GB/T 22395-2022 PDF English
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GB/T 22395-2022: Specification for design of boiler steel structures---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT22395-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.060.30
CCS J 98
Replacing GB/T 22395-2008
Specification for design of boiler steel structures
Issued on. JULY 11, 2022
Implemented on. FEBRUARY 01, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 General requirements... 8
5 Provisions on deformation of materials, design indicators, structural (component).. 9
6 Arrangement of boiler steel structure... 15
7 Actions and combinations of effects... 17
8 Structural analysis... 32
9 Beam design... 33
10 Column design... 57
11 Design of support system... 97
12 Connection design... 104
13 Check calculation of seismic bearing capacity of connection joints of boiler steel
structure and seismic construction measures... 141
14 Anti-rust and anti-corrosion treatment of boiler steel structure... 147
1 Scope
This document specifies the design principles and methods for steel structures of
supported and suspended boilers.
This document applies to the design of steel structures for supported and suspended
boilers.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 1228 High strength bolts with large hexagon head for steel structures
GB/T 1229 High strength large hexagon nuts for steel structures
GB/T 1230 High strength plain washers for steel structures
GB/T 1231 Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon head, large
hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures
GB/T 1591 High strength low alloy structural steels
GB/T 3632 Sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain washer
for steel structures
GB/T 5117 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine
grain steels
GB/T 5118 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep-resisting
steels
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Frame structure
A structure, which is capable of resisting shear and bending AND is composed of
columns and beams rigidly connected.
3.2 Frame-bracing structure
A structure, that consists of a frame and braces AND together forms a lateral force-
resistant system.
3.3 Bracing structure
A structure, in the plane where the beam-column member is located, where bracing
members are arranged obliquely, to support the axial stiffness against lateral action.
3.4 Main column
A column, which mainly bears the boiler body load, wind load, seismic action.
3.5 Main boiler support level
The general term for the load beam, on the top of the boiler steel structure, to
suspend or support the boiler body.
3.6 Main girder
Beams in the main boiler support level, that directly transfer the boiler body loads
to the columns.
4 General requirements
4.1 The steel structure of the boiler supports the components of the boiler body;
maintains their relative positions; bears wind load, snow load, seismic action; bears the
load provided by the design organization of the power station and the load approved to
act on the steel structure of the boiler. Except for special requirements, boiler steel
structures do not directly bear dynamic loads.
4.2 When designing boiler steel structures, structural schemes, materials, connection
methods and structural measures shall be reasonably selected, to meet the strength,
stability and rigidity requirements of structural components, during transportation,
installation, use.
4.5 When designing the boiler steel structure, according to the limit state of bearing
capacity, the basic combination and accidental combination of load (action) effects shall
be adopted. When designing the boiler steel structure, according to the limit state of
normal service, the standard combination of load (action) effects shall be adopted.
4.6 The steel structure of boilers, in areas with seismic fortification intensity of 6
degrees or above, shall be subjected to seismic design. This document is applicable to
the design of boiler steel structures, in areas with seismic fortification intensity ranging
from 6 to 9 degrees. When the seismic fortification intensity is greater than 9 degrees,
it shall follow special provisions.
4.7 The steel structure of boilers, which adopts open-air layout and tight enclosure, shall
be checked for wind resistance.
4.12 The structural safety level of the steel structure of the boiler is Class II; the
importance factor (γ0) is taken as 1.0.
4.13 The natural environmental conditions, which are required for boiler steel structure
design, are.
4.14 The boiler steel structure, which is designed according to this document, shall be
manufactured and inspected, according to NB/T 47043.
5 Provisions on deformation of materials, design indicators, structural (component)
5.1 The steel structure of the boiler shall be selected, according to the importance of the
structure and the working environment and other factors. The main stress structure of
the boiler steel structure should adopt Q235 steel, Q355 steel, Q390 steel, Q420 steel;
its quality shall meet the requirements of GB/T 700 and GB/T 1591, respectively. When
there is a reliable basis, other designations of steel can be used.
5.2 The steel of the main stress-bearing components shall have the qualification
assurance of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, cold bending test,
sulfur and phosphorus content. The welding structure shall have the qualification
assurance of carbon equivalent.
5.3 The steel, which is used for the main lateral force-resisting members of the boiler
steel structure for seismic fortification, shall meet the following requirements.
5.4 The quality grade of the main stress-bearing members of the steel structure of the
boiler shall be adopted, in accordance with Table 1.
