GB/T 150.1-2024 PDF in English
GB/T 150.1-2024 (GB/T150.1-2024, GBT 150.1-2024, GBT150.1-2024)
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Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
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| GB 150.1-2011 | English | 125 |
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[GB/T 150.1-2011] Pressure vessels -- Part 1: General requirements
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[Replaced by GB 150.1-2011~GB150.4-2011] Steel pressure vessels [including MODIFICATION 1]
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 150.1-2024
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GB/T 150.1-2024: PDF in English (GBT 150.1-2024) GB/T 150.1-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 150.1-2011
Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
ISSUED ON: JULY 24, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 9
3 Terms, definitions, symbols... 10
4 Failure mode ... 14
5 Basic requirements ... 15
Appendix A (Normative) Declaration of conformity and revision of standards ... 36
Appendix B (Normative) Overpressure relief device ... 38
Appendix C (Normative) Determine the design pressure of vessel by confirmatory burst
test ... 67
Appendix D (Normative) Comparative experience design ... 71
Appendix E (Normative) Analysis and assessment of local structure stress ... 73
Appendix F (Normative) Risk assessment report ... 74
Pressure vessels - Part 1: General requirements
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the general requirements for materials, design, fabrication,
inspection and acceptance of metal pressure vessels.
1.2 The design pressure applicable to this document is:
a) Steel vessels are not greater than 35 MPa;
b) Other metal vessels are determined according to the corresponding reference
standards.
1.3 The design temperature applicable to this document is:
a) Design temperature range: -269 °C ~ 900 °C;
b) The design temperature range of steel vessels is determined according to the
allowable use temperature range of materials listed in GB/T 150.2;
c) Other metal vessels are determined according to the allowable use temperature of
materials listed in the corresponding reference standards of this document.
1.4 The structural forms applicable to this document are:
a) The structural forms of steel vessels applicable to this document are determined
according to the corresponding provisions of this document and GB/T 150.2 ~
GB/T 150.4.
b) The structural forms and applicable scopes of the specific structural vessels and
aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel, nickel alloy, zirconium vessels within the
scope of application of this document shall comply with the corresponding
requirements of the following standards:
1) GB/T 151 heat exchanger;
2) GB/T 12337 Steel spherical tanks;
3) JB/T 4734 Aluminium welded vessels;
4) JB/T 4755 Copper pressure vessels;
5) JB/T 4756 Nickel and nickel alloy pressure vessels;
6) NB/T 11270 Titanium pressure vessel;
7) NB/T 47011 Zirconium pressure vessel;
8) NB/T 47041 Vertical vessels supported by skirt;
9) NB/T 47042 Horizontal vessels on saddle supports.
1.5 This document does not apply to the following vessels:
a) Vessels with a design pressure lower than 0.1 MPa and a vacuum lower than 0.02
MPa;
b) Vessels governed by the "Regulations on safety technical supervision of mobile
pressure vessels";
c) Pressure chambers that are self-contained or components of rotating or
reciprocating mechanical equipment (such as pump casings, compressor casings,
turbine casings, hydraulic cylinders, papermaking rollers, etc.);
d) Vessels with a risk of failure due to neutron radiation damage in nuclear power
devices;
e) Vessels heated by direct flames;
f) Vessels with an inner diameter (for non-circular cross-sections, the maximum
geometric dimension of the inner boundary of the cross-section, such as: the
diagonal for a rectangle and the major axis for an ellipse) less than 150 mm;
g) Glass-lined vessels and vessels in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry
that have other national standards or industry standards.
1.6 The scope of vessel definition is as follows.
a) Connection between the vessel body and the external pipeline:
1) The first circumferential joint groove end face of the welded connection;
2) The first threaded joint end face of the threaded connection;
3) The first flange sealing surface of the flange connection;
4) The first sealing surface of the special connector or pipe fitting connection.
b) Pressure-bearing heads, flat covers and their fasteners of pipe connections,
manholes, handholes, etc.
c) The connection welds between non-pressure components and pressure
components.
5.2.1 Qualifications
The design and fabrication organizations of pressure vessels under the jurisdiction of
TSG 21 shall hold the corresponding special equipment production license.
