GB/T 11896-1989 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 11896-1989 | English | 90 |
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[GB 11896-1989] Water quality. Determination of chloride. Silver nitrate titration method
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GB/T 11896-1989: [GB 11896-1989] Water quality. Determination of chloride. Silver nitrate titration method
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT11896-1989
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
GB/T 11896-1989
Water Quality – Determination of
Chloride – Silver Nitrate Titration Method
APPROVED ON. DECEMBER 25, 1989
Implemented on. JULY 01, 1990
Approved by. State Bureau of Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
1 Theme Content and Applicable Range... 3
2 Principle... 3
3 Reagents... 3
4 Instruments... 5
5 Sample... 5
6 Analytical Procedures... 5
7 Result Expression... 6
8 Precision and Accuracy... 6
Appendix A Determination of the Highly Mineralized Salt Water and Seawater
(Supplement)... 8
Additional Instructions... 9
Water Quality – Determination of
Chloride – Silver Nitrate Titration Method
1 Theme Content and Applicable Range
This Standard specifies using the silver nitrate titration method to determine the
concentration of chloride in water.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of chloride in the natural water; it is
also applicable to the highly mineralized water that has been diluted, such as salt water,
seawater, etc.; as well as applicable to the domestic sewage and industrial wastewater
that has removed the interference through the pretreatment.
This Standard is applicable to the chloride with concentration of 10~500mg/L. The
water sample above such range can expand its determination range after dilution.
The bromide, iodide and cyanide can be titrated together with chloride. When the
orthophosphate and polyphosphate separately exceed 250mg/L and 25mg/L, they
have interference. When iron content exceeds 10 mg/L, the end-point is not obvious.
2 Principle
In the neutral or weak alkaline range (pH 6.5~10.5), take potassium chromate as an
indicator; when using silver nitrate to titrate the chloride, since the solubility of silver
chloride is less than that of the silver chromate, chloride ion is firstly precipitated fully;
then the chromate was precipitated in the form of silver chromate; generate brick red,
which indicates that the titration end-point is reached. The titration reaction of the
precipitation is as follows.
3 Reagents
Only use analytical reagent to prepare during the analyzing period; as well as distilled
water or deionized water.
Brick red
3.1 Potassium permanganate, C (1/5 KMnO4) =0.01mol/L.
3.2 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 30%.
3.3 Ethanol (C6H5OH), 95%.
3.4 Sulfuric acid solution, C (1/2 H2SO4) = 0.05mol/L.
3.5 Sodium hydroxide solution, C (NaOH) = 0.05mol/L.
3.6 Aluminum hydroxide suspension. dissolve 125g of potassium aluminum sulfate
[KAl (SO4)2 • 12H2O] into 1L of distilled water; heating to 60°C; then slowly add 55mL
of stronger ammonia water as stir, stand for about 1h; then move to larger bottle; use
pouring method to repeatedly wash the precipitant till the eluate doesn’t contain the
chloride ions. Use water to dilute to about 300mL.
3.9 Potassium chromate solution, 50g/L. take 5g of potassium chromate (K2CrO4);
dissolve into little amount of distilled water; titrate silver nitrate solution (3.8) till red
precipitant is generated. Shake evenly, stand for 12h; then filter it, and use distilled
water to dilute the filtrate to 100mL.
3.10 Phenolphthalein indicator solution. take 0.5g of phenolphthalein; dissolve into
50mL of 95% ethanol (3.3). Add 50mL of distilled water; then titrate 0.05mol/L sodium
hydroxide solution (3.5), so that the slight red appears.
4 Instruments
4.1 Conical flask, 250mL.
4.2 Burette, 25mL, brown.
5 Sample
Take representative water sample, place into the clean and chemically stable glass or
polyethylene bottle. When storing, it is not necessary to add anti-corrosive agent.
6 Analytical Procedures
6.1 Interference exclusion
If there aren’t various interferences below, such section can be omitted.
6.1.1 If the water sample is turbid and has a color, then take 150mL or appropriate
amount of water sample to dilute to 150mL; then place into 250mL conical flask; add
2mL of aluminum hydroxide suspension (3.6); shake and filter; discard the 20mL of
initial filtrate; then use clean conical flask to receive filtrate for spare-use.
6.2 Determination
6.2.1 Pipette 50mL of water sample or pre-treated water sample (if the chloride
content is high, take appropriate amount of water sample, dilute with distilled water to
50mL); then place into conical flask. Take another conical flask; add 50mL of distilled
water to take blank test.
6.2.2 If water sample’s pH value is in the range of 6.5~10.5, it can be titrated directly;
the water sample beyond such range shall take phenolphthalein as indicator; use dilute
sulfur acid (3.4) or sodium hydroxide solution (3.5) to adjust till the red just appears.
7 Result Expression
The chloride content C (mg/L) shall be calculated as follows.
8 Precision and Accuracy
The results of 6-laboratory determination against the standard mixed sample
containing 88.29mg/L of chloride (January 1987) are as follows.
8.1 Repeatability
The relative standard deviation in the laboratory is 0.27%.
8.2 Reproducibility
The relative standard deviation between the laboratories is 1.2%.
Appendix A
Determination of the Highly Mineralized Salt Water and Seawater
(Supplement)
A.1 For the determination of the highly mineralized salt water and seawater, the
following methods can be taken to expand its determination range1).
a. Improve the concentration of silver nitrate standard solution to the 2~5mg of
chloride equivalent to 1mL of standard solution.
b. Dilute the sample; the dilution factor can refer to Table 1.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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