4 Tube Sheet
7.4.1 Application scope
7.4.1.1 This calculation method is applicable to strength check and design calculation of
tube sheets and relevant elements (e.g. heat exchange tube, shell, etc.) of U-tube type heat
exchanger, floating-head type heat exchanger, stuffing-box type and fixed tube sheet type
heat exchanger. Tube sheets may be connected with shellside cylinder and header cylinder in
different connection modes as shown in Figure 7-3.
8 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance
8.1 General Rules
Fabrication, inspection and acceptance of tube-shell heat exchangers shall not only meet
the provisions of this chapter but also comply with the relevant provisions specified in GB
150.1-2011 and GB 150.4-2011.
8.2 Cylinder
8.2.4 Weld reinforcement in shell which obstructs disassembling/assembling of tube bundle
shall be polished to level with the surface of base material.
8.3 Heat Exchange Tube
8.3.1 Dimension deviation of heat exchange tube shall meet the requirements of this
standard and design document.
8.4 Tube Sheet and Header Flat-cover
8.4.1 Heat exchanger tube sheet with DN less than or equal to 2 600 mm should not be
spliced.
8.4.2 Splicing of tube sheet and header flat-cover shall not only meet the following
requirements but also comply with relevant requirements of GB 150.4-2011.
8.6 Other Parts
8.6.1 Seal surface of partition in header shall be parallel to or slightly lower than ring seal
surface of flange in header (the deviation is controlled in 0.5 mm).
8.6.2 Burrs on both ends of spacer tube shall be removed.
8.6.3 The dimension of impingement baffle (rod), guide cylinder and bypass baffle shall
meet the requirements of design drawing.
8.6.4 Dimension and installation direction of slideway shall meet the requirements of design
drawing.
8.8 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet
8.8.1 Expansion connection
8.8.1.1 Expansion shall not be beyond the back (shellside) of tube sheet; for expansion, heat
exchange tube shall be connected smoothly to non-expanded parts and shall be free from
sharp edges and corners.
8.8.1.2 Before strength expansion, expending procedure test shall be carried out to
determine appropriate expansibility.
9 Installation, Operation and Maintenance
9.1 Site Installation
9.1.1 Space for disassembling/assembling
9.1.1.1 For floating-head type heat exchanger and stuffing-box type heat exchanger, their
front ends and rear ends shall be partially reserved to draw off tube bundle and remove outer
end cover and floating head cover respectively.
9.1.3 Installation
9.1.3.1 Without preventing support of heat exchanger from sliding, flat shim plate and
wedge shim plate can be adopted for leveling; levelness (perpendicularity) of heat exchangers
shall not be adjusted by changing the fastening degree of foundation bolts.
9.1.4 Pipeline arrangement
9.1.4.1 Bypass and bypass valve are recommended for the arrangement.
9.1.4.2 Unless otherwise specified in design document, thermometer and pressure gauge
connection shall be installed on the near pipeline by the user.
9.1.4.3 Heat exchanger shall be equipped with exhaust valve and drain valve; inflammables,
toxicants and other harmful media shall not be directly discharged.
9.1.5 Other requirements
9.2 Test Run and Operation
9.2.1 Before test run, check whether there are special requirements and instructions in
design document and as-built information; there is distinctive mark on nameplate; tube sheet
is designed by differential pressure; and whether there are special requirements for pressure
testing and test run. Operation specifications shall be prepared based on design document and
as-built information and shall not be violated.
9.2.2 Heat exchanger shall not operate beyond the conditions as specified in design
document.
9.2.3 The entire system shall be cleaned before test run, if necessary, filter screen or other
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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