GB/T 6326-2023 PDF English
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Tyre - Vocabulary
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| GB/T 6326-2014 | English | 155 |
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Tyre terms and definitions
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| GB/T 6326-2005 | English | 150 |
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Tyre terms and definitions
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| GB/T 6326-1994 | English | RFQ |
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Tyre terms
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| GB 6326-1986 | English | RFQ |
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Tyre terms and its definitions
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GB/T 6326-2023: Tyre - Vocabulary---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT6326-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.160.01
CCS G 41
Replacing GB/T 6326-2014
Tyre - Vocabulary
Issued on: DECEMBER 28, 2023
Implemented on: JULY 01, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation.
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 General terms... 6
4 Tyre classification... 8
5 Tyre parts and components... 16
6 Tyre tread pattern... 21
7 Rims... 23
8 Tyre size... 25
9 Tyre performance and testing... 29
10 Tyre marking... 52
11 Tyre appearance defects... 58
12 Tyre use... 64
13 Tyre retreading and repair... 72
1 Scope
This document defines terminology used in the tyre industry, including general terms
and tyre classifications, tyre parts and components, tyre tread patterns, rims, tyre sizes,
tyre performance and testing, tyre marking, tyre appearance defects, tyre use, tyre
retreading and repair terms and their definitions.
This document applies to passenger car tyre, light truck tyre, truck and bus tyre, earth-
mover tyre, agricultural tyre, industrial tyre, motorcycle tyre, electric bicycle tyre, cycle
tyre, aircraft tyre.
2 Normative references
This document has no normative references.
3 General terms
3.1
Tyre
A circular elastic product mounted on a wheel or machine wheel.
3.2
New tyre
Tyre that are neither used nor retreaded.
3.3
Grown tyre
Tyre whose rim size has expanded due to use.
3.4
Pneumatic tyre
The tyre, whose inner cavity of the tyre needs to be filled with compressed gas or
liquid and can maintain the pressure.
Note. Divided into tube tyre and tubeless tyre.
3.5
Solid tyre
Cavity-less tyre that use materials with different properties to fill the tyre carcass.
3.6
Tubeless tyre
Pneumatic tyre that do not require an inner tube.
4 Tyre classification
4.1 Classification by use
4.1.1
Normal tyre
Tyre designed for general use.
4.1.2
Special use tyre
Tyre designed mainly for use under off-road conditions, which can be used on mixed
ordinary roads and off-roads, OR used under other special conditions.
Note. This type of tyre marking includes MPT (multi-purpose truck), ML (mining and
logging), ET (extra tread), POR (professional off-road), MT (mud-terrain), RT (rugged-
terrain), AT (all-terrain), etc.
4.1.3
Traction tyre
Tyre designed mainly for vehicle drive wheels, to maximize the transmission of
vehicle power.
4.1.4
Professional off-road tyre
Tyre designed primarily for use in harsh off-road conditions.
Note. It is a kind of special purpose tyre.
4.1.5
Mud and snow tyre
The tyre, whose tyre pattern, tread compound, tyre structure are specially designed
to provide better driving performance than ordinary tyre when driving in snowy,
muddy or sandy areas.
4.1.6
Temporary-use spare tyre
The tyres, other than those installed on vehicles and used under specified driving
conditions, are only used temporarily under limited driving conditions.
4.1.7
T-type temporary use spare tyre
The tyre, whose inflation pressure is higher than that of standard and reinforced tyre,
is for temporary use only.
4.1.8
Snow tyre
Tyre which has specially designed tyre patterns, tread compounds or tyre structures
that perform better than ordinary tyre, in terms of vehicle starting, handling and
braking performance on icy and snowy roads or in cold conditions.
4.1.9
Ice tyre
Tyre which has specially designed tyre patterns, tread compounds or tyre structures
that perform better than ordinary tyre, in terms of vehicle starting, handling and
braking performance on icy road conditions.
Note. It is a kind of snow tyre.
4.1.10
Run flat tyre
Pneumatic tyres that are designed to travel under normal inflation conditions and
can still travel a certain distance at a certain speed, under a lack of pressure condition.
