GB/T 150.2-2024 PDF in English
GB/T 150.2-2024 (GB/T150.2-2024, GBT 150.2-2024, GBT150.2-2024)
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Pressure vessels - Part 2：Materials
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[GB/T 150.2-2011] Pressure vessels -- Part 2: Materials [including Amendment XG1]
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 150.2-2024
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GB/T 150.2-2024: PDF in English (GBT 150.2-2024) GB/T 150.2-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 150.2-2011
Pressure vessels - Part 2.Materials
ISSUED ON. JULY 24, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 9
4 General requirements... 9
5 Steel plates... 17
6 Steel pipes... 24
7 Steel forgings... 30
8 Steel bars for studs (including bolts) and nuts... 33
9 Welding materials... 38
Appendix A (Normative) Supplementary provisions for steel... 40
Appendix B (Normative) Technical requirements that steel materials shall meet when
included in this document... 43
Appendix C (Normative) Allowable stress... 48
Appendix D (Normative) Requirements for the use of Q235 series steel plates... 76
Appendix E (Informative) High-temperature yield strength, high-temperature
endurance strength limit average value, elastic modulus, average linear expansion
coefficient of steel materials... 78
Appendix F (Informative) Approximate comparison of high alloy steel designations 93
References... 95
Pressure vessels - Part 2.Materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the designations and standards of steel materials allowed for
pressure components of steel pressure vessels, additional technical requirements for
steel materials, the use range of steel materials (temperature and pressure), the
allowable stress of steel materials, the basic requirements for welding materials.
This document is applicable to pressure vessels, which have a design temperature of -
269 °C ~ 800 °C and a design pressure not exceeding 35 MPa.
This document does not apply to the inapplicable scope specified in GB/T 150.1.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced documents with
dates, only the versions corresponding to the dates apply to this document; for
referenced documents without dates, the latest versions (including all amendments)
apply to this document.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1.General requirements
GB/T 150.3 Pressure vessels - Part 3.Design
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1.Method of test at room
temperature
GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2.Method of test at elevated
temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 709 Dimension, shape, weight and tolerance for hot-rolled steel strip, plate
and sheet
GB/T 713.7 Steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure equipments - Part 7.Stainless
steel and heat resisting steel
studs (including bolts) and welding materials for pressure vessels.
4.2 Steel for pressure vessels shall be steel with good weldability; the steel for non-
pressure components welded to pressure components shall also be steel with good
weldability.
4.3 Austenitic stainless steel that is not included in this document but is included in
GB/T 20878 and GB/T 713.7 is allowed; however, its technical requirements (such as
phosphorus and sulfur content, strength index) shall not be lower than the provisions of
designations with similar chemical composition in the corresponding steel standards
included in this document.
4.4 When steel materials not listed in this document are used (except steel materials that
meet the requirements of 4.3), their technical requirements shall comply with the
relevant provisions of Appendix A.
4.5 Steel materials used for pressure-bearing components of pressure vessels shall be
accompanied by a steel quality certificate issued by the steel manufacturer. The contents
of the quality certificate (including the heat treatment process parameters of the steel in
the delivery state when necessary) shall be complete and clear, printed with traceable
information identification, stamped with the quality inspection stamp of the material
manufacturer. Traceable information includes the name of the steel manufacturer, steel
standard number, designation, specification, furnace batch number, delivery state, heat
treatment process parameters (when necessary), the date of issuance of the quality
certificate. Traceable information markings include QR codes or bar codes, etc.
4.6 The vessel manufacturer shall inspect and accept the steel materials according to
the quality certificate. If there is no original steel quality certificate issued by the steel
manufacturer, the official seal of the material business organization and the signature
(seal) of the person in charge shall be stamped on the copy of the original steel quality
certificate.
4.7 The selection of steel for pressure vessel’s pressure components shall be determined
based on the use conditions of the vessel (such as design temperature, design pressure,
medium characteristics, operating characteristics, etc.), the chemical composition,
microstructure, properties (mechanical properties, process properties, chemical
properties, physical properties) of the steel, the manufacturing process of the vessel, the
economic rationality.
