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Limit of harmful substances of interior floor coatings
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GB 38468-2019: PDF in English GB 38468-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 87.040
G 51
Limit of harmful substances of interior floor coatings
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Product classification ... 6
5 Requirements ... 6
6 Test methods ... 7
7 Inspection rules ... 8
8 Package marks ... 9
Appendix A (Normative) Test of volatile organic compounds content, total
content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, and total content of
glycol ethers and ether esters in water-based floor coatings - gas
chromatography ... 10
Appendix B (Normative) Test of moisture content ... 18
Appendix C (Normative) Test of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in
solvent-based and solvent-free floor coatings ... 25
Appendix D (Normative) Test of benzene content, toluene, ethylbenzene and
xylene content, as well as glycol ethers and ether esters content in solvent-
based and solvent-free floor coatings - gas chromatography analysis ... 27
Limit of harmful substances of interior floor coatings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, product classification,
requirements, test methods, inspection rules and package marks etc. involved
in the allowable limits of substances harmful to humans and the environment in
interior floor coatings.
Note: Interior refers to the inside of places where the top is blocked or the top and the
surroundings are blocked, such as industrial plants, underground parking lots,
hospitals, schools, gymnasiums and other places. It is relative to places where the
top and the surroundings are not blocked.
This Standard applies to various interior floor coatings with organic polymers
as the main adhesives, which are painted on the base surface of floors such as
cement mortar, concrete, stone, plastic or steel, for decorating and protecting
the ground and other special functions (such as antistatic, corrosion resistance,
anti-skid, etc.); including primers, mid-coats, topcoats and finishes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 1725-2007 Paints, varnishes and plastics - Determination of non-
volatile-matter content
GB/T 3186 Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes -
Sampling
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
GB/T 6750-2007 Paints and varnishes - Determination of density -
Pycnometer method
GB/T 8170-2008 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression
and judgement of limiting values
GB/T 9750 Marks for package of coating products
6.2 Test methods
6.2.1 The test of the volatile organic compounds content in water-based floor
coatings shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A
and Appendix B. The calculation of the test results shall be carried out in
accordance with A.7.1. The moisture content test in Appendix B may use gas
chromatography or Karl Fischer method. Gas chromatography is the arbitration
method.
6.2.2 The test of the total content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
and the total content of glycol ethers and ether esters in water-based floor
coatings shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix A. The calculation of
the test results shall be carried out in accordance with A.7.2.
6.2.3 The test of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in solvent-
based and solvent-free floor coatings shall be carried out in accordance with
Appendix C.
6.2.4 The test of the benzene content, the total content of toluene, ethylbenzene
and xylene, and the total content of glycol ethers and ether esters in solvent-
based and solvent-free floor coatings shall be carried out in accordance with
Appendix D.
6.2.5 The test of formaldehyde in water-based floor coatings is carried out
according to the provisions of GB/T 23993-2009.
6.2.6 The total content of free diisocyanates (TDI and HDI) is tested in
accordance with GB/T 18446-2009.
6.2.7 For the sum of phthalates, prepare mixed samples according to the
construction proportion indicated by the product; then test according to the
provisions of Appendix C in GB 24613-2009; convert it to the content in the dry
coating film.
6.2.8 The content of soluble heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury)
is tested according to the provisions in GB/T 23991-2009. USE inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) or other suitable
analytical instruments for testing.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Type inspection items
7.1.1 All the requirements listed in this Standard are type inspection items.
Under normal production conditions, type inspection shall be carried out at least
Appendix A
(Normative)
Test of volatile organic compounds content, total content of benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, and total content of glycol ethers and
ether esters in water-based floor coatings - gas chromatography
A.1 Scope
This appendix specifies the test method for the volatile organic compounds
(VOC) content, the total content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene,
and the total content of glycol ethers and ether esters in water-based floor
coatings.
This method is suitable for the testing of coatings and their raw materials with
VOC content (mass fraction) greater than or equal to 0.1% and less than or
equal to 15%.
