GB/T 17258-2022 PDF in English
GB/T 17258-2022 (GB/T17258-2022, GBT 17258-2022, GBT17258-2022)
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Steel cylinders for the on-board storage of compressed natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles
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| GB 17258-2011 | English | 1319 |
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[GB/T 17258-2011] Steel cylinders for the on-board storage of compressed natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles
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GB/T 17258-2022: PDF in English (GBT 17258-2022) GB/T 17258-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 17258-2011
Steel Cylinders for the On-board Storage of Compressed
Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles
(ISO 11439:2013, Gas Cylinders - High Pressure Cylinders for the On-board Storage
of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols ... 6
4 Types and Parameters ... 8
5 Technical Requirements ... 9
6 Test Methods ... 15
7 Inspection Rules ... 22
8 Marking, Coating, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 31
9 Installation ... 34
10 Certificate of Conformity and Batch Inspection Quality Certificate ... 34
Appendix A (normative) Hydrogen Sulfide Stress Corrosion Test ... 36
Appendix B (informative) Determination Method for Maximum Allowable Defect
Size for Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) ... 38
Appendix C (normative) Ultrasonic Testing ... 39
Appendix D (normative) Flattening Test Method ... 44
Appendix E (informative) Batch Inspection Quality Certificate of Steel Cylinders for
the On-board Storage of Compressed Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles48
Bibliography ... 51
Steel Cylinders for the On-board Storage of Compressed
Natural Gas as a Fuel for Automotive Vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the types and parameters, technical requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, marking, coating, packaging, transportation and storage requirements of
steel cylinders for the on-board storage of compressed natural gas as a fuel for automotive
vehicles (hereinafter referred to as “steel cylinders”).
This document is applicable to the design and manufacturing of steel cylinders with a
nominal operating pressure of 20 MPa and 25 MPa, a nominal volume of 30 L ~ 300 L, an
operating temperature of 40 C ~ 65 C and a design service life of 15 years.
The steel cylinders manufactured in accordance with this document are only used as the
storage containers fixed on automotive vehicles and filled with compressed natural gas as
automobile fuels that complies with GB 18047; additional loads caused by external forces,
etc. are not included in the service conditions.
This document does not apply to gas storage steel cylinders used at compressed natural gas
filling stations, nor does it apply to steel cylinders of welded structure.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in this text. In terms of references with a specified date,
only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references
without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to
this document.
GB/T 192 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Profile
GB/T 196 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Dimensions
GB/T 4157 Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and
Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environment
GB/T 4336 Carbon and Low-alloy Steel - Dimension of Multi-element Contents - Spark
Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method (routine method)
GB/T 5777 Automated Full Peripheral Ultrasonic Testing of Seamless and Welded (except
submerged arc-welded) Steel Tubes for the Detection of Longitudinal and / or Transverse
S1---the design wall thickness at the center of the bottom of the steel cylinder, expressed in (mm);
S2---the design wall thickness of the grounding point at the concave bottom of the steel cylinder,
expressed in (mm).
Figure 2 -- Types of End Structure
5.3.3.4 There shall be a transition section between the annular shell at concave end of the
steel cylinder and the cylinder body, and the connection between the transition section and
the cylinder body shall be smooth.
5.3.4 Design of cylinder mouth
5.3.4.1 The thread of the cylinder mouth shall adopt tapered thread, which shall comply with
the stipulations of GB/T 8335 or relevant standards, and the number of effective threads
shall not be less than 8.
5.3.4.2 The thickness of the cylinder mouth shall have sufficient strength; the mouth shall
not be plastically deformed when bearing the torque of the upper valve and the additional
external force of the riveted neck ring.
5.3.5 Accessories
5.3.5.1 The cylinder valve shall comply with the stipulations of GB/T 17926 and shall be
equipped with a safety pressure relief device.
5.3.5.2 The nominal burst pressure of the rupture disc is the hydrostatic test pressure, and the
allowable deviation is 10%0 ; the operating temperature of the fusible plug is 110 C 5 C.
