GB/T 38183-2019 PDF English
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Spoke-plate wheels for motor cycles and mopeds
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GB/T 38183-2019: Spoke-plate wheels for motor cycles and mopeds---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT38183-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.140
T 80
Spoke-plate wheels for motor cycles and mopeds
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 18, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration of Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Requirements ... 5
5 Test methods ... 8
Spoke-plate wheels for motor cycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the requirements and test methods for spoke-plate
wheels for motor cycles and mopeds.
This Standard applies to spoke-plate wheels for motor cycles and mopeds on
the road (hereinafter referred to as “wheels”).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 13202 Series of motorcycle rims
HG/T 2443 Test method of static loaded performance for tyres
QC/T 722 Test method for contour and mopeds rims - Template test
QC/T 725 Test method for calibrated diameter of motorcycles and mopeds
rims using sphere-string ruler
QC/T 726 Test method for calibrated diameter of motorcycles and mopeds
rims using even strap ruler
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
spoke-plate wheels
Wheels that are permanently connected to rims and spokes.
4.1.4.2 After the rotating bending fatigue test, radial load fatigue test and
torsional fatigue test, the radial and axial circle runout of the wheel shall comply
with the provisions of 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.4, respectively.
4.2 Mark
The wheel mark shall be clearly visible. In the position that is easily recognized
when the wheel is mounted on the vehicle, the following marks are engraved:
a) rim specification code;
b) the calibrated maximum design load of the wheel;
c) the wheel manufacturer's trademark or name;
d) date of manufacture or batch number.
For tubeless wheels, the words “TUBELESS” or “tubeless” shall be engraved
after the standard rim code.
4.3 Performance requirements
4.3.1 Rotating bending fatigue performance
After the test of more than 105 cycles according to the provisions of 5.3.1, the
wheel shall be free of damage cracks, breakage, obvious deformation and
abnormal looseness of the joint. The radial and axial circle runout of the wheel
after the test is not more than 2.0 mm.
4.3.2 Radial load fatigue performance
After the test of more than 5 × 105 rpm according to the provisions of 5.3.2, the
wheel shall be free of damage cracks, breakage, obvious deformation and
abnormal looseness of the joint. The radial and axial circle runout of the wheel
after the test is not more than 2.0 mm.
4.3.3 Radial impact performance
After the impact test according to the provisions of 5.3.3, the wheel shall be free
of damage cracks, breakage and abnormal looseness of the joint. The tyre
pressure shall not fall more than 50 % within 30 s after the impact, and the
deformation t (t = B2 - B1, see Figure 2) at the impact position shall not exceed
7 mm.
Deformation at 0.7Fmax value
Sa/mm ≤ 20
NOTE 1: The deformation energy α is the energy absorbed by the wheel during the static
deformation process.
NOTE 2: For FV, see 5.3.1.2.1 for the interpretation of the symbols in formula (1).
4.3.6 Rim and spoke welding strength
After the rim and spoke welding strength test according to the provisions of
5.3.6, under the test load, the welded parts of the wheel rim and spoke shall be
free from tear or visible cracks.
4.3.7 Airtightness (applicable only to tubeless wheels)
In the airtightness test according to the provisions of 5.3.7, when the wheel rim
pressure is maintained for more than or equal to 30 s, there shall be no air
leakage around the rim.
5 Test methods
5.1 Dimensions and tolerances
5.1.1 Rim contour
Inspection of the rim contour dimension is carried out according to the method
specified in QC/T 722.
5.1.2 Rim circumference
Inspection of the rim circumference:
a) Inspection of the diameter (circumference) of MT slant bottom bead seat
rims, DT divided bead seat rims and DC deep groove bead seat rims, is
carried out according to the method specified in QC/T 725.
b) Inspection of the peak diameter (circumference) of WM cylindrical bead
seat rims and slant bottom bead seat rims, is carried out according to the
method specified in QC/T 725.
5.1.3 Wheel runout
Inspection of the radial circle runout and axial circle runout of wheels.
INSTALL the wheel on a dedicated measuring table, TURN it, and MEASURE
the radial and axial circle runout of the wheel using a measuring tool such as a
dial indicator (see Figure 1).
5.3.1.2 Test conditions
5.3.1.2.1 Bending moment
5.3.1.3 The applied bending moment M value is determined according to
formula (1).
where
M - the bending moment, in Newton-meters (N ꞏ m);
μ - the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface, the value
is 0.7;
FV - the wheel’s maximum vertical static load or wheel’s rated load specified
by the vehicle manufacturer or the wheel manufacturer, in Newton (N);
r - the tyre radius, the maximum static radius of the maximum applicable tyre
or the tyre specified by the wheel manufacturer, determined according to
HG/T 2443, in meters (m).