4.8 Steel for pressure vessel’s pressure components shall be smelted in oxygen
converter or electric furnace, or by electroslag remelting. For low alloy steel plates and
low alloy steel forgings with a standard tensile strength lower limit greater than 540
MPa, austenite-ferrite stainless steel plates, low temperature steel plates, low
temperature steel forgings, low temperature steel pipes with a use temperature below -
20 °C, out-of-furnace refining shall also be used.
energy value and lateral expansion value of one standard specimen are allowed
to be lower than the specified values in Table 1; however, it shall not be lower
than 70% of the specified values in Table 1.When the impact test results do not
meet the above requirements, 3 more standard specimens shall be taken from the
same position and direction of the steel for re-testing. The average impact
absorption energy and lateral expansion value of the two groups of 6 standard
specimens shall not be lower than the specified values in Table 1.It is allowed
that 2 standard specimens are lower than the specified values, but only 1 specimen
is allowed to be lower than 70% of the specified values.
c) When standard specimens cannot be prepared for steel (steel thickness is less than
11 mm), small-sized specimens with a thickness of 7.5 mm or 5 mm shall be
prepared in turn. The average impact absorption energy value is 75% or 50% of
the average impact absorption energy value of the standard specimen, respectively.
The requirements for the impact absorption energy value of a single standard
specimen shall comply with the provisions of 4.11b). When the steel can be
prepared as standard specimens, small-size specimens with a thickness of 7.5 mm
or 5 mm are prepared. The impact test temperature shall be reduced by 5 °C and
10 °C, respectively (except for steel with an impact test temperature below -
100 °C). The average impact absorption energy is 75% or 50% of the average
impact absorption energy of the standard specimen, respectively. The
requirements for the impact absorption energy value of a single standard
specimen shall comply with the provisions of 4.11b).
d) In the steel standard, if the average impact absorption energy and the average
lateral expansion value of the steel are higher than those specified in Table 1, the
average impact absorption energy and the average lateral expansion value shall
also comply with the provisions of the corresponding steel standard.
e) The lateral expansion value of the Charpy impact specimen is determined in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 229.The qualified index of the lateral
expansion value of the impact specimen has nothing to do with the size of the
impact specimen.
f) For low alloy steel plates and forgings with impact test temperature of -40 °C ~ -
100 °C, the transformation temperature Tt can be determined according to GB/T
229 (such as. the transformation temperature Tt47 determined by the specified
absorption energy value of 47 J, the transformation temperature Tt50%US
determined by the specified absorption energy’s upper platform percentage of
50%, the transformation temperature Tt0.53 determined by the specified lateral
expansion value of 0.53 mm, or the transformation temperature Tt50%SFA
determined by the specified shear section rate of 50%).
g) The impact test requirements of steel plates shall comply with the relevant
provisions of Chapter 5.For Q245R, Q345R, 13MnNiMoR steel plates, if a -
4.18 of this document, it shall provide a specific description of the material selection
that meets the basic safety requirements of TSG 21 in the design documents, including
the mechanical properties, physical properties, process properties, compatibility with
the medium, etc.; propose specific material ordering technical conditions; clarify the
relevant technical requirements for pressure vessel manufacturing, use, inspection, etc.;
be responsible for the design and material selection.
4.20 When steel that meets the provisions of 4.15, 4.16, 4.18 is selected for the main
pressure-bearing components of the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel manufacturer
shall conduct a verification re-inspection of its chemical composition (by furnace
number) and mechanical properties (by batch number). After the re-inspection results
are confirmed as qualified by the supervisory inspection agency, they can be put into
use; the material re-inspection report shall be included in the product quality
certification documents.