4.1.11
Self-supporting run flat tyre
It is a pneumatic tyre, which is designed to be driven in a normal inflated state and
can still travel a certain distance at a certain speed without any other accessories in
a deflated state.
4.1.12
Internal support tyre
A tyre with supports in the inner cavity of the tyre.
4.2 Classification by structure
4.2.1
Structure type
Technical characteristics of tyre carcass.
Note. Including diagonal structure, bias-belted structure, radial structure, etc.
4.2.2
Diagonal tyre; bias-ply tyre
A pneumatic tyre in which the adjacent cords of the carcass ply and breaker intersect
and are aligned at less than 90° with the tread centerline.
4.2.3
Bias-belted tyre; bias tyre
A pneumatic tyre in which the belt is composed of two or more layers of cord
material that is basically inextensible, tightening the carcass ply in a bias structure.
4.2.4
Radial tyre
A pneumatic tyre in which the carcass ply cords are arranged at or close to 90° to
the tread centerline and the belt is used to tighten the carcass.
4.3 Classification by matching vehicles or machinery or equipment
4.3.1
Passenger car tyre
Tyre designed primarily for use on passenger cars.
4.3.2
Truck and bus tyre
Tyre designed primarily for use on commercial vehicles and their trailers.
4.3.3
Light truck tyre
Tyre designed primarily for use on microcars or light commercial vehicles.
Note. It is a type of truck and bus tyre.
4.3.4
Earth-mover tyre
Tyre designed for use on wheeled construction machinery and construction vehicles.
Note. Construction machinery and vehicles are usually used for short-distance, low-speed,
engineering operations on non-paved roads.
4.3.5
Industrial tyre
Tyre designed for use on industrial vehicles.
Note. Mainly divided into solid tyre and pneumatic tyre. Industrial vehicles are usually
short-distance, low-speed, intermittent or periodic operation vehicles.
4.3.6
Agricultural tyre
Tyre designed for use on tractors, agricultural machinery, agricultural vehicles.
Note. Agricultural machinery and vehicles are usually used for low-speed operation
machinery in various fields, such as farmland and sugarcane fields or for short-distance low-
speed transportation operations in agricultural operating areas.
4.3.7
Logging tyre
Tyre designed for use on forestry machinery and forestry vehicles.
Note. Forestry machinery and vehicles are usually used for low-speed operations in various
mountainous areas, such as forest areas and forest farms. It is a type of agricultural tyre.
4.3.8
Aircraft tyre
Pneumatic tyre designed for use on aircraft.
5 Tyre parts and components
Note. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for schematic diagrams of tyre parts and components.
5.1
Bead heel Bead toe
5.2
Shoulder
The edge parts on both sides of the crown.
5.3
Sidewall
The part of the tyre between the tread and the bead.
5.4
Rim protector
Rim protection strip
A raised rubber strip on the sidewall of a tyre that protects the rim.
5.5
Bead heel
The part where the outside of the bead meets the fillet of the rim bead seat.
5.6
Bead toe
The tip portion on the inside of the bead.
5.7
Tread
The part of the tyre that is in contact with the ground.
5.8
Carcass
The pneumatic tyre structure usually consists of one or several layers of cords and
wire rings (except sidewall rubber, tread rubber, belt or breaker).
5.9
Tyre inner surface
The inner surface of the cover.
5.10
Breaker
The rubber ply or layer between the tread and carcass of a diagonal tyre, which does
not extend to the middle material layer of the bead.
6 Tyre tread pattern
Note. See Figure 3 for a schematic diagram of the tyre tread pattern.
Figure 3 -- Schematic diagram of tyre tread pattern
6.1
Tread pattern
A tread pattern, that is mainly composed of raised parts and groove parts and has
good grip with the ground.
6.2
Transversal pattern
A pattern which has good longitudinal gripping performance, whose grooves are
basically in the axial direction of tyre.
6.3
Longitudinal pattern
A pattern which has good transversal gripping performance, whose grooves are
basically in the circumferential direction of tyre.