5.5 For steel structures that adopt welded connections, when the thickness of the steel
plate is not less than 40 mm AND there is a relatively high tearing force along the
direction of the plate thickness, including the effect of high restraint tensile stress, it
should use a Z15-grade steel plate with thickness direction properties; its quality shall
meet the requirements of GB/T 5313.
5.6 When the thickness of the main girder is greater than 40 mm, the raw materials
should be supplied, in a normalized state.
5.7 Q235 steel or Q355 steel can be used for anchor bolts; its quality grade shall meet
the requirements in Table 1.
5.8 The high-strength bolt connection pair shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1228,
GB/T 1229, GB/T 1230, GB/T 1231 or GB/T 3632.Its material and mechanical
properties of bolts are as specified in Table 2.
5.9 The strength design index of hot-rolled steel shall be adopted, according to Table 3.
Category Performance grade Recommended materials
5.10 The electrodes, which are used for manual welding, shall meet the requirements
of GB/T 5117 or GB/T 5118.The welding wire and corresponding flux, which are used
in automatic welding or semi-automatic welding, shall comply with the provisions of
GB/T 5293 and GB/T 12470.
5.11 The strength design index of the weld shall be adopted, according to Table 4;
meanwhile, it shall meet the following requirements.
5.15 The horizontal displacement of the structure should not exceed the allowable value,
which is listed in Table 7.
5.16 Under the action of permanent load and variable load, the deflection value of the
beam should not exceed the allowable value, which is listed in Table 8.
5.17 The settlement difference of the foundation shall not be greater than 1/1000 of the
distance between adjacent columns.
6 Arrangement of boiler steel structure
6.1 Classification of boiler steel structures
6.1.1 According to the characteristics of lateral force resistance of the structure, the
structural system of boiler steel structure can be divided into frame structure, frame-
bracing structure, bracing structure.
6.1.2 According to the fixing method of boiler body parts, boiler steel structure can be
divided into supporting type and suspension type.
6.2 Layout principles of boiler steel structure
6.2.1 For the steel structure of the boiler, it shall, based on the characteristics of the
boiler and the external conditions, select a structural system with good load-bearing
performance and economical rationality. Plane and elevation layout should be regular,
symmetrical, with good integrity, to avoid sudden changes in the rigidity of the structure.
6.2.2 In order to ensure the space work of the structure, improve the overall rigidity of
the structure, undertake and transmit the horizontal force, avoid the lateral instability of
the pressure bar, ensure the stability of the structure during installation, the reliable
supporting system shall be set up according to the specific conditions of the structure
system.
6.2.7 The layout of the beams shall meet the requirements of the boiler body and
auxiliary equipment. At the same time, the support of the platform shall be considered.
The beams on the same layer should have the same elevation. The layout of beams
should not be too dense AND the spacing should be uniform.
6.2.8 The main girders should be arranged horizontally, sometimes longitudinally.
Longitudinal arrangement can make the main girder cantilever, at one end or both ends,
to meet the supporting and hanging requirements of the equipment; meanwhile, it shall
reduce the bending moment and deflection of the main girder within the span.
6.2.9 The main girders, secondary girders, other girders of the main boiler support level
can be arranged at the same level [Figure 2a)], or sometimes at different levels [Figure
2b)].
6.2.10 The layout of boiler steel structures shall also meet the following requirements.
6.2.11 When the boiler steel structure and the bracing structure between coal bunkers
are jointly designed, the following principles shall be complied with.
7 Actions and combinations of effects
7.1 Vertical load
7.1.1 Permanent loads include.
7.1.2 Variable loads include live loads, wind loads, snow loads acting on the steel
structure of the boiler, platforms, operating floors, furnace roofs.
7.1.3 The principle of load value selection of boiler steel structure is as follows.
7.2 Wind loads
7.2.1 The standard value (ωk) of the wind load, which is perpendicular to the surface of
the boiler steel structure, shall be calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2).
7.2.2 For the basic wind pressure, according to the 10 min average wind speed
observation data, at a height of 10 m on the open and flat ground, the wind speed (v0)
determined by the maximum value in 50 years is obtained, through probability statistics;
then the corresponding air density is considered. The basic wind pressure (ω0) is
calculated, according to formula (3).
7.2.3 For flat or slightly undulating terrain, the wind pressure altitude variation factor
shall be determined, according to Table 9, based on the ground roughness category.
