GB/T 21562-2008 PDF in English
GB/T 21562-2008 (GB/T21562-2008, GBT 21562-2008, GBT21562-2008)
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Railway applications -- Specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)
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GB/T 21562-2008: PDF in English (GBT 21562-2008) GB/T 21562-2008
Railway applications.Specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)
ICS 45.060
S39
National Standards of People's Republic of China
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
Rail transit reliability, availability, maintainability and
Security specifications and examples
(IEC 62278.2002, IDT)
Released on.2008-03-24
2008-11-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword I
Introduction II
1 range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 rail transit RAMS 5
4.1 Introduction 5
4.2 Rail transit RAMS and operating quality 6
4.3 Elements of Rail Transit RAMS 6
4.4 Factors affecting rail transit RAMS 7
4.5 Methodology for realizing the demand for rail transit RAMS 11
4.6 Risk 11
4.7 Safety Integrity 14
4.8 Failure Safety Concept 15
5 Rail Transit RAMS Management 15
5.1 General 15
5.2 System Life Cycle 15
5.3 Application of this standard 20
6 RAMS life cycle 21
6.1 Phase 1. Concept 22
6.2 Phase 2. System Definition and Application Conditions 22
6.3 Phase 3. Risk Analysis 25
6.4 Phase 4. System Requirements 26
6.5 Phase 5. System Requirements Allocation 29
6.6 Phase 6. Design and Implementation 30
6.7 Stage 7. Manufacturing 31
6.8 Phase 8. Installation 32
6.9 Phase 9. System validation (including safety acceptance and commissioning) 33
6.10 Stage 10. System Acceptance 34
6.11 Phase 11. Operations and Maintenance 35
6.12 Stage 12. Performance Monitoring 36
6.13 Modifications and updates 36
6.14 Discontinuation and disposal 37
Appendix A (informative) Summary of the RAMS specification (example) 39
Appendix B (informative) RAMS Planning 43
Appendix C (informative) Example of rail transit application parameters 46
Appendix D (informative) Examples of several risk acceptance principles 48
Appendix E (informative) Responsibilities within the life cycle RAMS process 51
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
Foreword
This standard is equivalent to the IEC 62278.2002 "Railway Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) specifications and
Example" (English version).
This standard is equivalent to translation IEC 62278.2002.
For ease of use, this standard makes the following editorial changes.
a) the words “this International Standard” are replaced by the words “this standard”;
b) Remove the preface to international standards.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, and Appendix E of this standard are informative annexes.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Traction Electrical Equipment and Systems Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard was drafted. Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric Co., Ltd., CSR Sifang Locomotive Co., Ltd., China South Locomotive
Group Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd., China Railway Electrification Survey and Design Institute, Tongji University, Institute of Standards and Metrology of the Ministry of Railways.
The main drafters of this standard. Yan Yunsheng, Fan Yucheng, Liu Gui, Guo Liping, Gao Daoxing, Zhang Zhilong, Su Guanghui, Cheng Zuguo, Hu Ai.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
introduction
This standard provides a process for the rail transit authorities and their supporting industries to achieve the reliability of the corresponding methods.
Management of usability, maintainability and safety (represented by RAMS). This standard is based on the flow and examples of the RAMS requirements specification.
It is to promote consensus and management of RAMS.
At all stages of the rail transit application life cycle, the rail transit authorities and their supporting industries can systematically apply this standard.
Develop and meet the RAMS requirements for specific rail transit applications. The system grading method defined in this standard contributes to complex orbits
Evaluation of RAMS interactions between various elements of traffic.
In different procurement strategies, this standard will promote the cooperation between the rail transit authorities and their supporting industries to obtain the best
A combination of rail transit RAMS and fees.
The procedures specified in this standard assume that the rail transit authorities and their supporting industries have industry policies that stipulate quality, performance and safety. this
The method specified in the standard shall be consistent with the quality management content of the GB/T 19000 series of standards.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
Rail transit reliability, availability, maintainability and
Security specifications and examples
1 range
This standard defines the various elements of RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety) and their interactions.