5.3.1.2.2 Load arm length
The load arm length is recommended to be equal to the tyre radius r defined in
5.3.1.2.1.
5.3.1.2.3 Bending moment tolerance
The bending moment M tolerance during the test is ±5 % of the calculated value.
5.3.1.3 Test procedure
FIX the edge of the wheel rim to the turntable. FIX the load arm with sufficient
rigidity to the wheel as the axle mounting form. The test equipment applies the
bending moment M calculated by formula (1). Carry out the rotation test (see
Figure 3).
5.3.1.4 Inspection of damage crack after test
Damage cracks can be inspected using visual inspection, X-ray flaw detector
or penetrant testing.
5.3.2 Radial load fatigue test
5.3.2.1 Test equipment
Q - the radial load, in Newton (N);
Sr - the strengthen test coefficient, of which the value is 2.25;
FV - according to the interpretation of the symbols in formula (1) in 5.3.1.2.1.
5.3.2.2.2 Tyre pressure
The test tyre pressure is the pressure corresponding to the maximum design
load of the tyre, and the error is ±10 kPa.
5.3.2.2.3 Radial load fluctuation tolerance
The load fluctuation tolerance during the test is ±5 %.
5.3.2.2.4 Tyre failure
In the event of a tyre failure, the test shall continue after the tyre has been
replaced.
5.3.2.3 Test procedure
Wheels with tyres shall be installed on the test equipment in the same manner
as they are installed on a vehicle (see Figure 4). The tyre pressure shall be
inflated as required by 5.3.2.2.2, and then the radial load Q shall be applied
according to the calculated value of formula (2). At the same time, the drum is
driven to rotate for test. The applied load direction shall be on the line
connecting the center of the wheel and the center of the drum.
5.3.2.4 Inspection of damage crack after test
Damage cracks can be inspected using visual inspection, X-ray flaw detector
or penetrant testing.
5.3.3 Radial impact test
5.3.3.1 Test equipment
The schematic diagram of the test equipment is as shown in Figure 5 and
Figure 6, which shall meet the following requirements:
a) the test fixture for the installation of the wheel shall have sufficient rigidity
and strength;
b) the impact hammer with a hammer width not less than 1.5 times the rim
width shall be able to fall freely to impact the wheel/tyre assembly.
Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of radial impact test (single hammer)
m1 - the mass of the primary hammer, in kilograms (kg);
m2 - the mass of the secondary hammer including the spring, equal to 40 kg.
5.3.3.2.4 Impact hammer mass and fall height tolerances
The tolerance calculation method is as follows:
a) the impact hammer mass ms or md tolerance is ±2 % of the calculated
value;
b) the fall height tolerance shall be ±1 % of the specified value.
5.3.3.3 Test procedure
According to the assembly method of the wheel on the vehicle, the wheel
equipped with the minimum applicable tyre or the tyre specified by the
manufacturer is installed on the workbench, and the tyre shall be inflated
according to the inflation pressure given by the formula (3). According to the
hammer mass ms or md given by formula (4) or formula (5) and the fall height
given in 5.3.3.2.2, adjust the relative position to ensure that the velocity vector
passes the weakest position on the wheel circumference at the moment of
impact (see Figure 5, Figure 6). The impact force shall pass through the
centerline of the wheel.
5.3.3.4 Inspection of damage crack after test
Damage cracks can be inspected using visual inspection, X-ray flaw detector
or penetrant testing.
5.3.3.5 Arbitration after test
In the arbitration test, the single hammer impact test shall prevail.
5.3.4 Torsional fatigue test
5.3.4.1 Test equipment
The test equipment shall be capable of applying a reciprocating torsional
moment between the hub and the rim, as shown in Figure 7.
5.3.4.3 Torsional moment tolerance
The torsional moment T tolerance during the test is ±5 %.
5.3.4.4 Load arm length
The load arm length is recommended to be equal to the tyre radius r defined in
5.3.1.2.1.
5.3.4.5 Test procedure
FASTEN the edge of the rim to the workbench (see Figure 7), and APPLY the
torsional moment T given by formula (7) to the rim repeatedly through the hub
contact.
5.3.4.6 Inspection of damage crack after test
Damage cracks can be inspected using visual inspection, X-ray flaw detector
or penetrant testing.
5.3.5 Static load performance test
5.3.5.1 Test apparatus
The test apparatus is as shown in Figure 8, which shall meet the following
requirements:
a) the test apparatus shall be provided with means to apply a radial load to
the wheel at a constant speed;
b) the test apparatus shall be provided with means for recording the
synchronized deformation produced by the wheel during the loading
process;
c) the support table shall have sufficient strength and suitable fixtures to
ensure that the wheel do not cause any sloshing during the test;
d) the width of the cylindrical presser foot is not less than 1.5 times the width
of the rim.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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