GB/T 38661-2020 PDF English
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Technical Specifications of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles
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GB/T 38661-2020: Technical Specifications of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT38661-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080
T 47
Technical Specifications of Battery Management
System for Electric Vehicles
Issued on: MARCH 31, 2020
Implemented on: OCTOBER 1, 2020
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 Abbreviations and Symbols... 6
5 Technical Requirements... 7
6 Test Methods... 15
7 Inspection Rules... 22
Appendix A (normative) System Functional Status Level... 26
Appendix B (normative) Test Method for SOC Accumulative Error... 27
Appendix C (informative) SOC Error Correction Speed Test... 30
Appendix D (informative) SOP Estimation Error Test Method... 37
Appendix E (informative) Equilibrium Test Method... 40
Appendix F (informative) Typical Charging and Discharging Working Conditions
of Battery System... 42
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules
of power storage battery management system for electric vehicles (hereinafter referred
to as battery management system).
This Standard is applicable to li-ion power battery and nickel-hydrogen power battery
management system for electric vehicles. The management system of other types of
power storage battery may take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 4365 Electrotechnical Terminology - Electromagnetic Compatibility
GB/T 17626.4-2018 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Testing and Measurement
Techniques - Electrical Fast Transient / Burst Immunity Test
GB/T 18384.3-2015 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Safety Specifications - Part
3.Protection of Persons against Electric Shock
GB/T 18655-2018 Vehicles, Boats, and Internal Combustion Engines - Radio
Disturbance Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement for the Protection
of On-board Receivers
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 19951 Road Vehicles - Disturbances Test Methods for Electrical / Electronic
Component from Electrostatic Discharge
GB/T 21437.2-2008 Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and
Coupling - Part 2.Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only
GB/T 21437.3-2012 Road Vehicles - Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and
Coupling - Part 3.Electrical Transient Transmission by Capacitive and Inductive
Coupling via Lines other than Supply Lines
GB/T 27930 Communication Protocols between Off-board Conductive Charger and
Battery Management System for Electric Vehicle
4 Abbreviations and Symbols
4.1 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are applicable to this document.
BCU. Battery Control Unit
BMS. Battery Management System
FS. Full Scale
NOTE. FS refers to the absolute value of the maximum measurable value of the battery
management system.
SOC. State of Charge
SOP. State of Power
4.2 Symbols
The following symbols are applicable to this document.
C1.1 h rated capacity (Ah).
I1.1 h discharging current (A), whose value equals to the rated capacity.
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 Service Environment
5.1.1 Operating Temperature
-20 °C ~ 65 °C, or, negotiated and determined by OEMs and manufacturers in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 28046.4-2011, and the installation location of
the battery management system.
5.1.2 Storage temperature
-40 °C ~ 85 °C, or, negotiated and determined by OEMs and manufacturers in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 28046.4-2011, and the installation location of
the battery management system.
5.1.3 Operating humidity
5% ~ 95%, or, negotiated and determined by OEMs and manufacturers in accordance
with the stipulations of GB/T 28046.4-2011, and the installation location of the battery
management system.
5.2 Supply Voltage
The range of supply voltage is shown in Table 1, or, negotiated and determined by
OEMs and manufacturers.
5.3 Basic Functional Requirements
5.3.1 The battery management system shall be able to monitor, or through other modes,
obtain battery-related data, which shall include the total voltage of battery system,
secondary cell voltage or cell group voltage, battery module voltage (nickel-metal
hydride battery), battery system current, internal temperature of battery pack and other
parameters.
5.3.2 The battery management system shall be equipped with the functions of fault
diagnosis, fault information recording and fault handling, such as. fault code
submission, real-time warning and fault protection, etc.
5.3.3 The battery management system shall have a self-checking function, which
initially screens and identifies the main functions of the battery management system
and provides early warning of functional abnormalities that would seriously affect the
use and safety.
5.3.4 The battery management system shall have the function of information
interaction with other controllers of the vehicle.
5.3.5 Battery management system with charging process control and management
functions shall be able to implement real-time communication with on-board charger
or off-board charger. The communication protocol with the off-board charger shall
comply with the requirements of GB/T 27930.
5.3.6 Battery management system with insulation resistance value detection function
shall implement monitoring of the insulation resistance of the battery system.
