NB/T 33025-2020 PDF in English
NB/T 33025-2020 (NB/T33025-2020, NBT 33025-2020, NBT33025-2020)
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General requirements for swappable battery pack of electric vehicles
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General requirements for swappable battery pack of electric vehicles
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Standards related to (historical): NB/T 33025-2020
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NB/T 33025-2020: PDF in English (NBT 33025-2020) NB/T 33025-2020
NB
ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220
CCS K 84
Replacing NB/T 33025-2016
General requirements for swappable battery pack of electric
vehicles
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 23, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2021
Issued by: National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Basic composition and classification ... 8
5 General requirements ... 8
6 Test methods ... 17
7 Inspection rules ... 21
8 Marking, transportation and storage ... 22
Appendix A (Informative) Interchangeability requirements and typical specifications
for swappable battery pack of electric vehicles ... 24
References ... 30
General requirements for swappable battery pack of electric
vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic composition, general requirements, test methods,
transportation and storage requirements of the swappable battery pack of electric
vehicles (referred to as “swappable battery pack”).
This document applies to the swappable battery pack of electric vehicles using battery
replacement mode.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.1, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Tests A: Cold
GB/T 2423.2, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Tests B: Dry heat
GB/T 2423.3, Environmental testing - Part 2: Testing method - Test Cab: Damp heat,
steady state
GB/T 2423.17, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test method - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 2423.34, Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Z/AD: Composite
temperature/humidity cyclic test
GB/T 4208-2017, Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 17626.2-2018, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 17626.3-2016, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.4-2018, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
GB/T 17626.6-2017, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields
GB/T 17626.8-2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 8: Testing and
measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.10-2017, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity test
GB/T 17626.12-2013, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Ring wave immunity test
GB 18384, Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 19596, Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 19666, General rules for flame retardant and fire resistant electric wires and
cables or optical fiber cables
GB/T 29317, Terminology of electric vehicle charging/battery swap infrastructure
GB/T 31466, Voltage ratings of electric vehicles high voltage electricity system
GB/T 32879, General technical requirements for battery box connectors for
replacement of electric vehicles
GB 38031, Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
NB/T 10436-2020, General requirements for swapping battery pack cooling
connector of electric vehicle
QC/T 413-2002, Basic technical requirements for automotive electric equipment
QC/T 1023-2015, General requirement of traction battery system for electric
vehicles
QC/T 1067.1, Connector used in automobile wire harness and electrical device - Part
1: Definition, test method and requirement
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 19596 and GB/T 29317, as well as the
following ones, are applicable to this document.
3.1
swappable battery pack
Battery pack which is suitable for the fixed installed traction battery pack, electronic
control unit and corresponding auxiliary components, and can be disassembled and
assembled on electric vehicles in a short period of time (not more than 5 minutes for
passenger cars, and not more than 10 minutes for commercial vehicles) with human or
mechanical assistance, and can charge the battery while off-board.
3.2
lock mechanism
Mechanism that fixes the swappable battery pack to the swappable battery pack frame
or electric vehicle.
3.3
the guiding and positioning device
Device used for traveling guidance during the access process and positioning in a fixed
position of the swappable battery pack.
3.4
battery pack coupler
Including the swappable battery pack electrical coupler and the swappable battery pack
cooling connector.
The swappable battery pack electrical coupler, a special electrical coupler that realizes
the conductive connection between the swappable battery pack and the electric vehicle,
or between the swappable battery pack and the charging rack, is composed of an electric
coupler plug and an electric coupler socket-outlet.
The swappable battery pack cooling connector, referred to as “cooling connector”, is a
fluid coupler that realizes the conduction of coolant between the swappable battery pack
and the electric vehicle, or between the swappable battery pack and the charging rack.
It is composed of a cooling coupler plug and a cooling coupler socket-outlet.