The process of managing the RAMS based on the life cycle and its work, so that the contradictions between the various elements of RAMS can be effectively controlled and
management.
This standard does not specify RAMS indicators, quantities, requirements or solutions for rail transit specific applications, and does not specify security for the system.
demand. These should be specified in the RAMS sub-criteria for each specific application.
This standard applies to.
a) RAMS specifications and descriptions for all levels of rail transit applications and at various levels in this application; for example, from the entire track line
The main system on the track line and the independent or integrated subsystems and their components into these main systems,
Including the software included, in particular.
---New system;
---Integrated into a new system working in an existing system before the development of this standard, although it generally cannot be applied to existing systems
other aspects;
--- An update of an existing system prior to the development of this standard, although it generally cannot be applied to other aspects of the system.
b) All relevant phases of the life cycle in the application.
c) Use of the rail transit authority and its supporting industries.
Note. Application guidelines are given in the requirements of this standard.
2 Normative references
The terms in the following documents become the terms of this standard by reference to this standard. All dated references, followed by all
Modifications (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to study
Is it possible to use the latest version of these files? For undated references, the latest edition applies to this standard.
GB/T 19001-2000 Quality Management System Requirements (idt ISO 9001.2000)
GB/T 20438 (all parts) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety related systems [IEC 61508 (all parts)
Points), IDT]
IEC 60050 (191)..1990 International Electrotechnical Terminology Chapter 191. Credibility and Operational Quality
IEC 62279 Rail Transit, Signal and Processing System Rail Traffic Control and Protection System Software
EN50129.2003 Safety related electronic systems for rail transit signals
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
The RAMS element of the system is decomposed between the various components of the system to present separate targets for each component.
3.2
According to the investigation and evidence collection, the applicability of the product is evaluated.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
3.3
Systematization and independence used to determine whether a product's requirements are in line with planned arrangements, effective implementation, and suitability for a given target
Assessment.
3.4
Under the premise that the required external resources are guaranteed, the product is enforceable under the specified conditions and within the specified time or time interval.
The ability to specify functional status.
3.5
The general name of the activity to be taken before the verification system or product meets the specified requirements.
3.6
A fault caused by one event causing two or more components to fail simultaneously to prevent the system from performing the specified function.
3.7
The characteristics or parameters of the product meet the requirements of the specified requirements.
3.8
A discipline that uses technology and management to direct and monitor to verify the functional and physical characteristics of a project configuration and to control these characteristics.
The process of changing, documenting, and reporting changes, the status of implementation, and validation are consistent with specific needs.
3.9
After the fault is identified, the product is restored to the repair that can be performed to perform the specified functional state.
3.10
The probability of a set of events cannot be represented by a simple product of the unconditional probability of a single event.
3.11
The time interval during which the product is in a down state.
[IEC 60050 (191), modified]
3.12
Causes of failure during design, production, or use.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.13
Estimation or observation of the cause of failure of a specified project related to operating conditions at the time of failure.
3.14
The limit value (if any) that is obtained when approaching 0 (assuming normal operation at the beginning of the interval).
Note. In applications, when the distance traveled or the number of duty cycles is more relevant to the failure rate than time, the time unit can be replaced by the corresponding distance unit or number of cycles.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
3.15
A possible state of a faulty product relative to a given specified function.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.16
A method of analyzing a fault pattern in the form of a fault tree, which is used to determine products, sub-products, or external events or groups thereof
This may result in a given failure mode for the product.
3.17
A physical condition that causes potential harm to a person or causes potential damage to the environment.
3.18
A record or reference document for all safety management activities, hazard determinations, decisions made, and resolutions may also be referred to as “safety records”.
[EN50129]
3.19
Prepare and organize all resources used to operate and maintain the system's work at the specified availability level at the required life cycle cost.
3.20
Under specified conditions, when using the prescribed procedures and resources for maintenance, the product under the given conditions of use is within the specified time zone.
