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Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system
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GB/T 19964-2024: PDF in English (GBT 19964-2024) GB/T 19964-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.160
CCS F 12
Replacing GB/T 19964-2012
Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power
station to power system
ISSUED ON: MARCH 15, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 15, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Active power ... 8
5 Reactive voltage ... 10
6 Fault ride through ... 12
7 Operational suitability ... 19
8 Power prediction ... 22
9 Power quality ... 23
10 Simulation model and parameters ... 23
11 Secondary system ... 24
12 Test and review ... 26
Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power
station to power system
1 Scope
This document specifies the active power, reactive voltage, fault ride through,
operational adaptability, power prediction, power quality, simulation models and
parameters, technical requirements for the secondary system, and test and evaluation
contents of photovoltaic power stations connected to the power system.
This document is applicable to the construction, production and operation of new,
rebuilt and expanded photovoltaic power stations connected to the grid at voltage levels
above 10kV. Photovoltaic power stations equipped with energy storage shall follow this
document.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 12325, Power quality -- Deviation of supply voltage
GB/T 12326, Power quality -- Voltage fluctuation and flicker
GB/T 14285, Technical code for relaying protection and security automatic
equipment
GB/T 14549, Quality of electric energy supply. Harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 15543, Power quality -- Three-phase voltage unbalance
GB/T 19862, General requirements for monitoring equipment of power quality
GB/T 22239, Information security technology -- Baseline for classified protection of
cybersecurity
GB/T 24337, Power quality -- Inter-harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 29321, Technical specification for reactive power compensation of PV power
station
3.9 high voltage ride through of PV power station
When a power system accident or disturbance causes the voltage at the grid connection
point of a photovoltaic power station to rise, the photovoltaic power station is able to
operate continuously without being disconnected from the grid within a certain voltage
increase range and time interval.
3.10 low-high voltage ride through of PV power station
When a power system accident or disturbance causes the voltage at the grid connection
point of a photovoltaic power station to drop first and then rise, the photovoltaic power
station is able to operate continuously without being disconnected from the grid within
a certain voltage drop, rise range and time interval.
NOTE: Referred to as low-high voltage ride through.
3.11 dynamic reactive current increment of PV power station
The reactive current injected or absorbed by a photovoltaic power station into the power
system during low voltage or high voltage ride through is the change in the reactive
current injected or absorbed into the power system before the voltage drops or rises.
NOTE: Reactive current refers to capacitive reactive current.
3.12 rise time of dynamic reactive current of PV power station
The time required from the time when the grid voltage drops or rises to the trigger
setting value to the time when the dynamic reactive current increment of the
photovoltaic power station reaches 90% of the incremental target value.
3.13 islanding
A state in which a portion of a power grid, including loads and power sources, continues
to operate in isolation after being disconnected from the main grid.
NOTE: There are two types of islanding: unplanned islanding and planned islanding. Unplanned
islanding refers to unplanned and uncontrolled islanding. Planned islanding refers to planned
islanding according to pre-configured control strategies.
3.14 anti-islanding
Prevent the occurrence of unplanned islanding.
4 Active power
4.1 Active power control
4.1.1 Photovoltaic power stations shall have the ability to participate in the frequency
and peak regulation of the power system and comply with the relevant provisions of
GB 38755, GB/T 31464, GB/T 40594 and GB/T 40595.
4.1.2 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with active power control systems,
have the ability to continuously and smoothly adjust active power, and be able to
participate in the active power control of the power system.
4.1.3 The control mode of the active power control system of a photovoltaic power
station shall at least include active power limit control, active power fixed value control,
active power difference control and frequency modulation control. The control mode
shall be put into or out according to the automation signal and dispatching instruction
issued by the power system dispatching agency. The response time and control accuracy
of active power control shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 40289.
4.1.4 During the process of grid connection, normal shutdown and growth of solar
irradiance of photovoltaic power station, the active power change rate of photovoltaic
power station shall meet the requirements of safe and stable operation of power system.
Its limit value shall be determined by the power system dispatching agency according
to the frequency regulation characteristics of the connected power system. It is
preferably 10% rated capacity/min. When the solar irradiance decreases rapidly, the
active power change rate of photovoltaic power station is allowed to exceed the limit
value.
4.2 Emergency control
4.2.1 In the event of a power system accident or emergency, the photovoltaic power
station shall urgently reduce the active power or temporarily cut off from the power grid
in accordance with the instructions of the power system dispatching agency.
