GB/T 36672-2018 PDF English
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Lithium-ion battery for electric mopeds and motorcycles
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GB/T 36672-2018: PDF in English (GBT 36672-2018) GB/T 36672-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.140
T 85
Lithium-ion battery for electric mopeds and motorcycles
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 17, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols ... 5
4 Models of battery module ... 8
5 Battery system requirements ... 10
6 Test methods ... 15
7 Identification ... 19
8 Packaging, transportation, storage ... 20
Appendix A (Informative) Dimensions and specifications series of battery module . 21
Appendix B (Informative) Typical structure of battery system ... 22
Appendix C (Informative) CAN communication protocol of battery control unit (BCU)
... 24
Appendix D (Informative) Control line connector ... 27
References ... 28
Lithium-ion battery for electric mopeds and motorcycles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the module model, battery system requirements, test methods,
identification, packaging, transportation, storage of lithium-ion batteries for electric
motorcycles and electric mopeds.
This standard applies to lithium-ion battery systems for electric motorcycles and
electric mopeds.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB 2894-2008 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 2900.41 Electrotechnical terminology - Primary and secondary cells and
batteries
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 5013.1 Rubber insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750
V - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 5023.1 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and
including 450/750 V - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 18384.1-2015 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications -
Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (REESS)
GB/T 18384.3-2015 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications -
Part 3: Protection of persons against electric shock
GB/T 18455-2010 Package recycling marking
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 19666 Flame retardant and fire resistant wires and cables
GB 21966-2008 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during
transport
GB/T 31467.3-2015 Lithium-ion traction battery pack and system for electric
vehicles - Part 3: Safety requirements and test methods
GB/T 31485 Safety requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric
vehicle
GB/T 31486 Technical requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric
vehicle Electrical performance
QC/T 413 Basic technical requirements for automotive electric equipment
QC/T 417.2 Road vehicles - Connections for on-board electrical wiring harnesses -
Part 2: Test methods and general performance requirements (motorcycle part)
QC/T 1067.1-2017 Road vehicles - Connections for on-board electrical wiring
harnesses - Part 1: Definitions, test methods and general performance requirements
QC/T 1067.2-2017 Road vehicles - Connections for on-board electrical wiring
harnesses - Part 2: Types and dimensions of plug terminals
QC/T 1067.3-2017 Connector used automobile wire harness and electrical device -
- Part 3: Type, dimension and special requirement of the ring terminal
3 Terms, definitions, symbols
The terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 2900.41 and GB/T 19596, as well
as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document. For ease of use, some
terms and definitions in GB/T 19596 are repeated below.
3.1
Secondary cell
A basic unit device, that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy,
including electrodes, separators, electrolytes, housings, terminals. It is designed to
be rechargeable.
[GB/T 31485-2015, Definition 3.1]
3.2
Battery module
A combination of more than one single battery in series, parallel or series-parallel,
The energy code of the battery module is represented by three digits from 0 to 9, which
is one digit after the decimal point. If it does not reach hundreds place, it is padded with
0 in front. The unit is kilowatt-hour (kWh).
4.2.6 Rated voltage code of battery module X17X18X19
The rated voltage code of the battery module is represented by three digits from 0 to 9,
which are integers AND the unit is volts (V). If it does not reach hundreds place, it is
padded with 0 in front.
4.3 Example of battery module model
Example: EMD439220080014021061.
The meaning is: lithium-ion battery modules for electric motorcycles and electric
mopeds; the positive electrode material of the battery is a ternary material; the length,
width, height of the battery module are 439 mm, 220 mm, 80 mm, respectively; the
mass is 14 kg; the energy is 2.1 kWh; the rated voltage is 61 V.
5 Battery system requirements
5.1 General requirements
The battery system shall have the functions of information collection, information
transmission, safety monitoring. The battery system should have a thermal management
system, to keep the battery system working within the normal operating temperature
range. Refer to Appendix B for the typical structure of the battery system.
The arrangement of the battery system shall be convenient for inspection and
maintenance. Measures shall be taken for reliable isolation of the locations, which are
prone to impact, contamination, exposure to sunlight, water immersion. If unavoidable,
effective protection shall be taken.
5.2 Requirements for working environment
Working temperature: -20 °C ~ 60 °C. Relative humidity: 5% ~ 95%.
5.3 Electrical performance
5.3.1 Discharge capacity at room temperature
When the battery system is tested according to 6.2.1, its discharge capacity shall not be
lower than the rated capacity; it shall not exceed 110% of the rated capacity; the initial
capacity range of all test samples shall not be greater than 7% of the average initial
capacity.
5.3.2 Electrical performance of battery cell and module
The electrical properties of battery cells and modules shall meet the requirements of
GB/T 31486.
5.3.3 Cycle life
When the battery system is tested according to 6.2.2, the discharge capacity shall not
be lower than 90% of the initial capacity, when the number of cycles reaches 300; OR
the discharge capacity shall not be lower than 80% of the initial capacity, when the
number of cycles reaches 600.