4.21 The technical requirements for the use of steel materials used in the main pressure
components, which are included in this document but not included in the national
standard for special steel plates for pressure vessels (pressure-bearing equipment), the
industry standard for special forgings, the industry standard for special composite steel
plates, the national standard or industry standard for steel pipes (except for steel
materials that meet the requirements of 4.3), the use regulations of steel materials of
foreign designations, shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A.
4.22 The substitution of steel materials for pressure components by pressure vessel
manufacturing or on-site welding organizations shall obtain written approval from the
original design organization and make detailed records on the completion drawings.
4.23 The technical requirements that steel materials included in this document shall
meet shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B.
4.24 The allowable stress of each steel material shall be determined in accordance with
TSG 21 and GB/T 150.1.The allowable stress of each steel material shall be in
accordance with the provisions of Table C.1 ~ Table C.8.The allowable stress at the
intermediate temperature of the allowable stress Table of each steel material can be
obtained by interpolation.
4.25 The use requirements of Q235 series steel plates shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Appendix D.
4.26 For the high temperature yield strength of steel, see Table E.1 ~ Table E.8 in
Appendix E; for the average value of the high temperature endurance strength limit, see
Table E.9 ~ Table E.12; for the elastic modulus, see Table E.13; for the average linear
expansion coefficient, see Table E.14.
4.27 For the approximate comparison of high alloy steel designations, see Table F.1 in
Appendix F.
5 Steel plates
5.1 Non-alloy steel and alloy steel plates
5.1.1 The service state, thickness, upper limit of service temperature, allowable stress
of steel plates in GB/T 713.1, GB/T 713.2, GB/T 713.3, GB/T 713.4, GB/T 713.6 shall
be in accordance with the provisions of Table C.1.
5.1.2 For all steel plates rolled from continuous casting billets or ingots in Table C.1,
the compression ratio shall be not less than 3.0; for steel plates rolled from directional
solidification billets, the compression ratio shall be not less than 2.4.The compression
ratio of steel plates rolled from electroslag remelted steel billets shall not be less than
2.0.
5.1.3 The steel plates delivered by the steel plate manufacturer shall be supplied
according to the use status in Table C.1.
5.1.4 The following non-alloy steel and low-alloy steel plates shall be used in the
normalized state.
a) Q245R, GB/SA516 Gr 485, Q345R used for the inner tube of multi-layer vessels;
b) Q245R, GB/SA516 Gr 485, Q345R used for shell thickness greater than 36 mm;
c) Q245R, GB/SA516 Gr 485, Q345R used for other pressure components (flanges,
tube sheets, flat covers, etc.) with a thickness greater than 60 mm;
d) For Q345R steel plates with a thickness greater than 50 mm, the normalized plus
tempered state can replace the normalized state.
5.1.5 The following non-alloy steel and alloy steel plates shall be subjected to tensile
and V-notch impact tests after heat treatment (impact test temperature shall comply with
the corresponding steel plate standards).
a) Quenched and tempered steel plates;
b) Inner tube steel plates of multi-layer vessels;
c) Steel plates with shell thickness greater than 60 mm.
5.1.6 For shell steel plates with a thickness greater than 36 mm in the quenched and
tempered state and a thickness greater than 80 mm in the normalized or normalized plus
tempered state, an additional set of impact tests may be added with samples taken at 1/2
of the thickness. The impact test temperature shall comply with the provisions of the
corresponding steel plate standards; the impact performance index shall comply with
the provisions of Table 1.If the impact performance index of the samples taken at 1/2
in GB/T 713.1, GB/T 713.2, GB/T 713.3, GB/T 713.4, GB/T 713.6 is higher than that
5.2.3 The delivery status of steel plates and strips shall comply with the corresponding
provisions of GB/T 713.7.Ferritic stainless steel plates and strips shall be delivered in
the annealed state; austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates and strips and austenitic
stainless steel plates and strips shall be delivered in the solution heat treated state.