3.5
thermal management system
It is provided with the functions of temperature measurement and alarm for the internal
space, modules, and coupler poles of the battery pack, and the ability to intervene when
the temperature exceeds the standard, so that the battery module always works within
the set temperature range.
b) It shall be provided with the function of managing the charging and discharging
parameters of the swappable battery pack.
c) It should be provided with the function of thermal management and control of the
swappable battery pack.
d) It may have the function of balancing the battery cell or battery module.
e) It shall be provided with a CAN communication interface to realize data
communication with other vehicle controllers or off-board chargers.
5.2 Functional requirements
5.2.1 Swappable battery pack coupler
The structure and performance of the swappable battery pack coupler shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 32879; the structure and performance of the swappable battery
pack cooling connector shall meet the requirements of NB/T 10436.
5.2.2 Electronic control unit
a) It shall be provided with the function of collecting data such as the total voltage
or current of swappable battery pack, the voltage of battery cell or battery module,
the temperature of battery (not less than 4 monitoring points), and the temperature
of strong electrical contact of the swappable battery pack connector.
b) It shall be provided with the function of managing the charging and discharging
parameters of the swappable battery pack.
c) It shall be provided with a CAN communication interface to realize data
communication with the vehicle controller or the off-board charger.
d) It should be provided with the function of thermal management and control of the
swappable battery pack.
e) It should be provided with the function of balancing the battery cell or battery
module.
5.2.3 Lock mechanism
a) A mechanical or electronic lock mechanism shall be used for the fixation of the
swappable battery pack. It shall be provided with the function of preventing
locking failure, so as to realize the reliable connection between the swappable
battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle and meet the needs of rapid
battery replacement.
b) The lock mechanism shall be able to securely fix the swappable battery pack on
the vehicle body or the bracket, so that there is no relative displacement or
mechanical noise under the frequent vibration caused by the driving of the vehicle.
c) The unlocking and locking of the lock mechanism shall be operated in a controlled
manner, and the working status of the lock mechanism shall be reliably detected.
d) The lock mechanism shall have a manual operation function. Under abnormal
circumstances, it shall be manually unlocked so that the swappable battery pack
can be taken out.
5.2.4 The guiding and positioning device
a) The guiding device shall be able to reliably correct the push-pull movement path.
b) The positioning device shall be able to reliably locate the locked position of the
swappable battery pack.
5.2.5 Thermal management system
a) The swappable battery pack shall be provided with the temperature measurement
and alarm functions, and should be equipped with the thermal management
function.
b) The thermal management function shall ensure that the temperature field in the
swappable battery pack is uniform, and the temperature difference of the
temperature field of the modules inside the swappable battery pack should not be
greater than 5 °C; for swappable battery pack system composed of multiple
battery packs, the temperature difference of each battery pack should not be
greater than 8 °C.
5.2.6 Identification
The swappable battery pack shall have a uniquely coded identification.
5.3 Requirements for electrical performance
5.3.1 Nominal voltage
The nominal voltage class of the swappable battery pack shall meet the requirements
of the whole vehicle and should meet the requirements of GB/T 31466. The
recommended voltage class is listed in Table 1.
The swappable battery pack shall be able to withstand the radiated radio-frequency
electromagnetic field immunity test of level 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.3-
2016.
5.5.4 Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
The swappable battery pack shall be able to withstand the electrical fast transient/burst
immunity of level 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.4-2018.
5.5.5 Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields
The swappable battery pack shall be able to withstand the immunity test to conducted
disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields of level 3 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T
17626.6-2017.
5.5.6 Power frequency magnetic field immunity
The swappable battery pack shall be able to withstand the power frequency magnetic
field immunity test of level 4 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.8-2006.
5.5.7 Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
The swappable battery pack shall be able to withstand the damped oscillatory magnetic
field immunity test of level 4 specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 17626.10-2017.
5.6 Requirements for structure and process
5.6.1 Appearance
The appearance of the swappable battery pack must not have deformation or cracks; the
surface shall be flat and dry, without external injuries; the marking shall be clear.