5.3.5.3 The rated discharge capacity of the safety pressure relief device shall be calculated in
accordance with GB/T 33215 and shall not be less than the safe discharge capacity of the gas
cylinder. In addition, it shall be ensured that the gas cylinder passes the fire burning test
specified in 6.15.
5.3.6 Maximum allowable defect size for non-destructive evaluation (NDE)
The maximum allowable defect size at any point of the steel cylinder shall be specified, so
as to prevent failure of the steel cylinder due to leakage or rupture during its service life. The
method of determining the maximum allowable defect size is shown in Appendix B.
5.4 Manufacture
5.4.1 General requirements
5.4.1.1 In addition to the stipulations of this document, the manufacture of steel cylinders
shall also comply with the stipulations of product drawings and relevant standards.
5.4.1.2 The body of the steel cylinders is generally manufactured through the following
methods:
a) Use steel billets, steel ingots and steel rods as the raw materials, and manufacture
through extrusion, stretching or spinning, thinning and mouth-closing;
b) Use seamless steel pipes as the raw materials, and manufacture through bottom-
closing and mouth-closing;
c) Use steel plates as the raw materials, and manufacture through stamping, stretching
or spinning, thinning and mouth-closing.
5.4.1.3 During the bottom-closing and forming process of tubular gas cylinders, metal shall
not be added, and welding shall not be performed.
5.4.1.4 The manufacture of the steel cylinders shall be managed in batches. In accordance
with the sequence of heat treatment, no more than 200 cylinders, plus the number of
cylinders used for destructive tests shall constitute one batch.
5.4.1.5 The depth of the concave end of the steel cylinders shall comply with the specified
design value; the thickness of the spherical shell and annular shell at the end shall comply
with the design requirements.
5.4.1.6 The preform made of seamless steel pipes by spinning shall be subject to process
evaluation; the inner surface of the end of the cylinder body shall not have visible concave
holes, wrinkles, bumps and scales; the defects at the end are allowed to be removed, but the
design thickness of the end shall be ensured; the cylinder body shall not be subject to
welding repair. For the gas cylinders made of seamless steel pipes through bottom-closing,
before mouth-closing, the bottom air-tight test shall be carried out one by one.
5.4.1.7 For the surface defects of the cylinder body, it is allowed to use special tools for
grinding; after grinding, the requirements of 7.1.3 shall be met.
5.4.2 Heat treatment
5.4.2.1 The body of the steel cylinders shall be subject to heat treatment as a whole. The heat
treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the process with assessed conformity.
5.4.2.2 Oil or water-based quenching agent can be used as the quenching medium. When the
water-based quenching agent is used as the quenching medium, the cooling rate of the
cylinder body in the medium shall not be greater than 80% of the cooling rate in water at 20
C.
5.4.3 Non-destructive evaluation
After heat treatment, the body of the steel cylinders shall be subject to non-destructive
evaluation one by one.
5.4.4 Inner surface treatment of cylinder body
After the hydrostatic test, the body of the steel cylinders shall be subject to drying treatment
on the inner surface.
5.4.5 Accessories
5.4.5.1 Neck ring
If assembly is required, the assembly of the neck ring and the cylinder body shall not adopt
the mode of welding.
5.4.5.2 Cylinder cap
If assembly is required, the cylinder cap shall adopt a detachable structure.
5.4.5.3 Thread of accessories
For accessories with threaded connections, the thread profiles, sizes and tolerances shall
comply with the stipulations of GB/T 8335, GB/T 192, GB/T 196, GB/T 197 or GB/T 20668.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Wall Thickness and Manufacturing Tolerance
6.1.1 The wall thickness of the cylinder body shall be subject to the ultrasonic full-coverage
wall thickness measurement in accordance with Appendix C.
6.1.2 The manufacturing tolerance of the cylinder body is inspected with standard measuring
tools or special measuring tools and sample plates. The inspection items include the average
outer diameter, roundness, perpendicularity and straightness of the cylinder body.