4.2.2 When the power system returns to normal operation, the photovoltaic power
station shall be connected to the grid and operated according to the instructions of the
power system dispatching agency.
4.3 Primary frequency modulation
4.3.1 The primary frequency regulation function of a photovoltaic power station shall
comply with the provisions of GB/T 40594 and GB/T 40595. The primary frequency
regulation function can be started and stopped according to the instructions of the power
system dispatching agency.
4.3.2 When the frequency deviation of the power system exceeds the primary frequency
regulation dead zone, the photovoltaic power station shall adjust the active power
output according to formula (1).
photovoltaic power station is fully powered, and the sum of all the inductive reactive
power of the photovoltaic power station's outgoing lines. The inductive reactive
capacity configured shall be able to compensate for the sum of the capacitive charging
reactive power of the photovoltaic power station itself and all the charging reactive
power of the photovoltaic power station's outgoing lines.
5.2.4 The type and capacity of reactive power compensation devices configured for
photovoltaic power stations can be determined through research based on the reactive
power voltage regulation characteristics of the connected power system.
5.3 Voltage control
5.3.1 Photovoltaic power stations shall have reactive power regulation and voltage
control capabilities, and shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 31464 and
GB/T 40594.
5.3.2 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with reactive power/voltage control
systems. The system shall have control modes such as constant voltage control, constant
power factor control, constant reactive power control, and the function of online
switching control mode.
5.3.3 The main transformer of a photovoltaic power station shall be an on-load voltage-
changing transformer.
5.3.4 The reactive voltage control system of a photovoltaic power station shall be able
to automatically receive the grid connection point voltage value, power factor value or
reactive power value issued by the power system dispatching agency. The grid
connection point voltage can be controlled by coordinating and controlling the reactive
output of the photovoltaic inverter and reactive compensation device, as well as the
main transformer tap position. Its response time and control accuracy shall comply with
the relevant provisions of GB/T 29321.
5.3.5 When the grid voltage is within the normal range, the photovoltaic power station
connected to the grid through the 35 kV~110 kV voltage level shall be able to adjust
the grid connection point voltage to within the range of 97%~107% of the nominal
voltage.
5.3.6 When the grid voltage is within the normal range, photovoltaic power stations
connected to the grid at a voltage level of 220 kV or above shall be able to adjust the
grid connection point voltage to within 100%~110% of the nominal voltage.
6 Fault ride through
6.1 Low voltage ride through
6.1.1 When a fault in the power system causes a voltage drop at the grid connection
the power system and shall not be less than 1.0.
c) The positive and negative sequence dynamic reactive current rise time of a
photovoltaic power station shall not exceed 30 ms.
d) During the voltage drop at the grid connection point, the maximum output
capacity of the reactive current of the photovoltaic power station shall not be less
than 1.05 times the rated current IN of the photovoltaic power station.
e) When the positive-sequence component of the grid-connected point voltage is less
than 60% of the nominal voltage, the photovoltaic power station shall inject
positive-sequence dynamic reactive current into the grid and absorb negative-
sequence dynamic reactive current from the grid, based on the actual control
capabilities of the photovoltaic inverter and reactive compensation device and the
grid conditions to which the photovoltaic power station is connected, without
increasing the voltage imbalance at the grid-connected point.
6.1.5 Active power recovery capability
For PV power stations that are not cut out during power system faults, their active power
shall be restored quickly after the fault is cleared. The rate of change of active power
recovery shall be no less than 30% of installed capacity/s.
6.2 High voltage ride through
6.2.1 When a fault in the power system causes the voltage at the grid connection point
of the photovoltaic power station to increase, the photovoltaic power station shall have
the high voltage ride through capability shown in Figure 3. The specific requirements
are as follows:
a) When the voltage at the grid connection point of the photovoltaic power station
rises to more than 125% to 130% of the nominal voltage, the photovoltaic inverter
and reactive power compensation device in the photovoltaic power station shall
be able to operate continuously for 500 ms without disconnecting from the grid;
b) When the voltage at the grid connection point of the photovoltaic power station
rises to more than 120% to 125% of the nominal voltage, the photovoltaic inverter
and reactive power compensation device in the photovoltaic power station shall
be able to operate continuously for 1 s without disconnecting from the grid;
c) When the grid-connected voltage of a photovoltaic power station rises to 110% to
120% of the nominal voltage, the photovoltaic inverter and other reactive power
compensation devices in the photovoltaic power station shall be able to operate
continuously for 10 s without disconnecting from the grid.
system. It shall not be less than 1.5.
c) The dynamic reactive current rise time of a photovoltaic power station shall not
exceed 30 ms.
d) During the period when the point of connection voltage rises, the maximum output
capacity of the reactive current of the photovoltaic power station shall not be less
than 1.05 times the rated current IN of the photovoltaic power station.
e) From the moment the point of connection voltage recovers to below 110% of the
nominal voltage, the photovoltaic power station shall exit the dynamic reactive
current increment within 30 ms.