5.3.7 Battery management system with charge and discharge high-voltage interlock
monitoring function shall implement the monitoring of charge and discharge high-
voltage interlock of the battery system.
5.3.8 The battery management system shall be equipped with protection functions to
prevent the battery system from over-charging, over-discharging, over-current and
over-temperature.
5.3.9 The battery management system shall be equipped with SOC estimation function;
Nominal Voltage /V
Supply Voltage /V
Minimum Operating Voltage USmin Maximum Operating Voltage USmax
should have SOP estimation and equilibrium function.
5.4 State Parameter Measurement Accuracy
5.4.1 Total voltage
The detection accuracy of total voltage shall satisfy ± 1% FS.
5.4.2 Total current
5.4.2.1 In terms of li-ion power battery, the detection accuracy of total current shall
satisfy ± 2% FS.
5.4.2.2 In terms of nickel-hydrogen power battery, the detection accuracy of total
current shall satisfy ± 3% FS.
5.4.3 Secondary cell (cell group) voltage
5.4.3.1 In terms of li-ion power battery, the detection accuracy of secondary cell (cell
group) voltage shall satisfy ± 0.5% FS; the absolute value of the maximum error shall
be not more than 10 mV.
5.4.3.2 In terms of nickel-hydrogen power battery, the detection accuracy of secondary
cell (cell group) voltage or module voltage shall satisfy ± 1% FS.
5.4.4 Temperature
5.4.4.1 In terms of li-ion power battery, within the range of -20 °C ~ 65 °C (including -
20 °C and 65 °C), the temperature detection accuracy shall satisfy ± 2 °C; within the
range of -40 °C ~ -20 °C and 65 °C ~ 125 °C (or the highest measured temperature
calibrated by the battery management system), the temperature detection accuracy
shall satisfy ± 3 °C.
5.4.4.2 In terms of nickel-hydrogen power battery, within the range of -20 °C ~ 65 °C
(including -20 °C and 65 °C), the temperature detection accuracy shall satisfy ± 3 °C;
within the range of -40 °C ~ -20 °C and 65 °C ~ 125 °C (or the highest measured
temperature calibrated by the battery management system), the temperature detection
accuracy shall satisfy ± 5 °C.
5.5 SOC Estimation
For pure electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles that can be externally charged,
the accumulative error of SOC estimation of the battery management system shall be
not more than 5%.
For hybrid electric vehicles that cannot be externally charged, the accumulative error
of SOC estimation of the li-ion battery management system shall be not more than
15%; the accumulative error of SOC estimation of the nickel-hydrogen battery
management system shall be not more than 20%.
5.6 Battery Fault Diagnosis
The basic items and expandable items of the battery management system for fault
diagnosis of the battery system are respectively shown in Table 2 and Table 3.The
fault diagnosis items listed in Table 2 are the basic requirements. In accordance with
the functional design of the vehicle and the specific demands for the battery system,
the specific diagnosis content of the battery management system may not be limited
to the items listed in Table 2 and Table 3.
5.7 Insulation Performance
5.7.1 Insulation resistance
The battery management system shall receive the insulation resistance test in
accordance with 6.5.1.When the battery management system is not working, the
insulation resistance between the live parts connected to the power battery and the
terminals of its power supply shall be not less than 10 M; when the battery
management system is working, the insulation resistance between the live parts
connected to the power battery and the terminals of its power supply shall satisfy the
following requirements. at the maximum operating voltage of the power battery, the
insulation resistance of the DC circuit shall be not less than 100 /V, and the insulation
resistance of the AC circuit shall be not less than 500 /V.
NOTE. battery management system is not working means the battery management
system power is off.
5.7.2 Voltage resistance
The battery management system shall receive the voltage resistance test in
accordance with 6.5.2; the leakage current limit shall be determined by OEMs and
manufacturers through negotiation. During the test process, there shall be no
destructive discharge phenomena, such as. breakdown or flashover.
5.8 Electrical Adaptability
5.8.1 DC supply voltage
The battery management system shall be tested in accordance with 6.6.1.The
functional status shall reach Level-A specified in Appendix A.
5.8.2 Overvoltage
The battery management system shall be tested in accordance with 6.6.2.The
functional status shall reach Level-C specified in Appendix A.