6.2 Bottom Air-tight Test
Adopt an appropriate test device to pressurize the central area of the inner surface of the
bottom of the tubular cylinders; the pressurized area shall be at least 1/16 of the bottom area
of the cylinder body, and the diameter of the pressurized area shall be at least 20 mm; the
test medium can be clean air or nitrogen. After pressurizing to the test pressure of the air-
tight test, during the pressure holding period, brush soap solution at the center of the outer
surface of the bottom; hold the pressure for at least 1 min. During the pressure holding
period, observe whether the central area of the bottom of the cylinder body leaks.
6.3 Inner and Outer Surfaces
Conduct visual inspection; ensure sufficient brightness in the inspection environment. When
inspecting the inner surface, endoscopic lamps or endoscopes can be used.
6.8 Metallographic Test
6.8.1 The metallographic specimen can be cut from the cylinder body of the tensile test. The
preparation, size and method of the specimen shall comply with GB/T 13298.
6.8.2 The evaluation of microstructure shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 13320.
6.8.3 The depth of the decarburized layer shall comply with GB/T 224.
6.9 Non-destructive Evaluation
On-line automatic ultrasonic testing equipment shall be adopted for the evaluation, which
shall be performed in accordance with Appendix C.
6.10 Hardness Testing
Hardness shall be tested online in accordance with GB/T 230.1 or GB/T 231.1.
6.11 Hydrostatic Test
In accordance with the external measurement method specified in GB/T 9251, carry out the
hydrostatic test; the test pressure is 1.5P.
6.12 Air-tight Test
After passing the hydrostatic test, in accordance with the test method specified in GB/T
12137, conduct the air-tight test; the test pressure is P.
6.13 Hydrostatic Burst Test
6.13.1 The hydrostatic burst test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 15385.
6.13.2 The pressure rise rate of the hydrostatic burst test shall not exceed 0.5 MPa/s.
6.13.3 The pressure - time or pressure - water inflow curve shall be automatically drawn, so
as to determine the yield pressure and burst pressure of the cylinder body.
6.14 Pressure Cycling Test
6.14.1 The pressure cycling test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 9252.
6.14.2 The upper limit of the cyclic pressure shall not be lower than the hydrostatic test
pressure (Ph) of the gas cylinder; the lower limit of the cyclic pressure shall not be higher
than 2 MPa; the pressure cycling rate shall not exceed 10 times/min.
6.15 Fire Burning Test
6.15.1 Placement of steel cylinder
The steel cylinder shall be horizontally placed, and the lower side of the cylinder body shall
be about 100 mm above the fire source. Metal baffles shall be used to prevent flames from
directly contacting the cylinder valve and the pressure relief device. The metal baffles shall
not directly contact the pressure relief device and the cylinder valve.
6.15.2 Fire source
The length of the fire source is 1.65 m; the flame is evenly distributed. Within the length
range of the fire source, the flame shall be able to touch the outer surfaces of the lower part
and both sides of the steel cylinder.
6.15.3 Temperature and pressure measurement
At least 3 thermocouples shall be evenly arranged along the lower side of the steel cylinder,
so as to monitor the surface temperature; the distance between them is not less than 0.75 m.
Meanwhile, a pressure gauge for measuring and monitoring the pressure in the cylinder shall
be configured. Use metal baffles to prevent the flame from directly contacting the
thermocouples, or embed the thermocouples in a metal block whose side length is less than
25 mm. During the test, at an interval of no more than 30 s, the temperature of the
thermocouples and the pressure in the steel cylinder shall be recorded once.
6.15.4 General test requirements
Use natural gas or air to pressurize the steel cylinder to the nominal operating pressure.
During the fire burning test, measures shall be taken to prevent the sudden explosion of the
steel cylinder. After ignition, the flame shall quickly spread a length of 1.65 m and surround
the lower part and both sides of the steel cylinder. Within 5 min after ignition, at least one
thermocouple shall indicate a temperature of 590 C, and it shall not be lower than this
temperature during the subsequent test. For steel cylinders with a length not greater than
1.65 m, the central position shall be placed above the center of the fire source. For steel
cylinders with a length greater than 1.65 m, place them in accordance with the following
requirements:
a) If one end of the steel cylinder is equipped with a pressure relief device, the fire
source starts at the other end of the steel cylinder;
b) If both ends of the steel cylinder are equipped with pressure relief devices, then,
the fire source shall be at the center between the pressure relief devices;
c) If the steel cylinder is protected by an additional insulation layer, two fire burning
tests shall be carried out under the operating pressure: one with the center of the
fire source in the middle of the length of the steel cylinder; one with another
cylinder, so that the fire source starts at one of the two ends of the steel cylinder.
