GB/T 40908-2021 PDF in English
GB/T 40908-2021 (GB/T40908-2021, GBT 40908-2021, GBT40908-2021)
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Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture products and related materials -- Flame retardants
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 40908-2021
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GB/T 40908-2021: PDF in English (GBT 40908-2021) GB/T 40908-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.140
CCS Y 80
Method for the determination of prohibited substances in
furniture products and related materials - Flame retardants
阻燃剂
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Principles ... 5
5 Reagents or materials ... 6
6 Instruments and equipment ... 8
7 Samples ... 8
8 Test steps ... 9
9 Processing of test data ... 12
10 Precision ... 14
Appendix A (Informative) Compound names, molecular formulas, qualitative ions, and
quantitative ions of typical PBBs and PBDEs ... 15
Appendix B (Informative) GC-MS selected ion chromatogram of standard samples of
PBBs and PBDEs ... 17
Appendix C (Informative) GC-MS selected ion chromatogram of 6 kinds of OPFR
standard samples ... 19
Method for the determination of prohibited substances in
furniture products and related materials - Flame retardants
Warning -- The personnel using this document shall have practical experience in
formal laboratory work. This document does not indicate all possible safety
issues. The user is responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures
and ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated by relevant national laws
and regulations.
1 Scope
This document describes the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the
determination of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 6
organophosphate flame retardants in furniture products and their raw materials.
This document is applicable to the determination of polybrominated biphenyls,
polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 6 kinds of organophosphorus flame retardants in
furniture products and their raw materials.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Polybromobiphenyls; PBBs
A class of compounds formed by one or more bromine atoms replacing hydrogen atoms
on biphenyls.
Note 1: The specific structural formula is shown in Figure 1.
polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the sample; purify
the extract by the solid-phase silica gel and make the extract concentrate to a constant
volume; then, use a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer to carry out a quantitative
analysis.
4.2 Determination of organophosphate flame retardants
Use an acetone solvent to ultrasonically extract organophosphate flame retardants from
the sample; make the extract concentrate to a constant volume; then, use a gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer to carry out a quantitative analysis.
5 Reagents or materials
Unless otherwise specified, only reagents confirmed to be analytical pure are used in
the analysis.
5.1 N-hexane.
5.2 Dichloromethane.
5.3 Toluene.
5.4 Acetone: chromatographically pure.
5.5 Methanol: chromatographically pure.
5.6 Organic phase filtration membrane: the pore size shall be 0.45 µm.
5.7 Glass sample bottle: it shall be about 50mL, with a sealable cap.
5.8 Silica gel solid-phase extraction cartridge: the specification shall be 500 mg/6 mL
or equivalent; before using, rinse it with 5 mL of n-hexane and dichloromethane mixed
solvent (5.9) to keep it wet.
5.9 Mixed solvent of n-hexane (5.1) and dichloromethane (5.2): measure 2 volumes of
n-hexane (5.1) and 3 volumes of dichloromethane (5.2), and mix them well.
5.10 PBB reference materials: see Appendix A for the names and molecular formulas
of typical polybrominated biphenyls.
5.11 PBB standard stock solution: Weigh an appropriate amount of polybrominated
biphenyls (5.10), then dilute it to 500 mg/L with toluene (5.3), and mix well. Store it in
an airtight place at 0 °C~4 °C, and protect it from light. The certified standard solution
can also be used directly.
5.12 PBDE reference materials: see Appendix A for the names and molecular formulas
series of mixed standard working solutions shall have at least 5 calibration points.
Among them, the mass concentrations of TCEP, TDCPP, and TOCP shall be 0.1
mg/L~10 mg/L, and the mass concentrations of TEPA, DDBPP, and TDBPP shall be 5
mg/L~200 mg/L. The mixed standard working solutions shall be stored at 0 °C~4 °C in
the dark and airtight.
6 Instruments and equipment
6.1 Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS): it shall be equipped with an EI
source.
6.2 Ultrasonic generator: it shall be equipped with a temperature controller; when the
basket does not be placed in it, the power per unit water bath area shall reach at least
0.28 W/cm2.
6.3 Rotary evaporator: its temperature can be controlled to 75 °C, and the vacuum
degree can be up to 3 kPa.
6.4 Pulverizer or similar equipment: pulverizers, scissors, stainless steel blades, etc.
6.5 Analytical balance: it shall be accurate to 0.1 mg; its measuring range shall not be
less than 100 g.
6.6 Nitrogen concentrator.
7 Samples
7.1 Sampling
Cut leather (including natural leather, regenerated leather, artificial leather), fiber fabric,
foamed plastic, plastic, and wood materials from the furniture products and their
materials; if there are other attachments on the sample, remove them by physical
methods; each material needs to be tested separately.
The weight of each sample shall not be less than 10 g, and those less than 10 g shall not
be tested.
7.2 Samples
The cut leather, fiber fabric, and foamed plastic are respectively made into small
samples less than 5 mm × 5 mm.
Use a pulverizer or similar equipment (6.4) to pulverize the cut plastic and wood
materials, and use a standard sieve with a bore diameter of less than 3 mm to screen the
sample.
8 Test steps
8.1 Polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers
8.1.1 Extraction
Use an analytical balance (6.5) to weigh 0.5 g of the sample, and the weight shall be
accurate to 0.1 mg; put it into a glass sample bottle (5.7), add an appropriate amount of
a mixed solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane (5.9), and make the solvent
completely submerge the sample; tighten the bottle cap, place it in an ultrasonic
generator (6.2), and then perform ultrasonic extraction at room temperature for 30 min.
