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GB 55004-2021: PDF in English

GB 55004-2021 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UDC Code for Construction of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures ISSUED ON: APRIL 09, 2021 IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2022 Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the PRC; State Administration for Market Regulation. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 General ... 6 2 Basic Provisions ... 7 3 Materials ... 9 3.1 Steel and reinforcement ... 9 3.2 Concrete ... 10 3.3 Wood ... 10 3.4 Fibre reinforced composite materials ... 11 4 Design of Structure System ... 13 4.1 General rules ... 13 4.2 Building structure system ... 13 4.3 Bridge structure system... 15 5 Design of Composite Member... 17 5.1 General provisions ... 17 5.2 Steel-concrete composite beam ... 17 5.3 Steel-concrete composite slabs ... 18 5.4 Concrete-filled steel tube members... 19 5.5 Steel-reinforced concrete members ... 19 5.6 Steel-concrete composite shear wall... 19 5.7 Steel-concrete composite bridge deck system ... 20 5.8 Timber composite member ... 20 5.9 Composite members of composite material ... 21 6 Construction and Acceptance ... 23 6.1 Construction ... 23 6.2 Acceptance ... 23 7 Maintenance and Demolition ... 25 7.1 Maintenance ... 25 7.2 Demolition ... 26 1 General 1.0.1 This Code is formulated, aiming to ensure the quality and safety of composite structure projects, promote the promotion and application of composite structures, protect the ecological environment, ensure the safety of people's lives and property and personal health, and improve the level of green development of composite structure projects. 1.0.2 The composite structure projects must implement this Code. 1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the project construction meet the requirements of this Code shall be determined by the relevant responsible entities. Among them, innovative technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated and meet the relevant performance requirements in this Code. 2 Basic Provisions 2.0.1 The safety level of composite structures and members shall be no lower than Class-II. When the safety level of the composite structure and the member is inconsistent, it shall be clearly marked in the design document. 2.0.2 The design working life of the composite structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 The structure of the building (structure) shall be no less than 50 years; 2 The bridge structure shall be no less than 30 years; 3 When the design working life of composite members and components is lower than that of the structure, it shall be clearly indicated in the design documents; and a replaceable connection structure shall be adopted. 2.0.3 Within the design working life, the performance of the composite structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 Able to withstand the structural effects that may occur during normal use; 2 During the normal construction period or during the period when the combined effect of the structure is not formed, it can withstand the possible load effect; 3 Able to meet the design and use requirements of composite structures and members; 4 In the event of accidental effects such as explosions, impacts, and rare earthquakes, the structure shall maintain overall stability; 5 In the event of a fire, the structure shall maintain sufficient bearing capacity and overall stability within the specified time. 2.0.4 Within the design working life, measures shall be taken to ensure the safe use of the composite structure and members, and shall meet the following requirements: 1 Without technical appraisal or design permission, the functions and conditions of use specified in the design shall not be changed; 2 For matters that affect the safety and durability of the main structure, regular inspection, testing and maintenance shall be carried out; 3 The members, nodes, supports, anchors, components, etc. shall be replaced in time according to the design provisions 4 The anti-corrosion, fire-proof and other protective layers on the surface of the 3 Materials 3.1 Steel and reinforcement 3.1.1 The steel for composite structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 The steel shall have the qualified guarantee of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and carbon, sulfur and phosphorus content; 2 The steel used for the main structure shall have the qualified guarantee of carbon equivalent and cold bending performance; 3 The welded structural steel that needs to check fatigue shall have the qualified guarantee of impact toughness; 4 The design requires that the steel with the resistance to layered tearing in the thickness direction shall have the qualified guarantee of the reduction of area; 5 The ratio of the measured value of the yield strength to the standard value of the steel in the member or node part that undergoes plastic deformation under the action of rare earthquakes shall be no greater than 1.35. 3.1.2 Reinforcing bars for composite structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 Reinforcing bars shall have qualified guarantee of tensile strength and yield strength; 2 The longitudinally stressed reinforcing bars and their stirrups shall have qualified guarantees of ductility and weldability. 3.1.3 When using the limit state design method based on probability theory, the strength design value of steel and reinforcing bars shall be determined according to the standard value of their strength and the material sub-coefficient; The determination of the material sub-coefficient shall meet the following requirements: 1 For steels and reinforcing bars with reliability analysis conditions, the statistical results of their material strength tests shall be used as the basis of statistical analysis; and the target reliability indicators shall be determined by comprehensive analysis. 