5.2.2 Responsibilities
5.2.2.1 Responsibilities of the user or design client
The user or design client shall perform the following responsibilities.
a) The user or design client of the vessel shall submit the User’s Design Specification
(UDS) to the design organization in a formal written form, which shall at least
include the following contents:
1) The main standards and specifications on which the vessel design is based;
2) Operating parameters (including working pressure, working temperature range,
alternating load conditions, liquid level, pipe load, etc.);
3) The place where the pressure vessel is used and its natural conditions
(including ambient temperature, seismic fortification intensity, wind and snow
load, etc.);
4) Medium components and characteristics;
5) Expected service life;
6) Geometric parameters and nozzle orientation;
7) The possibility and cause of overpressure during the service of the vessel;
8) Other necessary conditions required for the design.
b) The user or design client of the vessel shall comply with the following provisions.
1) Consider the possible overpressure risk of the vessel.
2) When the pressure source comes from outside the pressure vessel and is
reliably controlled, the overpressure relief device may not be directly installed
on the pressure vessel; when the overpressure relief device cannot be installed
due to process or environmental factors, a system safety design method with
reliability not less than that of the overpressure relief device shall be used, to
prevent overpressure of the pressure vessel.
3) The user shall confirm that the overpressure relief device has been correctly
installed in the designated position before the first operation of the vessel.
5.2.2.2 Responsibilities of the design organization
The design organization shall perform the following duties:
a) The design organization shall be responsible for the correctness and completeness
of the design documents;
b) The design organization shall provide the design client with the design documents
specified in 5.3.7;
c) The design general drawing of the pressure vessel under the jurisdiction of TSG
21 shall be stamped with the design organization's special design seal (the
photocopy seal is invalid);
d) The risk assessment report issued by the design organization to the vessel user
shall comply with the requirements of Appendix F;
e) The design organization shall keep all vessel design documents within the design
service life of the vessel.
5.2.2.3 Responsibilities of the fabrication organization
The fabrication organization shall perform the following duties.
a) The fabrication organization shall fabricate in accordance with the requirements
of the design documents. If the original design needs to be modified, the original
design organization shall obtain written documents agreeing to the modification,
meanwhile make detailed records of the modified parts.
b) The fabrication organization shall formulate a complete quality plan before
fabricating the vessel; its content shall at least include the fabrication process
control points, inspection items and qualified indicators of the vessel or
component.
c) During the fabrication process and after completion of the vessel, the inspection
department of the fabrication organization shall conduct various inspections and
tests on the vessel, in accordance with the provisions of this document, drawings
and quality plans; issue corresponding reports; be responsible for the correctness
and completeness of the reports.
d) After passing the inspection, the fabrication organization shall issue a product
quality certificate.
e) The fabrication organization shall keep at least the following technical documents
for each vessel product it manufactures within the design service life of the vessel:
1) Quality plan;
the gravity load of the medium contained under normal working conditions or
pressure test conditions;
b) The gravity load of auxiliary equipment and insulation materials, linings,
pipelines, stairs, platforms, etc.;
c) Wind loads, earthquake loads, snow loads;
d) The reaction force of the support, base ring, lugs and other types of support parts;
e) The force of connecting pipes and other components;
f) The force caused by temperature gradient or different thermal expansion;
g) Impact loads, including impact loads caused by rapid pressure fluctuations,
reaction forces caused by fluid impact, etc.;
h) The force during transportation or lifting.
5.3.3 Determination of design pressure or calculated pressure
When determining the design pressure or calculated pressure, the following provisions
shall be followed:
a) When an overpressure relief device is installed on the vessel, the design pressure
shall be determined according to Appendix B;
b) For vessels containing liquefied gas, if there are reliable cold-keeping facilities,
within the specified filling coefficient range, the design pressure shall be
determined according to the maximum temperature that the medium in the vessel
may reach under working conditions; otherwise, it shall be determined according
to TSG 21;
c) For external pressure vessels (such as vacuum vessels, submerged vessels, buried
vessels), when determining the calculated pressure, the maximum internal and
external pressure difference that may occur under normal working conditions
shall be taken into account;
d) When determining the casing thickness of a vacuum vessel, the design pressure
shall be calculated based on the external pressure. When a safety control device
(such as a vacuum relief valve) is installed, the design pressure shall be the lower
value of 1.25 times the maximum internal and external pressure difference or 0.1
MPa; where there is no safety control device, 0.1 MPa shall be taken;
e) For vessels composed of 2 or more pressure chambers, such as jacketed vessels,
the design pressure of each pressure chamber shall be determined separately.