5.6.2 Non-electrical accessories
The non-electrical accessories of the swappable battery pack, such as the battery
grouped framework, separators, heating materials, insulation materials, and corrugated
tubes and cable ties for wire harness protection, shall have temperature resistance, wear
resistance, waterproof, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, flame retardant and
other characteristics.
5.6.3 Requirements for wire harness
a) The wire harness shall have the characteristics of temperature resistance, wear
resistance, waterproof, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and flame
retardancy. The flame retardancy and fire resistance performance shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 19666; the pressure welding and stretching resistance of
the connector harness shall meet the requirements of QC/T 1067.1.
b) The power line shall be low-smoke, halogen-free multi-strand copper conductors
or flexible copper bars. Its rated voltage shall not be lower than the rated voltage
class of its circuit; the minimum shall not be less than 750 V and shall meet the
charging safety requirements. The temperature resistance shall not be lower than
125 °C. The wire harness shall have clear marks, so that the positive and negative
poles can be clearly distinguished.
c) If pressure welding is used to connect the internal modules of the swappable
battery pack and the internal and external power line terminals of the swappable
battery pack coupler, tin filling shall be adopted.
d) Power lines and control lines shall be bundled independently, with smooth wiring,
and shall have measures to prevent vibration and friction.
e) The control line shall be made of multi-strand copper conductors. Its rated voltage
shall not be lower than 300 V, and its temperature resistance shall not be lower
than 200 °C.
f) The communication line shall be shielded twisted pair, and the shielding layer
shall be grounded.
5.6.4 Process requirements
a) The coating layer, chemical processing layer and surface paint layer of the metal
casing and parts of the swappable battery pack shall comply with the regulations
in 3.15 of QC/T 413-2002.
b) The positive and negative poles of the battery module shall be clearly marked and
be provided with corresponding protective measures.
c) The battery modules shall be grouped to facilitate heat dissipation, and an
arrangement method to keep the thermal field uniform shall be adopted.
d) The installation of the battery module shall have measures to prevent vibration
and friction, and firm positioning and clamping devices shall be used.
e) The installation of the electronic control unit shall be isolated from the battery
module.
f) Mechanical and electrical connection points shall maintain sufficient pre-
tightening force, and appropriate anti-loosening measures shall be adopted. For
electrical connection points with risk of insulation reduction, insulation protection
shall be strengthened as required.
5.6.5 Other requirements
a) The swappable battery pack shall be universal and interchangeable. Refer to
Appendix A for the interchangeability requirements;
the negative electrode and the casing. The insulation resistance value shall not be
less than 500 Ω/V.
6.2 Appearance, dimensions and mass of swappable battery pack
6.2.1 Appearance of swappable battery pack
Under good light, check the appearance of the swappable battery pack visually.
6.2.2 Dimensions and mass of swappable battery pack
Use measuring tools and weighing apparatus to measure the external dimensions and
mass of the swappable battery pack.
6.3 Environmental adaptability test
6.3.1 High-temperature test
The test of high-temperature operation shall be carried out according to the provisions
of “Test Bd: High-temperature test of gradual temperature change of heat-dissipating
specimen – the specimen is not powered on during the temperature rise adjustment
period” in GB/T 2423.2. In the test, the high-temperature test temperature is 55 °C, and
the test duration is 16 hours.
6.3.2 Low temperature test
The test of low-temperature operation shall be carried out according to the provisions
of “Test Ad: Low-temperature test of gradual temperature change of heat-dissipating
specimen – the specimen is powered on after the temperature starts to stabilize” in GB/T
2423.1. In the test, the low-temperature test temperature is -20 °C, and the test duration
is 24 hours.
6.3.3 Constant damp and hot test
Place the test swappable battery pack in a steady-state damp heat test box, and carry out
the test according to the method specified in GB/T 2423.3. Carry out the test
continuously for 48 hours in an environment with a temperature of 40 °C ± 2 °C and a
relative humidity of (93±3) %. After the test, place the swappable battery pack in the
environment specified in 6.1.1 for 2 hours.