2 Steels and reinforcing bars that do not yet have reliability analysis conditions or apply new steel grades shall be determined based on actual project experience or test results; and shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.3. Table 3.1.3 – Material Sub-Coefficient of Steel and Reinforcing Bar with the purpose and the working life of the structure; and shall meet the requirements of environmental protection; and the glue material shall have a qualified guarantee of the bonding ability. 3.3.2 The strength design value of the timber in the composite structure shall be determined according to the standard value of its strength and the material sub- coefficient; and shall meet the following requirements: 1 Pure wood shall be determined according to the classification of tree species and its strength grade, material grade, etc.; 2 Glulam shall be determined according to the classification of symmetrical heterogeneous combination, asymmetric heterogeneous combination, equivalent combination, parallel to grain, perpendicular to grain, etc.; 3 The design value of wood strength shall be corrected according to the conditions of use, design working life, member size, load type, etc. 3.4 Fibre reinforced composite materials 3.4.1 Fibre-reinforced composite materials for composite structures shall meet the following requirements: 1 High-performance fibres such as carbon fibre, glass fibre, aramid and basalt fibre shall be used; the glass fibre composite material shall use the alkali-free or alkali- resistant glass fibre; 2 The matrix resin shall be epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin and unsaturated polyester resin, etc.; 3 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the matrix resin shall be guaranteed to be above 60°C; and shall be higher than the highest average temperature of the structural environment by more than 10°C; 4 In a corrosive environment, corrosion-resistant resin materials shall be selected; 5 Flame-retardant resin materials shall be used when there is a fire-proof requirement. 3.4.2 When using the limit state design method based on probability theory, the strength design value of fibre reinforced composite materials shall be determined according to the standard value of its strength and the material sub-coefficient; the determination of the material sub-coefficient and the tensile strength design value shall meet the following provisions: 1 For composite materials with reliability analysis conditions, the statistical results of the material strength test shall be used as the basis of statistical analysis; shall NOTE: 1 In the table, l is the calculated span, l1 is the cantilever length; 2 When the load acting on a span may cause positive and negative deflection of the span, the calculated deflection shall be the sum of the absolute value of the positive and negative deflection. 4.3.3 In addition to the durability design of the bridge structure according to the design working life of the structure and its corresponding limit state, environmental category and its function level, the following requirements shall also be met: 1 According to different environmental conditions, protective measures for steel bar rust prevention and steel member anticorrosion shall be provided; 2 For components that are susceptible to corrosion, mechanical wear, fatigue, and whose service life does not reach the design working life of the bridge, their replaceability shall be ensured during the design; and passages shall be reserved for overhaul and maintenance during the service life; 3 For the components that cannot be detected, the bearing capacity after corrosion shall be checked; and the allowable corrosion thickness value corresponding to the design working life of the bridge shall be set. 4.3.4 The design of the concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge shall meet the following requirements: 1 When analysing the overall stability and dynamic characteristics, a full bridge space model shall be established; 2 When the span is greater than 300m, the influence of material and geometrical nonlinearity shall be included in the calculation of the safety factor of the stability of the arch rib. 4.3.5 The concrete and crack widths of composite bridges and bridge decks shall meet the following requirements: 1 Effective anti-cracking measures shall be taken to reduce the tensile stress of the concrete bridge deck in the negative bending moment area. 2 In the marine environment or the environment affected by corrosive substances, the crack width shall be no greater than 0.15mm. The prestressed concrete bridge deck using steel wire or steel strand shall not use cracked members. 3 In other environments, the crack width shall be no greater than 0.20mm. For prestressed concrete bridge decks using steel wires or steel strands, the crack width shall be no greater than 0.10mm. 5 Design of Composite Member 5.1 General provisions 5.1.1 The composite structural members shall be subjected to the limit state checking calculation of the bearing capacity and the limit state checking calculation of the normal service; and the structural performance of the composite structure within the design working life shall be guaranteed. 5.1.2 The limit state checking calculation of the bearing capacity of composite members shall include the following: 1 Checking calculation of bearing capacity of members and connections; 2 The members directly subjected to dynamic repetitive loads shall be subjected to fatigue checking calculation; 3 When there are requirements for seismic design, the checking calculation of seismic bearing capacity shall be conducted. 