6.16 Gunshot Test
Use an armor-piercing bullet with a diameter of at least 7.62 mm to penetrate a steel cylinder
7.1.12.1 In accordance with the requirements of 6.11, carry out the hydrostatic test. Under
the hydrostatic test pressure (Ph), the pressure holding time shall not be less than 30 s; the
pointer of the pressure gauge shall not fall back, and the cylinder body shall not leak or be
obviously deformed. The rate of residual volumetric deformation shall not be greater than
5%.
7.1.12.2 The hydrostatic test report shall include the measured water volume and mass of the
steel cylinder. The values of the water volume and mass shall retain one decimal place.
EXAMPLE: the measured value of water volume or mass is 100.675: the value of water volume
is expressed as 100.6, and the value of mass is expressed as 100.7.
7.1.13 Air-tight test
The test pressure of the air-tight test shall be the nominal operating pressure; the pressure
holding time shall not be less than 1 min. The cylinder body, cylinder valve, and the
connection between the cylinder body and the cylinder valve shall not leak. If leakage
occurs due to assembly, it is allowed to carry out the test again.
7.1.14 Hydrostatic burst test
7.1.14.1 Check the pressure - time or pressure - water inflow curve of the hydrostatic burst
test; determine the measured yield pressure (Py) and the measured burst pressure (Pb) of the
cylinder body, which shall comply with the following requirements:
a) Py Ph/F;
b) Pb 1.6 Ph.
7.1.14.2 After the burst of the body of the steel cylinder, there shall be no fragments; the
burst opening shall be on the cylinder body; the breach crack shall not extend to the cylinder
mouth; the shape and size of the breach on the cylinder body shall comply with the
stipulations of Figure 8.
7.1.14.3 The main breach of the cylinder body shall be a plastic fracture, i.e., there shall be
an obvious shear lip on the edge of the fracture, and there shall be no obvious metal defects
on the fracture.
7.3 Batch Test
7.3.1 The batch test items shall satisfy the stipulations of Table 5.
7.3.2 One steel cylinder shall be randomly taken from each batch of steel cylinders for the
determination of various performance indicators (including tensile test, impact test, cold
bend test or flattening test) after the heat treatment of the cylinder body, and the steel
cylinder shall be subject to end dissection.
7.3.3 One steel cylinder shall be randomly taken from each batch of steel cylinders for the
hydrostatic burst test.
7.3.4 One steel cylinder shall be randomly taken from each batch of steel cylinders for the
pressure cycling test, and the test frequency is as follows:
a) For the first time, take one steel cylinder from each batch for the pressure cycling
test; the number of pressure cycles is not less than 15,000;
b) If 10 consecutive production batches belong to the same design family (i.e., similar
materials and processes, and compliance with the limiting conditions of design
alterations, see 7.2.3), and no leakage or rupture occurs after the number of
pressure cycles in the above-mentioned a) test reaches at least 22,500 times, then,
the frequency of the pressure cycling test can be reduced to one steel cylinder
taken from every five production batches;
c) If 10 consecutive production batches belong to the same design family, and no
leakage or rupture occurs after the number of pressure cycles in the above-
mentioned a) test reaches at least 30,000 times, then, the frequency of the pressure
cycling test can be reduced to one steel cylinder taken from every ten production
batches;
d) If the interruption exceeds 3 months from the last pressure cycling test, then, the
test frequency reduced in b) or c) above shall become invalid, and from the next
production batch, one cylinder shall be taken from each production batch for the
pressure cycling test, so as to re-establish the batch pressure cycling test frequency
reduced in b) or c);
e) If the pressure cycling test with a reduced frequency does not comply with the
number of pressure cycles (respectively, 22,500 and 30,000) required in test b) or
c), then, it is necessary to repeat the batch pressure cycling test frequency in a) for
at least 10 batches, so as to re-establish the batch pressure cycling test frequency
reduced in b) or c).