5.2.4 The dimensional accuracy of hot-rolled thick steel plates, hot-rolled steel plates,
steel strips in GB/T 713.7 is divided into two levels. ordinary thickness accuracy (code
PT.A) and higher thickness accuracy (code PT.B). The steel plates and steel strips for
pressure vessels should adopt ordinary thickness accuracy. If higher thickness accuracy
is required, it shall be indicated in the design documents.
5.2.5 The surface processing types of steel plates in GB/T 713.7 are divided into 1E
(hot rolling, heat treatment, mechanical descaling) and 1D (hot rolling, heat treatment,
pickling); cold-rolled products are divided into 2D (cold rolling, heat treatment,
pickling or descaling), 2B (cold rolling, heat treatment, pickling or descaling, bright
processing), BA (cold rolling, bright annealing). The surface processing type of steel
plates shall be indicated in the design documents. Hot-rolled products of pressure
vessel’s steel plates should adopt 1D; cold-rolled products should adopt 2B.
5.2.6 Austenitic stainless steel plates and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates used in
corrosive environments shall be subjected to intergranular corrosion tests according to
GB/T 4334 or GB/T 21433; ferritic stainless steel plates shall be subjected to
intergranular corrosion tests according to GB/T 31935 or GB/T 32571.The evaluation
index shall be specified in the design documents.
5.2.7 When the use temperature is higher than 600 °C, the stainless steel plates with the
unified digital code S30409, S31609, S32169, S34779 shall be subjected to grain size
inspection according to GB/T 6394; the average grain size grade shall be grades 3 ~ 7.
5.2.8 The impact test results of austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates shall be in
accordance with the provisions of 4.10b). The impact test results of austenitic stainless
steel plates shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 713.7 and 4.10b) and
4.10c). Other requirements for impact test shall be in accordance with the provisions of
4.11b) and 4.11c).
5.2.9 For steel plates used for shells, the lower limit of the use temperature shall be in
accordance with the following provisions.
a) 0 °C for ferritic stainless steel plates;
b) -40 °C for austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates;
c) -269 °C for austenitic stainless steel plates.
5.2.10 The design documents may propose the requirement of additional inspection
Rp1.0 for austenitic stainless steel plates in accordance with GB/T 713.7; determine the
allowable stress of the steel plates in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 150.1
b) The grade of titanium-steel composite plates shall be 1 or 2; the unbonded rate
shall not be greater than 2%. The grade of titanium-steel composite plates shall
be indicated in the design documents;
c) The lower limit of the use temperature of titanium-steel composite plates shall
comply with the provisions of 4.9 for base materials; the upper limit of the use
temperature is 350 °C;
d) The bonding shear strength of the composite interface of titanium-steel composite
plates shall not be less than 140 MPa.
5.3.4 Copper-steel composite plates shall comply with the following provisions.
a) The technical requirements of copper-steel composite plates shall comply with the
provisions of NB/T 47002.4;
b) The grade of copper-steel composite plates shall be 1 or 2; the unbonded rate shall
not be greater than 2%. The grade of copper-steel composite plates shall be
indicated in the design documents;
c) The lower limit of the use temperature of copper-steel composite plates shall
comply with the provisions of 4.9 for substrates; the upper limit of the use
temperature is 200 °C;
d) The bonding shear strength of the composite interface of copper-steel composite
plates shall not be less than 100 MPa.
6 Steel pipes
6.1 Non-alloy steel and alloy steel pipes
6.1.1 Steel pipe standards, use states, wall thickness, upper limit of use temperature,
allowable stress shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table C.3.For steel pipes
which have a wall thickness greater than 30 mm and a use temperature below -20 °C,
the normalizing in the Table shall not be replaced by hot rolling with a final rolling
temperature that meets the normalizing temperature.
6.1.2 The steel used for steel pipes, which have a design temperature below -20 °C in
Table C.3, shall be refined in an electric arc furnace or oxygen converter and subjected
to vacuum refining, or smelted by electroslag remelting.