In the meantime, the ability to perform the specified actual maintenance work can be completed.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.21
All technical and managerial work, including oversight activities, to maintain or restore the product in a state where it can perform the specified functions.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.22
Used as a description of the relationship between the maintenance echelon, contract layer, and maintenance work layer of a product.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.23
A description of the goals of the basic work performed by the system.
3.24
The expected range of parameters (number of times, load, speed, distance, parking lot, tunnel, etc.) in the mission during the operational phase of the life cycle
And a change thumbnail.
3.25
Maintenance performed on a regular basis or according to predetermined criteria to prevent functional degradation and reduce the probability of failure.
3.26
An organization that has full responsibility for the managers of the rail transit system.
Note. For the total system or its components and life cycle activities, the responsibility of the administration is sometimes shared among one or more groups or organizations. E.g.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
--- One or more component owners or agents of the system;
---System operator;
--- maintainer of a certain part or parts of the system;
---and many more.
The above assignments are based on statutory documents or contracts, so these responsibilities should be clearly defined at an early stage of the system's life cycle.
3.27
A generic term for a supplier of the entire rail transit system, subsystems, and components.
3.28
A set of time-scheduled activities, resources, and events written in writing that apply to organizational structure, responsibilities, processes, operations, capabilities, and
The realization of resources, together they ensure that the requirements of the specified contract or project for reliability and maintainability are met.
3.29
RAMS
The combination of the first letter of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (the first three are combined into RAM).
3.30
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.31
The product continually improves a state of characterization of reliability performance measures.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.32
Part of the repair work is the manual work carried out on the project.
[IEC 60050 (191)]
3.33
The event that the product can perform the specified function again after the fault occurs.
3.34
The probability of the hazard that caused the injury and the severity of the damage.
3.35
Eliminate the unacceptable risk impact characteristics.
3.36
The product meets the written instructions for the specified safety requirements.
3.37
The possibility that the system will achieve the required safety function within the specified time under all specified conditions.
3.38
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
One of many defined intermittent values that specify the safety integrity of the safety functions assigned to safety-related systems
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
begging. The higher the value, the higher the safety integrity level.
3.39
A set of documents for scheduling activities, resources, and events that are appropriate for the organization, responsibility, operations, activities, capabilities, and resource realization.
Together to ensure that the required contract or project safety requirements are met.
3.40
It is usually a government agency that has the responsibility to stipulate or agree to these safety requirements and to ensure that rail transit meets these requirements.
3.41
Activities that occur from the beginning of the system's conception to the time when the system can no longer be used for decommissioning or phase-out.
3.42
In some specific circumstances or in certain combinations of inputs, due to errors in any phase of the safety lifecycle activity
The resulting failure.
3.43
The maximum level of risk for products that the rail transit authority can accept.
3.44
Objective evidence and testing are used to determine whether specific requirements for the intended intended use are met.
3.45
Use objective evidence and tests to determine if the requirements are met.
Note. The descriptions of Verification and Validation are shown in Figures 11 and 5.2.9.
4 rail transit RAMS
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 This chapter provides basic information about RAMS and RAMS engineering. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with sufficient background knowledge.
This standard is effectively applied to the rail transit system.
4.1.2 Rail transit RAMS plays a major role in the operational quality specified by the rail transit authorities. Rail transit RAMS by several
Each consists of a component of action. Therefore, the structure of this chapter is as follows.
a) 4.2 examined the relationship between rail transit RAMS and operational quality.
b) 4.3 to 4.8 examine all aspects of rail transit RAMS, namely.
--- Elements of RAMS;
--- Factors affecting RAMS and methods of obtaining RAMS;
--- Risk and safety integrity.
4.1.3 This chapter should use as much as possible the established international terminology and the new terminology formed by the rail transit industry as defined in Chapter 3 of this standard or
A term that has been approved.
4.1.4 The order of “systems, subsystems, components” in this standard is used to describe the breakdown from any complete application to its components, each
The precise limits of terms (systems, subsystems, and components) depend on the particular application.