Ground roughness can be divided into four categories. A, B, C, D.
7.2.4 The wind load shape factor and local wind pressure shape factor of the boiler steel
structure shall comply with the provisions of GB 50009.The wind load shape factor of
boiler steel structure, which has a rectangular plane, can be selected according to Figure
Height from ground or
7.2.5 Generally, the wind vibration factor (βz) of boiler steel structure is equal to 1.0.
When the height of the boiler steel structure is greater than 100 m OR the aspect ratio
(H/B) is not less than 5, it shall calculate the influence of wind pressure fluctuation on
the downwind wind vibration of the structure; the wind vibration factor (βz) shall be
calculated, according to the provisions of GB 50009.
7.2.6 The gust factor, when calculating the wind load of the envelope structure, shall be
determined according to Table 10.
7.2.7 For the distribution of wind load on the boiler steel structure, different distribution
methods shall be considered, according to whether there is a guide device and whether
it is tightly closed.
8 Structural analysis
8.1 In general, first-order elastic analysis can be used for boiler steel structure; second-
order elastic analysis or direct analysis method shall be used, when necessary.
8.2 The structural analysis of the boiler steel structure should be calculated, according
to the spatial structure. The connected parts of the boiler steel structure are regarded as
a whole, that influences each other; the analysis model is established through effective
simulation.
8.4 The wind load and seismic action of the steel structure of the boiler should act in
the two main axis directions of the structure respectively AND carry out check
calculation.
8.5 The calculation model shall follow the principle of load equivalence and locality of
load, to simplify the structure reasonably. The simplification principles for calculation
model are as follows.
8.6 The load and seismic action shall be handled as follows.
8.7 Check calculation of support force. For the horizontal truss used as the support point
of the column, it shall check the support force working condition; the support force
shall be determined, according to 10.2.6.
8.8 Overall structural stiffness. Adjust the arrangement of vertical braces and horizontal
braces as well as the section of rods, according to the results of space analysis, so that
the stiffness of each layer structure changes uniformly, meanwhile avoid torsion and
local large deformation of the structure.
8.9 In order to achieve the predetermined goal, the arrangement and section of the rods
shall be adjusted, during the calculation process, to achieve the purpose of optimization.
9 Beam design
9.1 Determination of beam section
9.1.1 Select the cross-sectional form of the beam, according to the load conditions,
connection methods, transportation, installation requirements.
9.1.2 The cross-section of the beam is generally I-shaped, box-shaped, section steel and
their combined cross-sections. The beam with torsion should adopt the box-shaped
cross-section.
9.1.3 The beam should be designed as a constant cross-section; variable cross-section
girders or horizontal split girders may also be used.
9.1.4 Beams shall meet the requirements for strength, stiffness, stability.
9.2 Calculation of beams
9.2.1 For solid-web members, which are subjected to bending in the principal plane, the
bending strength shall be calculated, according to formula (21).
9.2.2 For solid-web members subjected to bending in the principal plane, the shear
strength (τ) shall be calculated according to the formula (22), in addition to considering
the post-buckling strength of the web.
9.2.3 When the upper flange of the beam is subjected to a concentrated load acting
along the plane of the web, meanwhile no supporting stiffener is installed at the load,
the local bearing strength (σc) at the upper edge of the calculated height of the web shall
be calculated, according to the formula (23).
9.2.4 If the edge of the calculated height of the web of the beam is subjected to relatively
large normal stress, shear stress, local compressive stress at the same time, OR is
simultaneously subjected to relatively large normal stress and shear stress, the
converted stress shall be calculated, according to the formula (26).
9.2.6 The deflection of the beam should not exceed the allowable value, which is
specified in Table 8.
9.2.7 For single-span simply supported beams with variable cross-section, the
deflection can be calculated, according to Table 20.
9.3 Structural requirements for beams
9.3.1 The lateral stiffener of the beam shall be welded to the upper flange; it should not
be welded to the lower flange. The lower end of the stiffener at the support shall be
flattened, jacked tightly and welded with the lower flange. The upper end of the
supporting stiffeners, at the place where there is relatively larger concentrated load,
shall be flattened, jacked tightly and welded with the upper flange.
9.3.2 The corner of junction -- between the lateral stiffener of the welded beam and the
web of the flange plate -- shall be cut. When used as a welding process hole, the corner
cut should be a 1/4 arc, which has a radius (R) of 30 mm.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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