5.1.3 The limit state checking calculation of the normal service of composite members shall include the following contents: 1 Deformation check calculations shall be carried out for members that need to control the deformation; 2 For members that do not allow cracks, the checking calculation of concrete tensile stress shall be carried out; 3 For members that allow cracks, the cracking calculation of crack width shall be carried out; 4 For composite floor slabs that need to control the vibration response, the checking calculation of structural vibration response shall be carried out. 5.2 Steel-concrete composite beam 5.2.1 The checking calculation of design of steel-concrete composite beam shall meet the following requirements: 1 When performing fatigue checking calculations, the bearing capacity shall be calculated according to the elastic method; 2 When performing the checking calculation of the bearing capacity of the section, the shear hysteresis effect of the concrete flange slab and the influence of the shear connection shall be considered; 5.3.3 The supporting length of the profiled steel sheet on the steel beam in the steel- concrete composite slab shall be no less than 40mm. 5.4 Concrete-filled steel tube members 5.4.1 Concrete-filled steel tube members shall meet the following requirements: 1 The diameter-thickness ratio of round steel tubes and the width-thickness ratio of rectangular steel tubes shall meet the requirements of local stability of the steel tube wall; 2 The strength, stability and rigidity of steel tubes under construction conditions shall be checked according to empty steel tubes; 3 Technical measures to ensure the compactness and reduce shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel tube shall be taken. 5.4.2 The steel tubes that constrains concrete columns shall be disconnected at the upper and lower ends of the floor, and the joint height of the steel tubes at the disconnection shall be no less than 10mm. When the steel tube is directly connected to the top surface of the foundation or the top surface of the basement, seams shall be left, and the seam height shall be no less than 10mm. 5.4.3 The concrete-filled steel tube column shall be provided with vent holes on each floor. When the height of the floor exceeds 6m, vent holes shall be added in the middle of the two floors. 5.5 Steel-reinforced concrete members 5.5.1 Stirrup reinforcement area shall be set at the column end and beam end of the steel reinforced concrete frame. The length of the reinforcement area shall be no less than 2h0, when the seismic level is one. In other cases, the length of the reinforcement area shall be no less than 1.5 h0 (h0 is the height of the column section or height of beam). 5.5.2 When there is a fire protection requirement, the steel concrete members shall take measures to prevent the concrete bursting under the high temperature of the fire. 5.6 Steel-concrete composite shear wall 5.6.1 A reliable connection structure shall be set between the encased steel plate of the wall and the inner concrete of the encased steel plate composite shear wall. The bearing capacity of the connectors shall meet the requirements of shear force transmission requirements between the steel plate and the concrete; and the distance between the connectors shall be ensured that the local buckling of the steel plate does not weaken the ultimate bearing capacity of the shear wall. When the connection structure of studs or split bolts is adopted, the tensile bearing capacity of a single stud or split bolt shall be checked. 5.6.2 The steel-concrete composite shear wall shall meet the following requirements: 1 The thickness of the concrete protective layer of the shear wall shall meet the durability requirements of steel bar and section steel; 2 Connecting pieces such as studs shall be set between steel and concrete; and the number of connecting pieces shall be determined by calculation. 5.6.3 During the construction of the concrete composite shear wall of section steel, embedded steel plate and embedded steel support, technical measures shall be taken to avoid cracks in the wall concrete. 5.7 Steel-concrete composite bridge deck system 5.7.1 The design of the steel-concrete composite bridge deck system shall comply with the following requirements: 1 The bridge deck system shall ensure sufficient strength, rigidity, stability, fatigue resistance and durability in both stages from construction to operation; 2 The bridge deck system shall adopt the structure and connection that is convenient for on-site assembly, inspection and maintenance; 3 The setting of connectors shall ensure the combined effect of steel beams and concrete bridge decks. 5.7.2 The steel-concrete composite bridge deck system shall consider the influence of external effects (prestress and temperature), the characteristics of the concrete slab (creep of shrinkage, cracking, shear lag), construction procedures and other factors; and adopt the method based on the conversion section method and the elastic method for analysis and calculation. 5.8 Timber composite member 5.8.1 The design checking calculation of timber-steel composite member shall meet the following requirements: 1 The interface connection between timber and steel shall be able to bear the internal force generated by the combined action; 2 The bearing capacity of the timber part and the steel part of the joint shall be rechecked separately; 3 When the effective section of the timber member is compressed, the design value of the compression strength parallel to the grain of the wood shall be used; ......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.