4.1.5 A system can be defined as a collection of subsystems and components that are organized in a certain way to obtain a particular function. These functions are assigned to
Subsystems and components in the system, and the performance and state of the system change as the functionality of the subsystem or component changes. The system makes the input
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
Respond to produce the specified output while interacting with the environment.
4.2 Rail transit RAMS and operating quality
4.2.1 This clause describes the relationship between RAMS and operational quality for a task.
4.2.2 RAMS is a long-term operating characteristic of the system. Through the application of established engineering concepts throughout the life cycle of the system,
Implemented by methods, tools, and techniques. The system's RAMS can be characterized and quantified in relation to the system or subsystem or components that make up the system.
Indicators are expressed and guaranteed to achieve the specified functionality, availability and security. The system RAMS in this standard is reliable, usable, and maintainable.
A combination of sex and security (RAMS).
4.2.3 Rail Transit RAMS demonstrates the confidence that the system can safely achieve the required level of rail transport within a specified time.
Rail transit RAMS has a significant impact on the quality of the operation delivered to the user; the quality of the operation is also subject to other features and performance parameters.
Sexual effects, such as frequency of operation, regularity of operation, and cost structure. The relationship is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Operational quality and rail transit RAMS
4.3 Elements of Rail Transit RAMS
4.3.1 This article describes the various elements of RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability and safety) in a rail transit system environment.
Interrelationship.
4.3.2 Security and availability are interrelated, and conflicts between security requirements and availability requirements, if not managed properly, can hinder access
Trusted system. The relationship between the elements of rail transit RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability and safety) is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Interrelationship between the elements of rail transit RAMS
4.3.3 Meet all requirements for reliability and maintainability and control ongoing, long-term maintenance, operational activities and system environment
Meet the security and availability goals during the run.
4.3.4 Security protection, as a defense capability for the rail transit system against vandalism and unreasonable human behavior, is RAMS
Deeper elements. However, matters to be considered for security protection are outside the scope of this standard.
4.3.5 The technical concept of usability is based on the following.
a) Reliability includes.
---Specify all possible system failure modes in the application and environment;
--- the probability of each failure occurring, or the probability of each failure occurring;
--- The effect of failure on system functionality.
b) maintainability includes.
---The time to perform planned maintenance;
---Time for fault detection, identification and location;
--- Repair time of the failed system (out-of-plan maintenance).
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
c) Operations and maintenance include.
--- all possible working modes and necessary maintenance during the life cycle of the system;
--- Human factors.
4.3.6 The technical concept of security is based on the following.
a) All possible hazards in the system in all operational, maintenance and environmental modes.
b) The characteristics of each hazard are expressed in terms of the severity of the hazard.
c) Safety/safety related failures include.
--- All system failure modes (safety related failure modes) that cause damage, which is a subset of all reliability failure modes
[4.3.5. a)];
--- the probability of failure of each safety-related system failure mode;
--- In the application, the sequence of events that may lead to an accident (ie, the hazard that causes the accident) and/or concurrency, failure, work
State, environmental conditions, etc.
--- The probability of occurrence of each event, failure, working state and environmental conditions in the application.
d) The maintainability of the safety-related components of the system includes.
--- Convenience of maintenance of subsystems or their components in systems related to safety-related failure modes or hazards;
---The probability that a component of the system safety will be wrong during the maintenance work;
--- The time the system is restored to a safe state.
e) Maintenance of system operation and system safety related components includes.
--- The impact of human factors on the effective maintenance of system safety related parts and system security operations;
--- Tools, equipment and processes for effective maintenance and system security operations related to system safety;
--- Effective measures to control, deal with hazards and mitigate the consequences of harm.
4.3.7 System failure, which runs within the scope of the application and environment, will have some impact on the performance of the system. All failures are against
System reliability has a negative impact, and in certain applications, only certain specific failures have a negative impact on security. In addition, the external environment is also
Affect the function of the system, which in turn affects the safety of rail transit. Their connection is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Effect of internal system failure
4.3.8 Only considering the interaction of the various elements of the RAMS in the system and this standard, and obtaining the system optimized RAMS combination,
A reliable rail transit system can be realized.