5.3.4 Uniformity of temperature field
The uniformity of the internal temperature field of the battery system shall be
maintained. The temperature difference of the internal temperature field of the battery
system shall not be greater than 8 °C, when the battery system is tested in 6.2.3.
5.3.5 Rated voltage grade
The recommended rated voltage grade series, for the battery system, are 48 V, 60 V, 72
V, 84 V, 96 V, 144 V.
5.3.6 Insulation resistance of battery system
For battery systems, which have class B voltage circuits, the insulation resistance shall
meet the requirements of 5.1.4 of GB/T 18384.1-2015. Meanwhile, it shall be
monitored in real time.
5.3.7 High-voltage power failure protection
The battery system, whose rated voltage is higher than 60 V d.c., shall have an
automatic power-off device.
5.4 Environmental reliability
5.4.1 Temperature shock
When the battery system is tested according to 6.3.1, the results shall meet the following
requirements:
a) The minimum monitoring unit of the system has no sharp voltage changes; the
system has no leakage, shell rupture, fire, explosion, etc.;
b) After the test, the insulation resistance value is not less than 100 Ω/V.
5.4.2 Damp heat cycle
When the battery system is tested according to 6.3.2, the results shall meet the
requirements of 5.4.1a) and 5.4.1b).
a) The battery management system shall work; the system shall be free from leakage,
shell rupture, fire, explosion, etc.;
b) Meet the requirements of 5.4.1b).
5.6.2.2 Over-discharge protection
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.2, the results shall meet the
requirements of 5.6.2.1a) and 5.4.1b).
5.6.2.3 Over-temperature protection
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.3, the results shall meet the
requirements of 5.6.2.1a) and 5.4.1b).
5.6.2.4 Short-circuit protection
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.4, the results shall meet the
requirements of 5.6.2.1a) and 5.4.1b).
5.6.2.5 Seawater immersion
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.5, it is required that the system
does not catch fire or explode.
5.6.2.6 External fire
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.6, it is required that the system has
no explosion. If there is a flame, it shall be extinguished, within 2 minutes after the fire
source is removed.
5.6.2.7 Drop
When the battery system is tested according to 6.5.2.7, it is required that the system has
no electrolyte leakage, fire, explosion, etc.
5.7 Battery control unit BCU
5.7.1 Information displayed by BCU output
The content, which is displayed by the BCU output, shall include at least the following
information:
a) Battery pack's SOC progress bar, SOC value;
b) Charging indication (identification light with charging graphic);
c) Full charge indication (full charge graphic identification light or full charge sound
indication);
d) Battery failure indication (battery failure graphic identification light or failure
sound).
5.7.2 Battery data collection
It has data collection of cell voltage, cell temperature, total current, total voltage,
charging and discharging times, maximum charging current of the battery system; such
data can be stored to a limited extent.
5.7.3 Fault alarm
It has the cell overvoltage alarm, temperature alarm, overcurrent alarm, insulation fault
alarm, output alarm signal, alarm indication.
5.7.4 Charge and discharge protection of battery
It has the functions of voltage protection and temperature protection of battery cell,
communicates with the charger; it has the function of cutting off the main circuit of
battery charging and discharging.
5.7.5 CAN communication function between BCU and vehicle controller, motor
controller, charger
See Appendix C, for the CAN communication protocol, between BCU and vehicle
controller, motor controller, charger.
5.8 Power circuit
5.8.1 Fuse control
The battery system shall have a circuit fuse controller. The fast fuse shall be suitable
for reliable arc breaking during DC breaking, the casing is intact, there is no arcing.
5.8.2 Power cable and installation
5.8.2.1 The current-carrying area of the power cable shall meet the maximum current
requirements, in the use of the vehicle; the selection of the wire diameter shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 5013.1 and GB/T 5023.1.
5.8.2.2 The flame retardant and fire resistance properties of power cables shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 19666.
5.8.2.3 The installation and binding shall ensure that the power cables are resistant to
vibration and not loose.
5.8.3 Power cable connector
5.8.3.1 The power cable connector shall have reliable power transmission capability.
The accuracy of measuring instruments and meters shall meet the following
requirements:
a) Voltage measuring device: Not less than 0.5 grade;
b) Current measuring device: Not less than 0.5 grade;
c) Temperature measuring device: ≤ ±0.5 °C;
d) Time measuring device: ≤ ±0.1%;
e) Dimensional measuring device: ≤ ±0.1%;
f) Mass measuring device: ≤ ±0.1%.
6.1.3 Other test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, when the battery system is tested for environmental
reliability, mechanical reliability, safety, the test is carried out in the fully charged state,
which is specified by the manufacturer.
6.2 Electrical properties
6.2.1 Discharge capacity at room temperature
Test the discharge capacity at room temperature, as follows:
a) The battery system is charged, according to the method specified by the
manufacturer;
b) At room temperature, the battery system is discharged, at a current of 1I1(A), to
the voltage of any single battery to the end-of-discharge voltage;
c) Meter the discharge capacity;
d) Repeat steps a) ~ c) 5 times. When the range of the results of the three consecutive
tests is less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test can be terminated in advance;
take the average value of the results of the last three tests.