5.8.3 Superimposed AC voltage
The battery management system shall be tested in accordance with 6.6.3.When the
nominal voltage is 12 V, the system test severity level is 2.When the nominal voltage
is 24 V, the system test severity level is 3.The functional status shall reach Level-A
specified in Appendix A.
5.8.4 Slow drop and rise of supply voltage
The battery management system shall be tested in accordance with 6.6.4.Within the
range of the supply voltage, the functional status shall reach Level-A as specified in
Appendix A. Beyond the range of the supply voltage, the functional status shall at least
reach Level-C specified in Appendix A.
5.8.5 Transient changes of supply voltage
The battery management system shall be tested in accordance with 6.6.5.The
functional status shall reach Level-C specified in Appendix A.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Test Conditions
6.1.1 Environmental conditions
Unless it is otherwise stipulated, the tests shall be conducted under the environment.
room temperature 25 °C ± 5 °C; relative humidity 15% ~ 90%; atmospheric pressure
86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.2 Test instruments
All the test instruments and equipment shall have sufficient accuracy and stability; the
accuracy shall be an order of magnitude higher than the measured index accuracy, or,
the error shall be less than 1/3 of the allowable error of the measured parameter.
During the test process, if battery simulation system is used, then, the analog
instrument and equipment must satisfy the following conditions.
a) The voltage stabilization accuracy of secondary cell voltage analog equipment
must be less than 1 mV; its power frequency ripple voltage must be less than
0.5 mV;
b) The voltage stabilization accuracy of total voltage analog equipment must be
less than 0.1%; its power frequency ripple voltage must be less than 0.05%;
c) The sampling accuracy of total current signal source must be 0.2%; the
response time must be less than 20 ms.
6.2 State Parameter Measurement Accuracy
6.2.1 General rules
6.2.1.1 In accordance with the requirements of normal operation, assemble and
connect the battery system, or, through the simulation system (the simulation system’s
ripple coefficient, accuracy, stability and other indicators shall reach the corresponding
level that does not affect the test result), provide the electrical signals that the battery
management system needs to monitor; correctly install and arrange the voltage,
current, temperature and insulation resistance of the detection equipment; connect the
working power supply of the battery management system.
6.2.1.2 Compare the data collected by the battery management system (the voltage
acquisition channel of the secondary cell or cell group voltage is not less than the
number of sampling units of one independent power supply; the number of temperature
acquisition channels is not less than 2) with the corresponding data detected by the
detection equipment.
6.2.1.3 Unless it is otherwise stipulated, test temperature refers to the temperature of
the battery management system of the test object.
6.2.1.4 When using battery system for tests, if the battery system cannot satisfy the
set value requirements of the tests, test points may be determined by OEMs and the
manufacturers through negotiation; differential content needs to be stated in the test
report.
6.2.2 Total voltage
At -20 °C ± 2 °C, 25 °C ± 2 °C and 65 °C ± 2 °C (or, it may be determined by OEMs
and the manufacturers through negotiation in accordance with the practical application),
respectively detect 50%, 75% and 100% full-scale total voltage of the battery system.
Compare the data collected by the battery management system with the data
monitored by the detection equipment.
6.2.3 Total current
At -20 °C ± 2 °C, 25 °C ± 2 °C and 65 °C ± 2 °C (or, it may be determined by OEMs
and the manufacturers through negotiation in accordance with the practical application),
respectively detect 0%, ± 50% and ± 100% full-scale total current of the battery system.
Compare the data collected by the battery management system with the data
monitored by the detection equipment.
6.2.4 Secondary cell (cell group) voltage
6.2.4.1 In terms of li-ion battery, at -20 °C ± 2 °C, 25 °C ± 2 °C and 65 °C ± 2 °C (or, it
may be determined by OEMs and the manufacturers through negotiation in
accordance with the practical application), respectively detect 1.5 V, 3 V and 4.5 V
secondary cell voltage (the number of channels is not less than the number of sampling
units of one independent power supply). Compare the data collected by the battery
management system with the data monitored by the detection equipment.
6.2.4.2 In terms of nickel-metal hydride battery, at -20 °C ± 2 °C, 25 °C ± 2 °C and
65 °C ± 2 °C (or, it may be determined by OEMs and the manufacturers through
negotiation in accordance with the practical application), respectively detect module
voltage n 1.0 V, n 1.2 V, n 1.6 V (n is the number of secondary cells connected
in series in the module, where the number of channels is not less than the number of
sampling units of one independent power supply). Compare the data collected by the
battery management system with the data monitored by the detection equipment.