6.4 Electrical performance test
6.4.1 Energy test of swappable battery pack
Charge the swappable battery pack according to the manufacturer’s requirements.
Connect the swappable battery pack to the discharge equipment; under the condition of
25 °C ± 5 °C, discharge the battery pack with 1 times the I1 (A) current until the voltage
of the battery cell reaches the end-of-discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer,
and stop discharging; let it stand for 1 hour; record the energy released by the swappable
battery pack during the entire discharge process; retain 3 significant figures for the rated
energy (kW·h) of the swappable battery pack. The test results shall meet the
requirements of 5.3.2. If the specified value is not reached in the first test, the test can
be repeated; if the specified value is still not reached in the fifth continuous charge-
discharge cycle test, the test shall be stopped.
6.4.2 Capacity test of swappable battery pack
Carry out the test at the same time with the energy test of the swappable battery pack
as specified in 6.4.1; according to the current value and discharge time data, calculate
the capacity (in A·h) according to Formula (1).
C (capacity of swappable battery pack) = I (discharge current) × t (discharge
time) ………………… (1)
6.4.3 Charge retention energy test
a) Charge the swappable battery pack according to the manufacturer’s requirements.
b) Store the swappable battery pack at 25 °C ± 5 °C for 28 days.
c) Discharge the swappable battery pack at 20 °C ± 5 °C with 1 times the I1 (A)
current until the battery cell voltage reaches the end-of-discharge voltage
specified by the manufacturer; stop discharging.
d) Calculate the capacity (in A·h) based on the current value and discharge time data;
express the charge retention capacity as the percentage of the test capacity to the
rated capacity.
6.5 Safety test
6.5.1 Protection test
a) Dustproof test: Carry out the dustproof test of the swappable battery pack
according to the method specified in 13.4 of GB/T 4208-2017. If other protective
casings are used outside the swappable battery pack, the swappable battery pack
shall be tested together with the protective casing.
b) Waterproof test: Carry out the waterproof test of the swappable battery pack
according to the method specified in Chapter 14 of GB/T 4208-2017. If other
protective casings are used outside the swappable battery pack, the swappable
battery pack shall be tested together with the protective casing.
6.5.2 Electrical insulation performance test
The connectors, terminals, electrical contacts, etc. inside the swappable battery pack
shall be insulated to meet the requirements of GB 18384, and the equipment shall be
7.2 Exit-factory inspection
7.2.1 Before leaving the factory, each batch of products shall be randomly sampled for
ex-factory inspection. For the capacity inspection item of the swappable battery pack,
the swappable battery pack shall be discharged at 25 °C ± 5 °C with 1 times the I1 (A)
current, and the capacity difference shall not exceed ±5%.
7.2.2 In the ex-factory inspection, if one or more items are unqualified, the batch of
products shall be returned to the production department for rework and general
inspection, and then submitted for acceptance again. If there is still one or more
unqualified items in the re-inspection, judge this batch of products as unqualified.
7.3 Type inspection
7.3.1 Type inspection shall be carried out in any of the following cases
a) when a new product is put into production or an old product is transferred to a
factory for trial type identification.
b) after formal production, when there are major changes in structure, process or
materials, which may affect product performance.
c) when the production, which has been suspended for one year or more, is resumed;
d) when the current factory inspection result is significantly different from the
previous type inspection result.
e) when the national quality supervision institutions propose a requirement to carry
out type inspection;
7.3.2 Judgment rules
The type test shall conform to the technical requirements of the product. If all of the
items pass the test, judge it as qualified; if any item is unqualified, judge the product as
unqualified.
8 Marking, transportation and storage
8.1 Marking
In the obvious positions of the swappable battery pack, there shall be safety graphic and
signage and nameplate signs, which shall be clear, firm and reliable. Nameplate
contents include:
a) the name and trademark of the manufacturer.
b) product name and model.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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