If the pressure cycling test in the above a), b) or c) of the steel cylinders cannot satisfy the
requirement of at least 15,000 times, then, it shall be handled in accordance with the
program in 7.5, so as to find out the cause of failure and correct it. Then, take three steel
cylinders from this batch and repeat the pressure cycling test. If any one of the steel
cylinders fails to reach 15,000 times, then, the batch of steel cylinders shall be scrapped.
7.4 One-by-one Inspection
Each steel cylinder produced in the same batch shall be subject to one-by-one inspection.
The inspection items shall comply with the stipulations of Table 5.
7.5 Re-inspection Rules
If the test result is disqualified, find out the cause of the disqualification and proceed in
accordance with the following requirements.
a) If the disqualification is caused by abnormal test operation or measurement error,
then, the test shall be repeated; if the result of the re-test is qualified, then, the
product shall be deemed as qualified in the test.
b) If it is confirmed that the failure is caused by heat treatment, it is allowed to re-
perform heat treatment on this batch of steel cylinders, but the number of repeated
heat treatment shall not be more than two times; the steel cylinders that have been
subject to the re-performed heat treatment shall ensure the design wall thickness;
the batch of steel cylinders that have been subject to the re-performed heat
treatment shall receive batch inspection as a new batch; in the quality inspection
record, the series numbers, reasons and conclusions of the steel cylinders under
repeat heat treatment shall be stated.
c) If it is confirmed that the disqualification is caused by reasons other than heat
treatment, all defective steel cylinders can be scrapped, or repaired in a suitable
mode. The repaired steel cylinders shall be subject to batch inspection again; if
they are qualified in the test, they shall be returned to the original batch.
8 Marking, Coating, Packaging, Transportation and
Storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Steel impression mark of steel cylinders
8.1.1.1 The steel impression mark of the steel cylinders shall be on the curved shoulder of
the cylinder body, and the form shown in Figure 9 can be adopted.
8.1.1.2 The steel impression mark on the steel cylinders can also be arranged along the
circumference of the cylinder shoulder, and the arrangement of each item may not be in the
sequence of the index numbers in Figure 9, but the items shall not be missing.
12---code of manufacturer;
13---design service life.
Figure 9 -- Schematic Diagram of Steel Impression Marks of Steel Cylinders
8.1.2 Electronic identification mark of steel cylinders
8.1.2.1 Every steel cylinder exiting the factory shall be equipped with a firm and
indestructible electronic identification mark (for example, a QR code or an electronic chip)
in a conspicuous position as the electronic certificate of conformity of the steel cylinder
product.
8.1.2.2 The information recorded in the electronic certificate of conformity of the steel
cylinder product shall be effectively stored and publicized on the safety traceability
information platform of steel cylinders. The stored and publicized information shall be
traceable, exchangeable, query-able and tamper-proof.
8.1.3 Color mark
The color of the steel cylinders is brown; the characters are “Natural Gas”; the characters are
white; the others shall comply with GB/T 7144.
8.2 Coating
8.2.1 Before the steel cylinder is coated, the surface oil stains, rust and other impurities shall
be removed, and the coating can be carried out under dry conditions.
8.2.2 The coating shall be uniform and firm, and there shall be no defects like air bubbles,
paint flow marks, cracks and peeling, etc.
8.3 Packaging
8.3.1 In accordance with the user’s requirements, if the steel cylinders are not equipped with
a cylinder valve, then, the mouth of the cylinder shall be sealed with reliable measures, so as
to prevent contamination.
8.3.2 The packaging can be in bundles, boxes or in bulk.
8.4 Transportation
8.4.1 The transportation of the steel cylinders shall comply with the stipulations of the
transportation department.
8.4.2 During the transportation, loading and unloading of the steel cylinders, it is necessary
to prevent collision, moisture and damage to the accessories.
8.5 Storage
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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