Rinse a silica gel solid-phase extraction cartridge (5.8) with 5 mL of a mixed solvent of
n-hexane and dichloromethane (5.9). Transfer the sonicated solution to the silica gel
solid-phase extraction cartridge (5.8) for purification; wash the sample twice with 20
mL of a mixed solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane (5.9), and the cleaning solution
shall be all passed through the silica gel solid-phase extraction cartridge (5.8) for
purification. Combine the purified extract in a 100 mL round-bottom flask, and
concentrate it to be nearly dry with a rotary evaporator (6.3); then, dilute it with a mixed
solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane (5.9) to a constant volume of 2.0 mL, and use
a 0.45 µm membrane (5.6) to filter it. After filtration, analyze it with a gas
chromatography-mass spectrometer (6.1).
8.1.2 Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions
Ensure the set parameters of the used instrument to be able to separate the tested
component and other components effectively during the chromatographic
determination. Since the test results depend on the used instrument, it is impossible to
give the general parameters of the instrumental analysis. The following parameters have
been proven to be suitable for the testing:
a) Chromatographic column: DB-5HT, 15 m×250 µm×0.10 µm, or other equivalent
chromatographic columns;
b) Carrier gas: helium, purity ≥99.999%;
c) Carrier gas flow rate: 1.8 mL/min;
d) Sample injection method: pulse splitless injection, open the valve after 1.8 min;
e) Temperature of injection port: 280 °C;
f) Injection volume: 1.0 µL;
g) Solvent delay time: 4 min;
a low vacuum; then, placed it in a nitrogen concentrator (6.6), and dry it slowly with
nitrogen at room temperature. Dissolve the residue with 10 mL of acetone (5.4), use a
0.45 µm filter membrane (5.6) to filter it, and analyze it with a gas chromatography-
mass spectrometer (6.1). If necessary, dilute it appropriately before instrumental
analysis.
8.2.2 Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions
Ensure the set parameters of the used instrument to be able to separate the tested
component and other components effectively during the chromatographic
determination. Since the test results depend on the used instrument, it is impossible to
give the general parameters of the instrumental analysis. The following parameters have
been proven to be suitable for the testing:
a) Chromatographic column: DB-5MS quartz capillary column, 30 m×250 µm×0.25
µm, or other equivalent chromatographic columns;
b) Carrier gas: helium, purity ≥99.999%;
c) Carrier gas flow rate: 1.0 mL/min;
d) Sample injection method: splitless injection, open the valve after 1.0 min;
e) Temperature of injection port: 250 °C;
f) Injection volume: 1.0 µL;
g) Solvent delay time: 4 min;
h) Programmed temperature step: initial column temperature shall be 100 °C and
held for 1 min; raise the temperature to 250 °C at a rate of 30 °C/min; then, raise the
temperature to 300 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min and hold it for 3 min;
i) Chromatography-mass spectrometry interface temperature: 280 °C;
j) Ionization method: EI;
k) Ionization energy: 70 eV;
l) Mass scan range: 50 amu~800 amu;
m) Determination method: Selected ion monitoring method.
8.2.3 Standard working curve
The standard working solution is injected and determined according to the analysis
conditions of 8.2.2; use the concentration of the six organophosphate flame retardants
ωi --- The content of each polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl
ether in the sample, in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg);
Ai --- The chromatographic peak area of each polybrominated biphenyl and
polybrominated diphenyl ether in the sample solution;
A0 --- The chromatographic peak area of the blank sample;
As --- The chromatographic peak area of each polybrominated biphenyl and
polybrominated diphenyl ether in the standard working solution;
ρs --- The mass concentration of each polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated
diphenyl ether in the standard working solution, in milligrams per liter (mg/L);
V --- The final volume of the sample solution, in milliliters (mL);
m --- The sample’s weighed mass, in grams (g).
The calculation result is rounded to one decimal place.
9.1.2 Detection limit
The detection limit for each PBB and PBDE in this document is 5 mg/kg.
9.1.3 Recovery rate
The recovery rates above the detection limit for each PBB and PBDE in this document
are 80%~120%.
9.2 Processing of test data of organophosphate flame retardants
9.2.1 Calculation of the result
Calculate the content of each organophosphate flame retardant in the sample according
to formula (2):
Where:
w --- The content of each organophosphate flame retardant in the sample, in
milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg);
ρi --- The mass concentration of each organophosphate flame retardant in the sample
solution read from the standard working curve, in milligrams per liter (mg/L);
ρ0 --- The mass concentration of each organophosphate flame retardant in the blank
solution read from the standard working curve, in milligrams per liter (mg/L);
V --- The final volume of the sample solution, in milliliters (mL);
m --- The sample’s weighed mass, in grams (g).
The calculation result is rounded to one decimal place.
9.2.2 Detection limit
The detection limits of the six organophosphate flame retardants are 35.0 mg/kg (TEPA),
1.0 mg/kg (TCEP), 1.0 mg/kg (TDCPP), 35.0 mg/kg (DDBPP), 1.0 mg/kg (TOCP),
35.0 mg/kg (TDBPP).
9.2.3 Recovery rate
The recovery rate above the detection limit of each organophosphate flame retardant in
this document is 80%~120%.
10 Precision
10.1 Repeatability
In the same laboratory, the same operator uses the same equipment, according to the
same test method, and tests the same test object within a short period. The absolute
difference between the two independent test results obtained from the two tests carried
out independently shall not be greater than 10% of the arithmetic mean of the two
measured values; the situation that the absolute difference is more than 10% of the
arithmetic mean of the two measured values shall not exceed 5%; it is the premise.
10.2 Reproducibility
In different laboratories, different operators use different equipment, according to the
same test method, and test the same test object. The absolute difference between the
two independent test results obtained from the two tests carried out independently shall
not be greater than 20% of the arithmetic mean of the two measured values; the situation
that the absolute difference is more than 20% of the arithmetic mean of the two
measured values shall not exceed 5%; it is the premise.
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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