GB/T 40431-2021 PDF English
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Guidelines for personal safety restraint in electrical operation place
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GB/T 40431-2021: PDF in English (GBT 40431-2021) GB/T 40431-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.020
CCS K 09
Guidelines for Personal Safety Restraint in Electrical
Operation Place
ISSUED ON. AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON. MARCH 1, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 Principles of Electrical Personal Safety Restraint... 6
5 Hazard Identification of Electrical Personal Safety... 7
6 Measures of Electrical Personal Safety Restraint... 8
7 Electrical Safety Restraint of Personnel... 8
7.1 Personnel Information... 8
7.2 Electrical Safety Risks of Personnel... 9
7.3 Measures of Electrical Safety Restraint... 9
8 Electrical Safety Restraint during Man-machine Interaction... 11
8.1 Forms of Man-machine Interaction... 11
8.2 Electrical Safety Risks during Manual Operation... 11
8.3 Electrical Safety Risks during Manual Intervention... 12
8.4 Electrical Safety Risks during Man-machine Collaborative Operation... 12
8.5 Other Electrical Safety Risks... 13
8.6 Measures of Electrical Safety Restraint... 13
9 Electrical Safety Restraint during Personnel Interaction... 14
9.1 Forms of Personnel Interaction... 14
9.2 Electrical Safety Risks during Interactions on Work Contents... 14
9.3 Electrical Safety Risks during Interactions on Non-work Contents... 14
9.4 Measures of Electrical Safety Restraint... 15
Bibliography... 16
Guidelines for Personal Safety Restraint in Electrical
Operation Place
1 Scope
This document establishes the principles of electrical personal safety restraint in electrical
operation place, and provides the contents and measures of electrical safety restraint for
personnel, man-machine interaction and personnel interaction.
This document is applicable to the electrical safety restraint of personnel in places where low-
voltage electrical equipment and systems are operated.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 4025-2010 Basic and Safety Principles for Man-machine Interface, Marking and
Identification - Coding Principles for Indicators and Actuators
GB/T 4026-2019 Basic and Safety Principles for Man-machine Interface, Marking and
Identification - Identification of Equipment Terminals, Conductor Terminations and Conductors
GB/T 4205-2010 Basic and Safety Principles for Man-machine Interface (MMI), Marking and
Identification - Actuating Principles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 22696 (all parts) Electrical Equipment Safety - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
GB/T 29481-2013 Signs for Electrical Safety
GB/T 33980-2017 Guide on Inclusion of Electrical Safety Aspects in Electro-technical Product
Instructions
GB/T 34924-2017 Guidelines for Safety Related Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction for Low
Voltage Equipment
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 Electrical Personal Safety
Electrical personal safety refers to the exemption of personnel from injuries caused by various
electrical accidents in electrical equipment and systems in the electrical field.
3.2 Restraint
Restraint refers to the proposal of measures to ensure personal safety.
3.3 Collaborative Operation
Collaborative operation specifies the behavior of a specially designed electrical equipment and
system in a collaborative workspace with personnel.
[source. GB/T 36008-2018, 3.1, modified]
3.4 Collaborative Workspace
Collaborative workspace refers to a workspace where electrical equipment and systems and
personnel can simultaneously execute tasks during production activities in the operation space.
[source. GB/T 36008-2018, 3.3, modified]
3.5 Protective Separation Distance
Protective separation distance refers to the shortest allowable distance between any hazardous
movable part of electrical equipment and systems and personnel in the collaborative workspace.
[source. GB/T 36008-2018, 3.6, modified]
4 Principles of Electrical Personal Safety Restraint
The electrical personal safety restraint preferentially complies with the relevant regulations on
personal safety protection and the requirements of electrical safety technology for the
acceptable risk level of personnel.
The electrical personal safety restraint should be proposed in accordance with the following
principles, but are not limited to.
---traceability, which is proposed in accordance with the electrical safety risks confronting
personnel in the electrical operation place;
---operability, which is proposed in combination with the performance and application of
electrical equipment and systems;
---time-domain characteristics, which considers the movement trajectories and changes of
personnel and certain equipment (for example, movable equipment) in the electrical
operation place with the passage of time;
---application;
---maintenance and repair.
The electrical safety hazards of electrical equipment and systems are usually triggered by
potential risks or unreasonable design in terms of electric shock, energy, ignition, heat, man-
machine interface and ergonomics, etc. The relevant electrical safety hazards shall comply with
the stipulations of GB/T 22696 (all parts).
The hazard identification of operating scenarios should consider the contents and characteristics
of operating scenarios. The operating scenarios may include routine workspace, safety
protection space, collaborative workspace and environmental factors throughout the site.
Electrical safety hazards of operating scenarios are usually triggered by changes in
environmental factors, unreasonable safety distances (for example, protective separation
distance in collaborative workspace) and unsafe states, for example, overlapped or intersected
movement trajectories.
6 Measures of Electrical Personal Safety Restraint
Electrical safety restraint measures should be taken in accordance with the following priorities
during the design stage.
a) inherent safety measures, which may include inherent safety design measures for
electrical equipment and systems, as well as inherent safety measures for personnel;
b) protective measures, which may include measures proposed for electrical equipment
and systems, such as. hazard protection and enclosure protection, etc., as well as
measures proposed for personnel, for example, wearing protective equipment;
c) information of application, including instructions delivered with electrical equipment
and systems, safety signs on electrical equipment and systems, safety signs in
operation place and operation manuals for personnel, etc.