6.2.5 Temperature
At -20 °C ± 2 °C, 25 °C ± 2 °C and 65 °C ± 2 °C (or, it may be determined by OEMs
and the manufacturers through negotiation in accordance with the practical application),
simultaneously place the probe of the temperature measurement device of the battery
management system and the probe of the sensor of the detection equipment at -40 °C,
0 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 125 °C (or the highest measured temperature calibrated by the
battery management system); measure the temperature value. Compare the data
collected by the battery management system with the data monitored by the detection
equipment.
6.2.6 Insulation resistance
Under 50%, 75% and 100% full-scale voltage, respectively connect the total positive
to ground and the total negative to ground of the battery to the insulation resistance
array. In accordance with 80 /V, 100 /V, 300 /V, 500 /V and 2 /V, respectively
control the insulation resistance array to different resistance values. Compare the data
collected by the battery management system with the actual resistance value of the
insulation resistance array.
6.3 SOC Estimation Accuracy
In this Standard, SOC estimation accuracy test includes SOC accumulative error test
and SOC error correction speed test. SOC accumulative error test shall be conducted
in accordance with Appendix B. SOC error correction speed test may be conducted in
accordance with Appendix C. SOC estimation error test caused by battery aging or
other factors shall be negotiated by OEMs and the manufacturers.
6.4 Battery Fault Diagnosis
Through the simulation system, establish triggering conditions that satisfy the fault
items listed in Table 2.Record corresponding fault items and their triggering conditions.
In accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer’s technical specifications,
conduct function confirmation of other fault diagnosis items.
6.5 Insulation Performance
6.5.1 Insulation resistance
6.5.1.1 In accordance with Table 5, apply DC voltage between the live parts connected
to the power battery and the terminals of its power supply; maintain for 60 s.
6.5.1.2 After completing the damp heat cycle test in 6.7.9, place it at room temperature
for 0.5 h. In accordance with Table 5, apply DC voltage between the live parts
connected to the power battery and the terminals of its power supply; maintain for 60
s.
6.5.1.3 During the measurement, if the test object’s insulation monitoring function
would affect the test result, the insulation monitoring function shall be turned off, or, the
insulation resistance monitoring unit shall be disconnected from the test object.
Table 5 -- Test Voltage of Insulation Resistance
6.5.2 Voltage resistance
After completing the damp heat cycle test in 6.7.9, place it at room temperature for 0.5
h. Adopt the test voltage (OEMs shall provide sufficient evidence to prove that the test
voltage can ensure safety) specified by OEMs for tests. If OEMs do not specify the
voltage resistance requirements, then, in accordance with the following requirements,
apply the AC test voltage (50 Hz ~ 60 Hz) specified in 7.3.3.3.2 of GB/T 18384.3-2015;
maintain for 60 s.
---Between terminals with electrical insulation;
---Between the terminal with electrical insulation and the housing with electrically
conductive surface;
---Under the circumstance of plastic housing, between the terminal and the
electrode that encloses the housing.
Rated Voltage of Battery System U/V Voltage of Insulation Resistance Test Instrument/V
Or, DC test voltage may also be applied; the equivalent DC test voltage is 1.41 times
of the AC voltage value.
6.6 Electrical Adaptability
6.6.1 DC supply voltage
In accordance with the stipulations of 4.2 in GB/T 28046.2-2011, conduct DC supply
voltage test.
6.6.2 Overvoltage
In accordance with the stipulations of 4.3 in GB/T 28046.2-2011, conduct overvoltage
test.
7 Inspection Rules
7.1 Inspection Object
Inspection object is divided into three types. battery electronics, battery control unit and
Discharging Mode Direct Contact Discharge Air Discharge
Discharging Voltage (no power) a
Discharging Voltage (with power)
a The functional status A of no-power test is determined after the test.
battery management system. The specific inspection items and inspection objects are
shown in Table 7.
7.2 Inspection Classification
Inspection is divided into exit-factory inspection and type inspection. The specific
inspection item grouping is shown in Table 8, or, is determined by the manufacturers
and testing organizations through negotiation.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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