6.2.3 During the period of voltage rise at the grid connection point, the photovoltaic
power station shall have the ability to control active power under the premise of meeting
the dynamic reactive current support. The photovoltaic inverter and energy storage
system shall be used comprehensively to achieve the active power control of the whole
station. Try to keep the active power unchanged before the fault. The active power
control requirements and verification methods of the photovoltaic inverter in the
photovoltaic power station during the high voltage ride through period shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 37408 and GB/T 37409.
6.3 Continuous fault ride through
6.3.1 Continuous low voltage ride through
Photovoltaic power stations shall have the ability to continuously ride through low
voltage. The specific requirements are as follows:
a) The photovoltaic power station shall have the ability to ride through low voltage
for at least two consecutive times;
b) The time interval Δt between two adjacent low voltage ride throughs can be
determined based on the fault reclosing action time of the transmission line and
the access power system. It can be selected from 0.2 s~2 s;
c) The characteristics and support capability of each low voltage ride through shall
meet the requirements of 6.1.
6.3.2 Continuous low-high voltage ride through
Photovoltaic power stations connected to the UHV DC transmission area shall have
continuous low-high voltage ride through capability. The specific requirements for
continuous low-high voltage ride through capability are as follows:
a) Photovoltaic power stations shall have the ability to immediately ride through high
voltage after low voltage ride through;
a special study on sub-synchronous/super-synchronous oscillation risk analysis and
prevention and control measures shall be carried out. It is advisable to use a
combination of impedance characteristic analysis and time domain simulation for
evaluation.
8 Power prediction
8.1 Prediction function and prediction result reporting
8.1.1 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with a photovoltaic power
prediction system and comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 40607.
8.1.2 The photovoltaic power prediction system shall have at least medium-term, short-
term and ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction functions. The prediction time
resolution shall be no less than 15 min. It shall support power prediction in abnormal
shutdown situations such as photovoltaic power station power limitation, photovoltaic
power generation system failure or maintenance.
8.1.3 Photovoltaic power stations shall report medium-term and short-term photovoltaic
power forecast results to the power dispatching agency twice a day as required, and
report ultra-short-term power forecast results to the power dispatching agency every 15
min.
8.1.4 When a photovoltaic power station reports the photovoltaic power forecast results
to the power dispatching agency, it shall also report the expected operating capacity
data of the photovoltaic power station in the same period as the forecast results.
8.1.5 Photovoltaic power stations shall automatically report the total operating capacity
at the current moment to the power dispatching agency every 15 min. The actual
meteorological data of photovoltaic power stations shall be automatically reported to
the power dispatching agency every 5 min.
8.2 Prediction accuracy
8.2.1 The monthly average accuracy of the medium-term PV power forecast results on
the 10th day (217 h~240 h) shall be no less than 75%.
8.2.2 The monthly average accuracy rate of the forecast shall not be less than 85%
before the day of the short-term PV power forecast result. The monthly average
qualification rate of the forecast shall not be less than 85%.
8.2.3 The average monthly accuracy of the ultra-short-term photovoltaic power forecast
results for the 4th hour forecast shall be no less than 90%. The average monthly pass
rate for the 4th hour forecast shall be no less than 90%.
8.2.4 When calculating the prediction accuracy of the moment when the PV power
station output is limited, the available power shall be used instead of the actual power.
9 Power quality
9.1 Voltage deviation
After the photovoltaic power station is connected, the voltage deviation caused by the
public connection point shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12325.
9.2 Voltage fluctuation and flicker
After the photovoltaic power station is connected, the voltage fluctuation and flicker
caused at the public connection point shall meet the requirements of GB/T 12326.
9.3 Harmonics and interharmonics
9.3.1 The harmonic current injected by the photovoltaic power station into the public
connection point shall meet the requirements of GB/T 14549.
9.3.2 After the photovoltaic power station is connected, the interharmonics caused by
the public connection point shall meet the requirements of GB/T 24337.
