GB/T 39331-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 39331-2020 (GB/T39331-2020, GBT 39331-2020, GBT39331-2020)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 39331-2020 | English | 170 |
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Additive manufacturing - Overview of data processing
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 39331-2020
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GB/T 39331-2020: PDF in English (GBT 39331-2020) GB/T 39331-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.030
J 07
Additive manufacturing - Overview of data processing
(ISO 17296-4:2014, Additive manufacturing - General principles - Part 4:
Overview of data processing, MOD)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 19, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Data exchange ... 5
Annex A (informative) Structural changes between this Standard and ISO
17296-4:2014 ... 12
Annex B (informative) Technical differences between this Standard and ISO
17296-4:2014 and their reasons ... 13
Bibliography ... 15
Additive manufacturing - Overview of data processing
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the basic principles of additive manufacturing data
exchange, gives the terms and definitions used for the exchange of additive
manufacturing information to describe the geometric shape information of parts,
and outlines the file types, data formats, and uses of data exchange methods.
This Standard includes the following:
- it gives a format for realizing data exchange;
- it introduces the development status of additive manufacturing data
processing;
- it outlines the current typical file format types;
- it instructs the standard user to understand the necessary characteristics
of data exchange.
This Standard applies to users and manufacturers of additive manufacturing
processes and software systems, and applies to all additive manufacturing
processes, especially:
- manufacturers of additive manufacturing systems and equipment that
include software;
- software engineers engaged in computer-aided design/computer-aided
engineering (CAD/CAE);
- reverse engineering system developer;
- testers engaged in geometric shape and size inspection.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 35351, Additive manufacturing - Terminology
operation of basic shapes (such as cuboid, wedge, cylinder, cone, sphere, ring).
The second is a curved surface model described by the tortuosity of the solid
object and its material properties.
4.1.2.2 3D digitization (reverse engineering)
Reverse engineering is the process of measuring a physical object or model
with a certain measurement method, and reconstructing the CAD model of the
physical object through a three-dimensional geometric modeling method based
on the measurement data. Reverse engineering is especially suitable for
models drawn based on experience and containing free-form surfaces,
because such models are difficult to generate directly through 3D CAD
modeling.
4.1.2.3 Curved surface reconstruction
Curved surface reconstruction is a means of processing data generated by 3D
digitalization. Based on the point cloud generated by the computer, use
sufficient topological information to generate curves and curved surfaces that
can be described in mathematical language, and fully reproduce the surface of
the object. These data can be stored separately or integrated into the existing
CAD volume model. Use reverse engineering to build a bridge between 3D data
and CAD modeling.
4.1.2.4 Polygon patching/triangular patching
This method uses the 3D digitized point cloud or the 3D CAD modeling volume
model to generate a volume-based surface model. The surface of the object is
represented by many tiny polygonal patches. The number and size of the patch
determine the accuracy of the reconstruction of the actual surface geometry,
and the STL format file is finally generated.
4.1.2.5 Slicing
Slicing is an essential pretreatment stage in all additive manufacturing
processes. Slice the faceted volume model into several continuous layers.
Record the information contained in each layer. The slice contour data is no
longer related to each other in the Z-axis direction. As a result, subsequent
zooms can no longer be performed in the Z axis direction. After setting the
necessary parameters (such as layer thickness), the slicing process is
automatically executed by the software. Other systems require separate
software to prepare and store such layer data.
4.2 Data format
4.2.1 Overview
The initial graphics exchange specification IGES is a kind of CAD data
exchange format. It is used for the exchange of product geometry and
geometric labeling information.
4.2.5 STEP
The product model data exchange standard STEP is a general interface format
used to describe and exchange product model data between different CAD
systems. It can exchange geometric data (such as DXF or IGES) and product
data (such as color, text or layer information). All forms of CAD data models can
be integrated into wireframe models, surface models or volume models through
STEP.
4.2.6 AMF
AMF is an XML-based additive manufacturing data file format that contains
three-dimensional surface geometry description, supports color, material, mesh,
texture, structure and metadata (see GB/T 35352).
4.3 Data preprocessing
4.3.1 Importance of data quality to part quality
Data quality inspection and repair of geometric models based on STL datasets
is a prerequisite to ensure the smooth production of high-quality parts using
additive manufacturing technology. The following are things to note:
- All the surfaces of the surface model should be smoothly connected
together by modification to form a model with a closed surface;
- All surfaces shall be adjusted to clearly identify the volume of the object;
- When making a triangular section, it shall not choose any auxiliary tools
(such as layers, cylinders, axes, elements);
- It is best to convert the surface model to a volume model before proceeding
with the polygon/triangular section.
The poor-quality data shall be repaired and confirmed. It is recommended to
provide accurately dimensioned drawings.
4.3.2 STL output parameters
When inputting the STL data set, the setting of the output parameters
determines the accuracy of the polygon section/triangle section, and then the
accuracy of the obtained geometric model. If the resolution is too low, it will
affect the accuracy and appearance of the model. If the resolution is too high,
it will cause the file to be too large and increase the preprocessing time of the
processing may be required. In this case, when the CAD model is generated,
the size of the relevant parts shall be allowed to be adjusted appropriately.
Related parties shall negotiate in advance to determine the parts to be
processed.
4.3.3.2 Lightweight
Some additive manufacturing technologies generally have the problem of long
cycle and high cost when manufacturing large-size solid parts. Therefore, in the
design stage of such products, the model shall be optimized in structure to
reduce the volume and weight.
4.3.3.3 Part placement and support design
The orientation of the parts will directly affect the quality and manufacturing time
of the parts.
Parts may require support structures during additive manufacturing. The
support structure is usually arranged before the start of manufacturing and
removed after the manufacturing is completed.
User can use options in the system software or separate software tools to
create support structures.
Because the design of the support structure may affect the surface quality of
the part, it shall mark those parts that are not allowed to be supported (see
ISO/ASTM 52921).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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