During the application stage, electrical safety restraint measures should be taken from
additional protective equipment, personal protective equipment and training, etc.
7 Electrical Safety Restraint of Personnel
7.1 Personnel Information
The personnel information that should be considered includes, but is not limited to.
---static information. information that does not change or is at the same level within a
specific period of time, such as. safety skill level, safety experience, risk awareness and
ability to deal with failures, etc.;
---dynamic information. information that changes over the passage of time, such as.
physical health status, psychological status, operation / intervention / collaborative
operation position (spatial extent of task execution) and movement trajectories, etc.;
---ergonomics information, which includes, but is not limited to.
whether the characteristics of the common users of the equipment are considered,
such as. gender, age, dominant hand, height and strength;
whether relevant health factors (for example, physical defects like vision or
hearing impairment) are considered, and whether continuous adjustments are
made in accordance with design improvements.
7.2 Electrical Safety Risks of Personnel
7.2.1 Electrical safety risks triggered by changes of personnel information
Electrical safety risks triggered by changes of personnel static information, dynamic
information and ergonomics information (see 7.1).
7.2.2 Electrical safety risks triggered by electrical operation place
Electrical safety risks triggered by electrical operation place may be considered from the
following factors, but are not limited to.
---as a result of changes in environmental factors, such as. changes in temperature, pressure,
humidity and dust, etc.;
---as a result of unreasonable design of various specific workspaces (routine workspace,
safety protection space and collaborative workspace, etc.).
7.2.3 Electrical safety risks triggered by personnel exposure to hazardous situations
Electrical safety risks triggered by personnel exposure to hazardous situations may be
considered from the following factors, but are not limited to.
---the frequency and time of personnel entering the hazardous area;
---the frequency and time of personnel holding or touching electrical equipment and
systems;
---the cumulative effect and synergistic effect of exposure to the hazardous situation, etc.
7.3 Measures of Electrical Safety Restraint
7.3.1 Inherent safety measures
The inherent safety measures for personnel include, but are not limited to.
---abnormal approaching;
---movement trajectories beyond the safe range, etc.
8.3 Electrical Safety Risks during Manual Intervention
Under some circumstances with auxiliary operations or complex application environments,
where automatic implementation through programs is impossible, manual intervention is
required. Manual intervention may occur in all relevant stages of the life cycle of electrical
equipment and systems (see Chapter 5), such as.
---during the application, when certain functions of automatic and intelligent equipment
require manual intervention;
---during the maintenance, when certain functions of trouble-survey require manual
intervention;
---when emergency measures are taken, etc.
The electrical safety restraint during manual intervention is proposed for the electrical safety
risks generated during this process. Electrical safety risks include unsafe behaviors of personnel
(for example, failures to start or stop in accordance with the stipulations, etc.), unsafe states
(see 7.1) and electrical safety risks of electrical equipment and systems (see Chapter 5).
8.4 Electrical Safety Risks during Man-machine Collaborative Operation
Usually, man-machine collaborative operation occurs more in the application stage of the life
cycle. Man-machine collaborative operation requires the completion of the same task with
electrical equipment and systems in a collaborative workspace. It also involves the forms of
manual operation and manual intervention.
Therefore, the electrical safety restraint of man-machine collaborative operation shall
simultaneously consider the electrical safety risks of manual operation and manual intervention
(see 8.2 and 8.3), as well as the electrical safety risks of man-machine collaborative operation.
The electrical safety risks of man-machine collaborative operation should consider.
---electrical safety risks of personnel (see Chapter 7);
---risks caused by changes in the performance of electrical equipment or systems (such as.
conditions, loads, speeds and accelerations of normal operation, etc.);
---whether the protective separation distance complies with the requirements;
---whether there are overlaps or intersections of the passage routes (such as. personnel
routes, movement routes of electrical equipment or systems, and movement routes of
materials to the work area);
---safety protection measures for the collaborative workspace, etc.
8.5 Other Electrical Safety Risks
In addition to the electrical safety risks of manual operation, manual intervention and man-
machine collaborative operation, other situations that may generate electrical safety risks
should also be considered, which include, but are not limited to.
---accuracy of information acquisition of man-machine interface, such as. digital
information, color information and graphic symbol information, etc.;
---accuracy of information acquisition of safety signs on the equipment, such as. prompts,
warnings and prohibitory identification information, etc.
8.6 Measures of Electrical Safety Restraint
8.6.1 Inherent safety measures
The inherent safety design measures for electrical equipment and systems include, but are not
limited to.
---improve the reliability of electrical equipment and system components;
---improve the electrical insulation structure and insulation coordination, and raise the
insulation level, for example. design double insulation, etc.;
---reduce energy;
---reduce the demand for exposure to hazardous situations;
---replace hazardous or detrimental materials and substances;
---improve physical structure, for example, remove sharp edges and corners, etc.
See 7.3.1 for the inherent safety measures for personnel.
8.6.2 Protective measures
The protective measures for electrical equipment and systems include, but are not limited to.
---fixed baffles, guardrails or fences used to prevent approaching or accessing the
hazardous area, for example, protection provided by enclosure; the relevant
requirements shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 4208-2017;
---chain protection used to prevent accessing the hazardous area;
---emergency stops;
---measures for isolating and dissipating energy, etc.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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