9.4 Voltage imbalance
After the photovoltaic power station is connected, the voltage imbalance caused by the
public connection point shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15543.
9.5 Monitoring and governance
Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with real-time power quality monitoring
equipment, which shall meet the requirements of GB/T 19862. When the power quality
indicators of photovoltaic power stations do not meet the requirements, power quality
management equipment shall be installed.
10 Simulation model and parameters
10.1 Simulation model
10.1.1 Photovoltaic power stations shall establish electromechanical transient and
electromagnetic transient simulation calculation models and parameters for
photovoltaic inverters, reactive power compensation devices, collection systems and
station control systems, and pass model verification and accuracy evaluation.
10.1.2 Photovoltaic power stations shall establish short-circuit current calculation
models and parameters, and pass model verification and accuracy evaluation.
DC power supply system. After the external AC power supply disappears, the
uninterruptible power supply device shall be able to operate under load for more than 2
h.
11.1.7 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with automatic safety devices as
required based on the safety and stability calculation results of the access plan.
11.2 Photovoltaic power station dispatch automation
11.2.1 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with computer monitoring systems,
active power control systems, reactive voltage control systems, electric energy
collection systems, secondary system safety protection equipment, dispatching data
network access equipment, etc. They shall meet the requirements of DL/T 5003 and the
power secondary system dispatching management specifications.
11.2.2 The scope of telecontrol information collection of the photovoltaic power station
dispatching automation system shall meet the requirements of the telecontrol
information access regulations of the power system dispatching automation energy
management system (EMS).
11.2.3 The communication method, transmission channel and information transmission
content between the photovoltaic power station and the power system dispatching
organization shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 40604, including the provision
of telemetry signals, telesignaling signals, teleadjustment signals and signals of other
safety automatic devices, as well as the method of providing signals and real-time
requirements.
11.2.4 The gateway metering point of the photovoltaic power station shall be set at the
boundary between the photovoltaic power station and the power grid, and the property
boundary of different photovoltaic power station enterprises. The configuration of the
metering device shall comply with the provisions of DL/T 448.
11.2.5 For photovoltaic power stations connected to voltage levels of 220 kV and above,
synchronous phasor measurement devices shall be configured. For photovoltaic power
stations connected to voltage levels of 110 (66) kV, synchronous phasor measurement
devices can be configured according to actual needs.
11.2.6 Photovoltaic power stations that are assessed to have oscillation risks shall be
equipped with broadband measurement devices.
11.2.7 Photovoltaic power stations shall be equipped with a unified clock
synchronization system for the entire station to provide unified time synchronization
for the clocks of all secondary systems and equipment within the station.
11.2.8 The network security protection of photovoltaic power stations shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 22239, GB/T 36572 and the safety protection regulations of
power monitoring systems. The protection plan shall pass the network security level
assessment and security evaluation.
11.3 Photovoltaic power station communication
11.3.1 Photovoltaic power stations connected to the grid at voltage levels of 220 kV and
above shall have two independent optical cable communication channels. Photovoltaic
power stations connected to the grid at voltage levels of 110(66) kV shall have at least
one independent optical cable communication channel.
11.3.2 The communication equipment directly connecting the photovoltaic power
station to the power system shall have an interface and protocol consistent with the
system access end equipment.
NOTE: Communication equipment includes optical fiber transmission equipment, pulse code
modulation terminal equipment, integrated access equipment, dispatching program-controlled
switches, data communication networks, communication monitoring, etc.
11.3.3 The configuration of communication equipment in photovoltaic power stations
shall be carried out in accordance with relevant design regulations.
12 Test and review
12.1 The photovoltaic power station shall be tested and evaluated before being
connected to the power system. When the photovoltaic power station is renovated
(expanded), it shall be tested and evaluated again.
12.2 30 days before the photovoltaic power station is connected to the power system
for testing, the model verification and accuracy evaluation of the photovoltaic inverter,
reactive power compensation device and photovoltaic power station shall be completed.
The test plan shall be submitted to the power system dispatching agency for filing.
12.3 The photovoltaic power station shall submit a test and evaluation report on the
operating characteristics of the photovoltaic power station to the power system
dispatching agency within 6 months after all power generation units are connected to
the grid and put into commissioning operation.
12.4 The testing and evaluation of photovoltaic power stations include but are not
limited to the following:
a) Power quality test of photovoltaic power station;
b) Active power control and frequency response capability test of photovoltaic
power station;
c) Reactive power/voltage control capability test and evaluation of photovoltaic
power station;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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