When determining the calculated pressure of common components, the maximum
pressure difference between adjacent chambers shall be taken into account.
5.3.4 Determination of design temperature
The determination of the design temperature of pressure vessels shall comply with the
following provisions.
a) The maximum design temperature shall not be lower than the maximum
temperature that the component metal may reach in the working state. The
minimum design temperature shall not be higher than the minimum temperature
that the component metal may reach.
b) When the metal temperature of each part of the vessel is different in the working
state, the design temperature of each part can be set separately.
c) The metal temperature of the component is determined by the following methods:
1) Obtained by heat transfer calculation;
2) Measured on the same type of vessel that has been used;
3) Determined according to the temperature of the medium inside the vessel and
combined with external conditions.
d) When determining the minimum design temperature, consider the influence of the
low temperature conditions of the atmospheric environment on the metal
temperature of the vessel casing during operation. The low temperature
conditions of the atmospheric environment refer to the lowest value of the average
monthly minimum temperature over the years (referring to the sum of the
minimum temperature values of each day of the month divided by the number of
days in the month).
5.3.5 Working conditions
For vessels with different working conditions, it shall be designed according to the most
demanding working conditions. If necessary, the combination of different working
conditions shall be considered; the pressure and temperature values under the operating
conditions and design conditions of each working condition shall be indicated in the
drawings or relevant technical documents.
5.3.6 Thickness
5.3.6.1 Thickness addition
The thickness addition is determined according to formula (1):
Where:
report, design drawings, fabrication technical conditions, installation and
maintenance instructions when necessary;
b) For pressure vessels equipped with overpressure relief devices such as safety
valves and bursting discs, the design documents shall also include calculations of
the safe relief volume of the pressure vessel, the relief volume of the safety valve,
the relief area of the bursting disc; when the calculation is performed by software
simulation or cannot be calculated, the design organization shall consult with the
design entrusting organization or the user organization to select the overpressure
relief device.
5.3.7.1.2 The risk assessment report, strength calculation and design general drawing
in the design documents shall be signed at least at the design, verification, review levels;
for category III pressure vessels, they shall also be approved by the technical person in
charge of the pressure vessel design organization or its authorized person (4-level
signature).
5.3.7.1.3 The retention period of the design documents shall not be less than the design
service life of the pressure vessel.
5.3.7.2 General design drawing
The general design drawing shall meet the following requirements.
a) The design drawing of the pressure vessel shall indicate at least the following:
1) Name and category of the pressure vessel; the main regulations and product
standards for design and fabrication;
2) Working conditions, including working pressure, working temperature,
medium characteristics (toxicity and explosion hazard, etc.);
3) Design conditions, including design temperature (including minimum design
temperature and maximum design temperature), design load (all loads
considered including pressure), medium (components), corrosion allowance,
welding joint coefficient, natural conditions, etc.; for storage tanks storing
liquefied gas, the filling coefficient shall also be indicated; for storage vessels
with stress corrosion tendency, the limited content of corrosive media shall
also be indicated;
4) Material designations and material standards of the main pressure-bearing
components;
5) Main characteristic parameters (such as pressure vessel volume, heat exchange
area, number of passes of heat exchangers);
6) Design service life of the pressure vessel (the number of cycles shall be
indicated for fatigue vessels);
7) Special fabrication requirements;
8) Heat treatment requirements;
9) Non-destructive testing requirements;
10) Pressure resistance test and leakage test requirements;
11) Requirements for corrosion prevention;
12) Specifications and special ordering requirements for safety accessories and
instruments (except those already considered by the process system);
13) Location of pressure vessel nameplate;
14) Requirements for packaging, transportation, on-site welding, installation.
b) Special requirements for the design general drawing:
1) For multi-cavity pressure vessels, indicate the test pressure of each cavity
separately. If there are special requirements, indicate the allowable pressure
difference on both sides of the common element, as well as the test steps and
test requirements;
2) For pressure vessels equipped with catalysts and pressure vessels equipped
with fillers, indicate the technical requirements for regular inspection during
use;
3) For pressure vessels that cannot be internally inspected due to structural
reasons, indicate the requirements for required thickness and regular
inspection during use;
4) For pressure vessels that cannot be subjected to pressure resistance tests,
indicate the required thickness and special requirements for fabrication and
use;
5) For pressure vessels with thermal insulation linings, indicate the technical
measures to prevent overheating of pressure-bearing components;
6) For pressure vessels that require thermal or cold insulation, propose thermal or
cold insulation measures.