6.1.3 The use requirements of 10, 20, Q345D steel pipes in GB/T 8163 are as follows.
a) Steel used for steel pipes shall be refined in an electric arc furnace or oxygen
converter and subjected to vacuum refining.
b) It shall not be used for heat exchange tubes of shell and tube heat exchangers.
c) The sulfur content in the steel shall not exceed 0.020%.
d) The design pressure shall not exceed 4.0 MPa.
e) The 10, 20, Q345D steel pipes, which have an outer diameter of not less than 76
mm and a wall thickness of not less than 6.5 mm, shall be subjected to
longitudinal impact test. The impact test temperature is -10 °C, 0 °C, -20 °C,
respectively. The average impact absorption energy of three standard specimens
shall not be less than 34J, 34J, 41J, respectively. The minimum value of one
standard specimen and the impact absorption energy index of small-sized
specimens shall be in accordance with the provisions of 4.11b) and 4.11c). The
impact specimen shall preferably be a larger-sized specimen.
f) The lower limit of the use temperature of 10, 20, Q345D steel pipes is -10 °C, 0 °C,
-20 °C, respectively.
g) The wall thickness of 10 and 20 steel pipes shall not exceed 10 mm; the wall
thickness of Q345D steel pipe shall not exceed 16 mm.
h) It shall not be used for media with extremely or highly toxic hazard.
i) Steel pipes shall be subjected to hydraulic test one by one. With the agreement
between the supplier and the buyer, the eddy current test of steel pipes (one by
one) can be carried out in accordance with GB/T 7735-2016 instead of the
hydraulic test. The artificial defects of the comparison sample pipes shall comply
with the provisions of the acceptance level E4H or E4, E5 in GB/T 7735-2016.
6.1.4 The use requirements of various designations of steel pipes in GB/T 6479 are as
follows.
a) Steel for steel pipes shall be refined in an electric arc furnace or oxygen converter,
then vacuum refined or smelted by electroslag remelting;
b) The 10, 20, Q345D, Q345E steel pipes, which have an outer diameter of not less
than 76 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 6.5 mm, shall be subjected to
longitudinal impact tests at -10 °C, 0 °C, -20 °C, -40 °C, respectively. The average
impact absorption energy of the three standard specimens shall not be less than
40J, 40J, 41J, 47J, respectively. The minimum value of one specimen and the
impact absorption energy index of the small-sized specimen shall be in
accordance with the provisions of 4.11b) and 4.11c). The impact specimen shall
preferably be a larger-sized specimen;
c) The lower limit of the use temperature of 10, 20, Q345D, Q345E steel pipes is -
10 °C, 0 °C, -20 °C, -40 °C respectively;
d) The supplier and the buyer agree that 10 and 20 steel pipes can be subjected to -
20 °C longitudinal impact test; the average impact absorption energy of 3 standard
specimens is not less than 40 J. At this time, the lower limit of the use temperature
of 10 and 20 steel pipes is -20 °C;
e) The 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 12Cr2Mo, 12Cr5Mo steel pipes which have an outer
diameter of not less than 76 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 6.5 mm shall
be subjected to 20 °C longitudinal impact test; the average impact absorption
energy of 3 standard specimens shall be not less than 47J, 47J, 60J, 47J
respectively. The minimum value of 1 standard specimen and the impact
absorption energy index of small-sized specimens shall be in accordance with the
provisions of 4.11b) and 4.11c). The impact specimen shall be preferably a larger-
sized specimen;
f) Steel pipes shall be subjected to hydraulic test one by one. With the agreement
between the supplier and the buyer, the eddy current test of steel pipes (one by
one) can be carried out in accordance with GB/T 7735-2016, instead of the
hydraulic test. The artificial defects of the comparison sample pipes shall comply
with the provisions of the acceptance level E4H or E4, E5 in GB/T 7735-2016.