6.4
Off-road pattern
Pattern sipe
Pattern blockGroove
A pattern suitable for driving on non-paved roads.
6.5
Highway pattern
Pattern suitable for driving on paved roads.
6.6
On/off pattern
Special patterns suitable for various road conditions.
Note. For example, the pattern is a mixture of road pattern and off-road pattern, etc.
6.7
Traction pattern
Patterns with grooves deeper than ordinary patterns and better grip than ordinary
patterns.
6.8
Directional pattern
Patterns which have requirements for direction of travel.
6.9
Asymmetric pattern
A pattern, whose entire tread pattern shape is not symmetrical about the tread
centerline OR the pattern shape of each pitch is not symmetrical about the pitch
center.
7 Rims
7.1
Measuring rim
The rims specified for each size of tyre in order to determine the basic size of the
tyre.
7.2
Theoretical rim
A rim whose width has a specified ratio to the nominal cross-sectional width of the
tyre.
7.3
Permitted rim
Rims that are permitted for use with tyre.
7.4
Nominal rim diameter
A numerical code indicating the rim diameter for reference only in tyre size
calculations.
Note. For the rim diameter marked in the tyre and rim specification sign, see Appendix A.
7.5
Specified rim diameter
The diameter, which passes through the intersection of the extension line of the rim
bead seat and the extension line of the inside of the rim.
7.6
Test rim
Rim for mounting tyre for testing.
7.7
Rim width
The straight-line distance between the inside of the rim on both sides of the rim.
8 Tyre size
8.1
Peripheral dimension
The outer circumference, cross-sectional width, and other external dimensions of
the tyre, which measured when the tyre is installed on the specified rim and inflated
to the specified pressure.
8.2
New tyre design dimension
Basic dimensions for tyre design.
8.3
Tyre maximum dimension in-service
The permanent expansion size of the tyre in use, which does not include deformation
due to load, lateral force, centrifugal force.
Note. This dimension is used by vehicle manufacturers when designing tyre clearance.
8.4
Overall circumference
The circumference of the outermost surface of the tyre tread.
8.5
Overall diameter
The circumferential diameter of the outermost surface of the tyre.
8.6
Nominal overall diameter
The diameter of the outermost surface of the tread of tyre, after installed on the
theoretical rim and inflated according to the specified inflation pressure, which is
marked in the tyre size designation.
8.7
Section width
The maximum distance between the two outer sides of the tyre section, after inflated
as specified, excluding the increased width of signs, decorative ribs, kerbing ribs.
Note. See Figure 4.
8.8
Nominal section width
The cross-sectional width of the tyre, after it is installed on the theoretical rim and
inflated according to the specified inflation pressure.
Note. The cross-section width as identified in the tyre size designation.
8.9
Overall width
After inflating as specified, the maximum distance between the two outer sides of
the tyre section, including the increased width of the sign, decorative rib, kerbing
rib.
Note. See Figure 4.
8.10
Section height
After being inflated as specified, half the difference between the overall diameter of
the tyre and the nominal rim diameter.
Note. See Figure 4.
9 Tyre performance and testing
9.1 General terminology for testing
9.1.1
Capped inflation test
The test in which the tyre is inflated to a certain cold inflation pressure, but no air
pressure adjustment is made during the test.
9.1.2
Regulated inflation test
The test in which the tyre is inflated to a certain cold inflation pressure, meanwhile
air pressure adjustment is made during the test.
9.2 Static load performance
9.2.1
Vertical load
The normal reaction force exerted by the tyre on its contact patch.
9.2.2
Static loaded performance
In the stationary state, the relationship between vertical load, tyre deformation and
ground contact area.
9.2.3
Static loaded radius
The vertical distance from the center of the wheel axle to the supporting plane, under
vertical load of static tyre.
9.2.4
Deflection
After the tyre is inflated as specified, the decrease of section height under the action
of static load.
9.2.5
Deflection ratio
The ratio of deflection to tyre section height.
9.2.6
Loaded section width
The width of the tyre section under vertical load.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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