6.2.2 Standard cycle life
Test the standard cycle life, as follows:
a) Discharge, at 1I1(A), until the voltage of any single cell of the battery reaches the
end-of-discharge voltage, which is specified in the manufacturer's technical
conditions.
b) Shelving shall not be less than 30 min OR the shelving time as specified by the
manufacturer.
c) Charge according to the charging method, which is provided by the enterprise; if
the manufacturer does not provide a charging method, then charge it, at a constant
current of 1I3(A), to the end-of-charge voltage, which is specified in the technical
conditions of the enterprise; then switch to constant-voltage charging; stop
charging, when the end-of-charge current drops to 0.05I1(A).
d) Shelving shall not be less than 30 min OR the shelving time as specified by the
manufacturer.
e) Discharge at 1I1(A), until the voltage of any single battery cell reaches the
discharge termination voltage, which is specified in the manufacturer's technical
conditions. Record the discharge capacity.
f) Repeat 300 cycles, according to b) ~ e). If the discharge capacity is higher than
90% of the initial capacity, terminate the test; if the discharge capacity is lower
than 90% of the initial capacity, continue to 300 cycles.
g) Measure the discharge capacity and discharge energy, at room temperature.
6.2.3 Uniformity of temperature field
In the lithium-ion battery system, evenly select more than 3 single battery anode and
cathode columns, as temperature collection points. Place the lithium-ion battery pack
in a constant temperature test chamber. Set the test temperature to be 0 °C, 25 °C, 55 °C,
respectively. Charge at 1I3(A) constant current, to the end-of-charge voltage, which is
specified in the manufacturer's technical conditions. Then switch to constant-voltage
charge. Stop charging, when the end-of-charge current drops to 0.1I3 (A). After charging,
shelve for 1 h (or the shelving time of not more than 1 h, as provided by the enterprise).
Discharge at 1I1(A) current, to the termination conditions, which are specified by the
manufacturer. Record the temperature of each collection point, during the whole
charging and discharging process. Calculate the difference, between the maximum
temperature and the minimum temperature, at each time point.
6.3 Environmental reliability
6.3.1 Temperature shock
The battery system is placed in an alternating temperature environment of (-40 ± 2) °C
~ (85 ± 2) °C. The switching time, between the two extreme temperatures, is within 30
min. The test objects are kept in each extreme temperature environment for 8 hours and
cycled 5 times. Observe it for 2 h, at room temperature.
6.3.2 Damp heat cycle
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.8 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.3.3 Salt spray
6.5.2.2 Over-discharge protection
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.16 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.5.2.3 Over-temperature protection
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.13 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.5.2.4 Short-circuit protection
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.14 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.5.2.5 Seawater immersion
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.9 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.5.2.6 External fire
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.10 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
6.5.2.7 Drop
It is carried out, according to the test method in 7.3 of GB/T 31467.3-2015.
7 Identification
7.1 The identification of the battery system shall be clearly visible on the vehicle; the
identification shall not easily fall off; it shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 4
of GB/T 18384.1-2015.
7.2 There shall be warning signs on the surface of the battery chamber, which shall meet
the requirements of 2-7, in Table 2 of GB 2894-2008.
7.3 The battery system shall have a recyclable sign. The selection of the recycling sign
shall comply with the relevant provisions, in Table 1 of GB/T 18455-2010.
7.4 The interface of the external power cable and control cable of the battery system
shall be clearly marked.
7.5 The signs of prohibitions, warnings, instructions shall comply with the provisions
of 4.1 ~ 4.3 of GB 2894-2008.
7.6 The battery box assembly needs to be marked with polarity. The polarity
identification mark shall be located close to the terminal post. The following identifiers
can be used:
a) Positive terminal - Use the symbol "+" or the word "positive";
b) Negative terminal - Use the symbol "-" or the word "negative".
8 Packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Packaging
The packaging of lithium-ion batteries shall meet the requirements of 4.2 of GB 21966-
2008.
8.2 Transportation
8.2.1 The battery system shall be transported in an incompletely discharged state. The
remaining power is determined, according to the transportation time and self-discharge
rate. The remaining power shall not be less than the value, which is recommended by
the manufacturer.
8.2.2 During transportation, it shall be prevented from violent vibration, shock, sun
exposure, rain. It shall be equipped with fire-fighting equipment, such as carbon dioxide
fire extinguishers, that can extinguish category E fires.
8.2.3 The electrical interface shall be protected, during transportation.
8.3 Storage
8.3.1 The battery system should be stored in a ventilated, clean, dry room, which has a
temperature of 5 °C ~ 40 °C. Avoid direct sunlight. The distance from the heat source
shall not be less than 2 m.
8.3.2 During the storage period of the battery system, the SOC is 50% or the value
recommended by the manufacturer.
8.3.3 The battery system shall not be placed upside down or lying down. It shall avoid
mechanical shock or heavy pressure.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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