6.1.5 The use requirements of various designations of steel pipes in GB/T 9948 are as
follows.
a) Steel for steel pipes shall be refined in an electric arc furnace or oxygen converter
and then vacuum refined, or smelted by electroslag remelting;
b) The 10 and 20 steel pipes which have an outer diameter of not less than 76 mm
and a wall thickness of not less than 6.5 mm shall be subjected to longitudinal
impact tests. The impact test temperatures are -20 °C and 0 °C, respectively. The
average impact absorption energy of 3 standard specimens is not less than 40J.
The minimum value of 1 standard specimen and the impact absorption energy
index of small-sized specimens shall be in accordance with the provisions of
4.11b) and 4.11c). Impact specimens shall preferably be larger-sized specimens;
c) The lower limit of the use temperature of 10 and 20 steel pipes is -20 °C and 0 °C,
respectively;
d) After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer and indicated in the contract,
the 20 steel pipes can be subjected to -20 °C longitudinal impact test; the average
impact absorption energy of 3 standard specimens shall not be less than 40J. At
this time, the lower limit of the use temperature of 20 steel pipes is -20 °C;
e) The 12CrMo, 15CrMo, 12Cr1MoV, 12Cr2Mo, 12Cr5MoI (I is fully annealed or
isothermal annealed) steel pipes, which have an outer diameter of not less than
76 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 6.5 mm, shall be subjected to 20 °C
longitudinal impact test; the average impact absorption energy of 3 standard
specimens shall not be less than 47J, 47J, 47J, 60J, 47J respectively. The
minimum value of 1 standard specimen and the impact absorption energy index
standards in Table C.4.In Table C.4, the unified digital codes of designations in GB/T
13296, GB/T 14976, GB/T 21832.1, GB/T 21832.2, GB/T 21833.1, GB/T 21833.2 shall
comply with the provisions of GB/T 20878.
6.2.2 Steel pipes in GB/T 14976 shall not be used for heat exchange tubes of shell and
tube heat exchangers.
6.2.3 Class I, II, III, IV (classification codes according to manufacturing methods and
radiographic detection) steel pipes in GB/T 12771-2019 are allowed to be used, but not
for heat exchange tubes of shell and tube heat exchangers. The classification code of
the selected steel pipe and the automatic electric fusion welding method shall be
indicated on the design drawing. The allowable stress of Class I steel pipes can be
selected from the allowable stress of seamless steel pipes of corresponding designations
in GB/T 14976; the allowable stress of Class II, Class III, Class IV steel pipes shall be
based on the allowable stress of corresponding welded steel pipes in GB/T 12771-2019
in Table C.4.
Class I and Class II steel pipes shall be subjected to 100% radiographic inspection in
accordance with NB/T 47013.2-2015.Class III and Class IV steel pipes shall be
subjected to local (at least two pipe ends) radiographic inspection of not less than 20%
in accordance with NB/T 47013.2-2015.The evaluation and quality grade of the
radiographic inspection results shall not be lower than the provisions of Class II in NB/T
47013.2-2015.
Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV steel pipes shall be subjected to hydraulic tests one
by one. The supplier and the buyer agree that the eddy current test of steel pipes (one
by one) can be carried out in accordance with GB/T 7735-2016, instead of the hydraulic
test; the artificial defects of the comparison sample pipes shall comply with the
provisions of acceptance level E4H or E4 in GB/T 7735-2016.
The use requirements of Class III and Class IV steel pipes are as follows.
a) The design pressure is less than 10.0 MPa;
b) It shall not be used for media with extremely or highly toxic hazard levels.
6.2.4 The use requirements of steel pipes in GB/T 21833.1 and GB/T 21833.2 are as
follows.
a) Hydraulic test shall be carried out one by one. The supplier and the buyer agree
that the eddy current test of steel pipes (one by one) can be carried out in
accordance with GB/T 7735-2016, instead of the hydraulic test; the artificial
defects of the comparison sample pipes shall comply with the provisions of
acceptance level E4H or E4 in GB/T 7735-2016.
b) The steel pipe shall be tested for phase ratio according to GB/T 13305; the
metallographic structure shall be austenite-ferrite; the austenite content shall be
......
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