4.4 Factors affecting rail transit RAMS
4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 This article describes and defines a process for determining the factors affecting the RAMS of the rail transit system, especially for human factors.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
Consideration of impact. These factors and their effects are inputs to the system RAMS requirements specification.
4.4.1.2 Rail transit system RAMS is affected by three factors. from the system at any stage of the system life cycle
Internal failures (system environment), failures imposed on the system during operation (operating environment), and imposed on the system during system maintenance work
Failure (maintenance environment). These sources of failure can interact, the relationship is shown in Figure 4, and the details are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4 Effect on RAMS
Figure 5 Factors affecting rail transit RAMS
4.4.1.3 In order to implement a reliable system, it is necessary to determine the factors affecting the system RAMS, estimate its impact, and be in the life cycle of the system.
Appropriate controls are applied to harness the causes of these effects and optimize system performance.
4.4.2 Factor classification
4.4.2.1 This clause details the process for defining factors that will affect the system's ability to successfully meet the requirements of the specified RAMS.
GB/T 21562-2008/IEC 62278.2002
4.4.2.2 Factors affecting system RAMS in industrial applications are ubiquitous. Figure 5 contains the RAMS that affects the rail transit system.
Some common factors also illustrate the interaction between these factors. In order to determine the specific factors affecting the RAMS of the rail transit system,
Every common influencing factor should be considered in the specified system environment.
4.4.2.3 Regarding the impact of human factors on the system RAMS, its analysis is inherent in the “system approach” required by this standard.
4.4.2.4 Human factors can be defined as the impact of a person's personality, expectations and behavior on the system. These factors involve human anatomy, health
Science and psychology. These ideas of human factors guide people to work efficiently after meeting people's health, safety, and work.
4.4.2.5 Typical rail traffic consists of a wide range of people, from passengers, operators, personnel who maintain rail transit systems to impact rails.
Other people in the traffic operation, such as car drivers at level crossings. Each person uses different methods to counter the rail traffic. Obviously, people
The potential impact of classes on the RAMS of rail transit systems is significant. Therefore, throughout the system life cycle, with many other industries
In comparison, in order to meet the demand for rail transit RAMS, human factors must be more strictly controlled.
4.4.2.6 A person may be considered to have the ability to benefit the RAMS of the rail transit system. In order to achieve this goal, throughout the life cycle,
Identify and manage the way human factors affect rail transit RAMS. The analysis should include human factors during the design and development phase of the system.
The potential impact on rail transit RAMS.
4.4.2.7 Although human factors are usually involved in the life cycle, human factors should be specified in the application under consideration for RAMS
The precise impact.
4.4.2.8 In the context of the rail transit system under consideration, common factors, including those contained in Figure 5, should be reviewed. Rail transit authority
All infeasible factors should be specified at the time of bidding. Every feasible common factor should be reviewed, and the detailed influencing factors (corresponding to the application) should be
Export systematically. The human factor issue (the core aspect of the entire RAMS management process) should be stated at the time of the review.
4.4.2.9 Processes derived from specific influencing factors should be subject to the use of rail transit specific factors (4.4.2.10) and human factors
(4.4.2.11) Two lists or alternative maps as shown in Figure 5.
4.4.2.10 The specific influencing factors of specific rail transit shall include consideration of the specific factors of each rail transit described below, but are not limited thereto.
It should be noted that the following items are not exhaustive and should be adjusted according to the scope and purpose of the application.
a) System operation.
---The work that the system should perform and the conditions under which it will be performed;
--- Coexistence of passengers, goods, people and systems in the operating environment;
--- System life needs, including system life expectations, operational density and life cycle costs.
b) Environment.
---Physical environment;
--- High level of integration of rail transit systems within the environment;
--- Limited opportunities to test the entire system in a rail transit environment......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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