A.2 Principle
After the sample is diluted, the various volatile organic compounds in the
sample are separated by gas chromatography analysis. After the compound
under test is qualitatively identified, use the internal standard method to test its
content.
A.3 Materials and reagents
A.3.1 Carrier gas: nitrogen or helium; purity is ≥99.995%.
A.3.2 Fuel gas: hydrogen; purity is ≥99.995%.
A.3.3 Combustion-supporting gas: air.
A.3.4 Auxiliary gas (septum purge and makeup gas): nitrogen with the same
properties as the carrier gas.
A.3.5 Internal standard substance: a compound that does not exist in the
sample and can be completely separated from other components on the
chromatogram. The purity is at least 99% (mass fraction); or the purity is known.
For example, isobutanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol
dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, etc.
A.3.6 Calibration compounds: including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol,
A.4.3 Sample preparation bottle: about 20 mL glass bottle with a sealable cap.
A.4.4 Balance: Accuracy is 0.1 mg.
A.5 Test conditions of gas chromatography
A.5.1 Gas chromatographic condition 1:
- Chromatographic column (basic column): 6% cyanopropyl phenyl/94%
polydimethylsiloxane capillary column; 60 m×0.32 mm×1.0 μm;
- Injection port temperature: 250 °C;
- Detector: FID; temperature: 260 °C;
- Column temperature: temperature programming. KEEP at 80 °C for 1 min;
then increase to 230 °C at 10 °C/min and keep for 15 min;
- Split ratio: split injection. Split ratio is adjustable;
- Injection volume: 1.0 μL.
A.5.2 Gas chromatographic condition 2:
- Chromatographic column (confirmation column): polyethylene glycol
capillary column; 30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm;
- Injection port temperature: 240 °C;
- Detector: FID; temperature: 250 °C;
- Column temperature: temperature programming. KEEP at 60 °C for 1 min;
then increase to 240 °C at 20 °C/min and hold for 20 min;
- Split ratio: split injection. Split ratio is adjustable;
- Injection volume: 1.0 μL.
A.6 Test procedures
A.6.1 General
All tests are carried out in two parallel determinations.
A.6.2 Density
The density test is carried out according to GB/T 6750-2007. The test
temperature is (23±2)°C.
test conditions as the test sample, optimize the instrument parameters
according to A.6.4.1. Inject an appropriate amount of calibration compound into
the gas chromatograph and record the chromatogram. According to formula
(A.1), calculate the relative correction factor of each compound respectively:
Where:
Ri - The relative correction factor of compound i;
mci - The mass of compound i in the calibration mixture, in grams (g);
Ais - The peak area of internal standard substance;
mis - The mass of internal standard substance in the calibration mixture, in
grams (g);
Aci - The peak area of compound i.
The value of Ri is the average of two test results. The relative deviation shall be
less than 5%. The result retains 3 significant digits.
A.6.4.3.3 If there is a chromatographic peak of an unknown compound other
than the calibration compound in A.3.6, it is assumed that its correction factor
relative to isobutanol is 1.0.
A.6.4.4 Test of sample
A.6.4.4.1 Sample preparation: WEIGH about 1 g (accurate to 0.1 mg) of the
sample after being evenly stirred and the internal standard substance (A.3.5)
approximately equal to the mass of the test substance INTO the sample
preparation bottle (A.4.3). ADD 10 mL of dilution solvent (A.3.7) to dilute the
sample; SEAL the sample preparation bottle (A.4.3) and shake it well.
A.6.4.4.2 According to the optimized conditions during calibration, set the
instrument parameters.
A.6.4.4.3 Inject the marker (A.3.8) into the gas chromatograph; RECORD its
retention time on the 6% cyanopropyl phenyl/94% polydimethylsiloxane
capillary column; in order to determine the integration end point in the
chromatogram according to the VOC definition given in 3.1.
A.6.4.4.4 Inject 1 μL of the sample prepared according to A.6.4.4.1 into the gas
chromatograph. RECORD the chromatogram and the peak area of various
1000 - Conversion factor.