5.4 Allowable stress
5.4.1 General requirements
d) The joints between the pipe (including the manhole cylinder), flange,
reinforcement ring, etc. and the shell are all category D welded joints, except for
the welded joints that have been specified as category A, category B, category C.
5.5.1.2 The connection joints between non-pressure components and pressure
components are category E welded joints, as shown in Figure 1.
5.5.2 Welding joint coefficient
5.5.2.1 The welding joint coefficient φ shall be determined, according to the weld form
of the butt joint and the length ratio of the non-destructive testing.
5.5.2.2 The welding joint coefficient of steel pressure vessels is specified as follows.
a) Double-sided butt joints and full penetration butt joints equivalent to double-sided
welding:
1) For full non-destructive testing, take φ = 1.0;
2) For local non-destructive testing, take φ = 0.85.
b) Single-sided butt joints (with a pad close to the base metal along the entire length
of the weld root):
1) For full non-destructive testing, take φ = 0.9;
2) For local non-destructive testing, take φ = 0.8.
5.5.2.3 The welding joint coefficients of other metal materials shall be in accordance
with the provisions of JB/T 4734, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, NB/T11270, NB/T 47011.
5.6 Pressure test
5.6.1 General requirements
5.6.1.1 Pressure test includes: hydraulic test, air pressure test, gas-liquid combination
test.
5.6.1.2 After the vessel is manufactured, it shall be subjected to pressure test. The type,
requirements, test pressure value of the test shall be indicated on the drawing.
5.6.1.3 The pressure test generally adopts hydraulic test; the test liquid shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 150.4 or relevant standards.
5.6.1.4 For vessels that are not suitable for hydraulic test, air pressure test or gas-liquid
combination test can be adopted. Vessels subjected to air pressure test or gas-liquid
combination test shall meet the requirements of GB/T 150.4 or relevant standards.
5.6.1.5 When adopting gas-liquid combination test, the test liquid and gas shall meet
the requirements of 5.6.1.3 and 5.6.1.4, respectively; the test pressure shall be in
accordance with the provisions of air pressure test.
5.6.1.6 The pressure test of external pressure vessels shall be carried out at the internal
pressure; the test pressure shall be in accordance with the provisions of 5.6.2.3.
5.6.1.7 For multi-chamber vessels composed of 2 or more pressure chambers, the test
pressure of each pressure chamber shall be determined according to its design pressure;
each pressure chamber shall be subjected to pressure test separately. The stability of
common components shall be considered in the following way.
a) Check the stability of common components under the test pressure.
b) If the stability requirements cannot be met, a leakage check shall be carried out
first; a pressure test shall be carried out after passing the test. When conducting a
pressure test, a certain pressure shall be maintained in adjacent pressure chambers,
so that at any time during the entire test process (including pressure increase,
pressure holding, pressure relief), the pressure difference of each pressure
chamber does not exceed the allowable pressure difference. This requirement and
the allowable pressure difference value shall be indicated on the drawing.
c) If it is necessary to increase the test pressure of a certain chamber, the provisions
of 5.6.3 shall be met.
5.6.2 Pressure test pressure
5.6.2.1 Minimum pressure of pressure test
The minimum pressure of pressure test shall be in accordance with the provisions of
5.6.2.2 and 5.6.2.3, meanwhile comply with the following requirements:
a) For vertical vessels, when the horizontal position is used for hydraulic test, the
test pressure shall be included in the static pressure of the liquid column during
the vertical test;
b) When the static pressure of the liquid column of the medium contained under
working conditions is greater than the static pressure of the liquid column of the
pressure test, the test pressure shall be appropriately increased.
5.6.2.2 Internal pressure vessels
The minimum pressure of the hydraulic test, gas pressure test or gas-liquid combination
test of the internal pressure vessel is calculated as follows:
a) The minimum pressure of the hydraulic test is calculated according to formula
(15):
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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