GB/T 23821-2022 PDF English
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Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
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[GB/T 23821-2009] Safety of machinery. Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
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GB/T 23821-2022: Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.110
CCS J 09
GB/T 23821-2022 / ISO 13857.2019
Replacing GB/T 23821-2009
Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent
Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
(ISO 13857.2019, IDT)
Issued on. NOVEMBER 08, 2022
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 08, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 8
3 Terms and Definitions... 8
4 Safety Distances to Prevent Reach or Access by Upper and Lower Limbs... 9
4.1 General... 9
4.1.1 Assumptions... 9
4.1.2 Risk assessment... 9
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs... 10
4.2.1 Reaching upwards... 10
4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures... 11
4.2.3 Reaching around... 13
4.2.4 Reaching through openings... 14
4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances... 17
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs... 18
4.4 Consideration of whole body access... 19
Annex A (Informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with Intermediate Values... 21
Annex B (Informative) Distances to Impede Free Access by Lower Limbs... 25
Bibliography... 27
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This Document replaced GB/T 23821-2009 Safety of Machinery - Safety Distances to Prevent
Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs. Compared with GB/T 23821-2009,
the major technical changes of this Document are as follows besides the structural adjustments
and editorial modifications.
a) Add the term and definition of “reference plane” (see 3.2 of this Edition);
b) Change the requirements for the risk assessment (4.1.2 of this Edition; 4.1.2 of 2009
Edition);
c) Change the requirements for preventing hazard zones being reached over protective
structures (see 4.2.2 of this Edition; 4.2.2 of 2009 Edition);
d) Add the requirements for whole body access to (hazard zones) (see 4.4 of this Edition).
This Document equivalently adopts ISO 13857.2019 Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to
Prevent Hazard Zones being Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs. Compared with ISO
13857.2019, this Document made the following editorial modifications.
--- Modify the editorial errors in ISO 13857.2019; change the “height of hazard zone α”,
“height of protective structure b” and “horizontal safety distance to hazard zone c” in
Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3 into “height of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to
the area of upper limb reach hh”, “height of protective structure hps” and “horizontal
safety distance of the pint of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area of upper limb
reach sh”, respectively.
Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this
Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents.
This Document was proposed by and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Machinery Safety of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 208).
Drafting organizations of this Document. Nantong Wealth Machinery Technical Co., Ltd.;
RHINE Precision Alloy (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Liwang High-Tech Co., Ltd.; Ningbo
Vichnet Technology Co., Ltd.; Sicher Elevator Co., Ltd.; Liyang Elevator Engineering Co., Ltd.;
Center Testing International Group Co., Ltd.; Yongkang Weige Industrial & Trading Co., Ltd.;
Jinhua Xinhui Automation Equipment Co., Ltd.; Zhejiang Aopeng Industry and Trading Co.,
Ltd.; China Productivity Center for Machinery; Nanjing Forestry University; Pilz Electronics
(Changzhou) Co., Ltd.; Suzhou Angao Intelligent Security Technology Co., Ltd.; Nanjing
University of Science and Technology; Sichuan Shuxing Youchuang Security Technology Co.,
Ltd.; Suzhou Institute of Quality and Standardization; Hangzhou Fengheng Electromechanical
Co., Ltd.; Foshan BeSure Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.; Chen Hsong Machinery
(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Bright Dream Robotics Co, Ltd.; Hubei Merit Automobile
Air Conditioner System Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Sunli Intelligent Logistics Equipment Co., Ltd.;
Jizhong Energy Handan Mining Group Company Limited; Zhengzhou Tiei Extraction
Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Xinruan Technology Co., Ltd.; Fujian Heyu Home
Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Yonghui Technology Co., Ltd.; Xi’an Kitinge Testing Co.,
Ltd.; Guangdong Quanwei Industrial Technology Co., Ltd.; Yiwu Hongtao Mold Co., Ltd.;
Shaanxi Jinyoubang Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangdong Xueying Electric Co., Ltd.; Shaanxi
Fanbiao Software Co., Ltd.; and Dongguan Association for Promotion of Standard and Industry
Integration.
Chief drafting staffs of this Document. Chen Miaoren, Shi Zhiyong, Zhang Xiuzhuo, Sun
Chunyang, Wang Lidong, Zhang Zaichun, Huang Zhijiong, Liu Zhishui, Yu Bo, Liu Panchao,
Peng Fusheng, Tu Yingjian, Li Qin, Qin Peijun, Li Liyan, Pang Pengbo, Cheng Hongbing, Ju
Likai, Jiang Yueming, Xu Fengge, Fu Huiqing, Weng Lijun, Ju Ronghua, Huang Qing, Cao
Zhiyong, Hou Hongying, Chen Nengyu, Du Xin, Chen Zhuoxian, Zhou Guangyue, Xue
Wenchao, Dong Kaibo, Zhao Linxiang, Song Xiaoning, Zhang Yuhang, Zhao Baolin, Liu
Zheng, Tang Xiaoren, Liu Ying, Zhao Xiaofei, Ye Guanlin, Chen Kaihua, Chen Ying, Wu
Caichun, Wang Zhewei, Ye Jianhong, and Wang Guangjian.
The historical editions replaced by this Document are as follows.
--- GB 12265.1-1997 was first-time published in 1997;
--- GB 12265.2-2000 was first-time published in 2000;
--- GB 23821-2009 was first-time published in 2009, which was transferred into GB/T
23821-2009 in 2017;
--- It is first-time revised hereby.
1 Scope
This document establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are
appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free
access by the lower limbs (see Annex B).
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk
Assessment and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100.2010, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and
the following apply.
Level at which persons would normally stand during the use of the machine or access to the
hazard zone.
4 Safety Distances to Prevent Reach or Access by Upper and Lower Limbs
Safety distances are determined if the hazard to be considered has been identified as significant
(see GB/T 15706-2012, 3.8). All reasonably foreseeable access means shall be taken into
account.
The safety distances, sr, given in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the
lower limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone.
Annex A
(Informative)
Use of Tables 1 and 2 with Intermediate Values
The following examples explain the use of the tables referred to in 4.2.2.2 when values other
than those given in these tables themselves will be used. For the examples, Table 2 is used.
Annex B
(Informative)
Distances to Impede Free Access by Lower Limbs
In some cases (e.g. mobile agricultural machines designed to move over uneven ground), the
safety distances given in this document cannot be applied. In such cases, at least protective
structures to restrict the free movement of the lower limbs should be used. For this method, the
values given in this Annex can be used.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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