Detection limit of test method: 2 g/L.
A.7.2 Calculation of the total content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene
and xylene and the total content of glycol ethers and ether esters in
coating products
A.7.2.1 First, according to formula (A.2), calculate the respective contents wi of
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene; then, according to formula (A.4),
calculate the total content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in the
product:
Where:
we - The total content of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene or the total
content of glycol ethers and ether esters in the product, in milligrams per
kilogram (mg/kg);
wi - The content of component i under test in the sample (benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, xylene, glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate,
glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate or diethylene glycol butyl
ether acetate), in grams per gram (g/g);
106 - Conversion factor.
A.7.2.2 First, according to formula (A.2), calculate the respective contents wi of
glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, glycol ethyl ether,
ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate;
then, according to formula (A.4), calculate the total content of five glycol ethers
and ether esters in the product.
A.7.2.3 Detection limit of test method: The detection limit of benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, xylene, glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate,
glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol butyl
ether acetate is all 10 mg/kg.
A.8 Precision
A.8.1 Repeatability
The relative deviation of the two test results of the same operator shall be less
than 10%.
Appendix B
(Normative)
Test of moisture content
B.1 Gas chromatography
B.1.1 Reagents and materials
B.1.1.1 Distilled water: It shall meet the requirements of grade 3 water in GB/T
6682.
B.1.1.2 Dilution solvent: anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF); analytically pure.
B.1.1.3 Internal standard substance: anhydrous isopropanol; analytically pure.
B.1.1.4 Carrier gas: hydrogen or helium; purity is ≥99.995%.
B.1.2 Instruments and equipment
B.1.2.1 Gas chromatograph with the following configuration:
- Thermal conductivity detector;
- Temperature programmed controller;
- Chromatographic column: stainless steel column filled with porous polymer
beads, CP7354 styrene-divinylbenzene porous polymer column or
equivalent chromatographic column.
B.1.2.2 Injector: micro-syringe. The capacity is at least twice the injection
volume.
B.1.2.3 Sample preparation bottle: about 10 mL glass bottle with a sealable cap.
B.1.2.4 Balance: Accuracy is 0.1 mg.
B.1.3 Test conditions of gas chromatography
B.1.3.1 Gas chromatographic condition 1:
- Chromatographic column: a stainless steel column with a column length of
1 m, an outer diameter of 3.2 mm, and filled with 177 μm~250 μm porous
polymer beads;
calibrations and input the calibration result into the titrator (B.2.1.1).
When the relative humidity of the detection environment is less than 70%, it
shall be calibrated once a week. When the relative humidity is greater than 70%,
it shall be calibrated twice a week; when necessary, it shall be calibrated at any
time.
B.2.3.2 Sample treatment
If the sample to be tested has a high viscosity and cannot be dispersed well in
Karl Fischer solvent, the sample needs to be diluted appropriately. WEIGH 20
g (accurate to 1 mg) of the evenly-stirred sample in the beaker (B.2.1.6); then
add about 20% distilled water (B.2.2.1) to the beaker (B.2.1.6); accurately
record the amount of sample weighing and the amount of water added. COVER
the beaker with a petri dish (B.2.1.7); STIR on a magnetic stirrer (B.2.1.5) for
10 min~15 min. Then pour the diluted sample into the dropping bottle (B.2.1.4)
for later use.
Note: For samples that can be well dispersed in Karl Fischer solvent, the moisture content
in the sample can be directly tested. For samples that are still not well dispersed in
Karl Fischer solvent after adding 20% water, the amount of dilution water can be
gradually increased.
B.2.3.3 Test of moisture content
ADD fresh Karl Fischer solvent (B.2.2.2) to the titration cup of the titrator
(B.2.1.1), until the liquid surface covers the electrode tip; USE Karl Fischer
titrant (B.2.2.2) to titrate to the end point. ADD 1 drop of the sample treated in
accordance with B.2.3.2 to the titration cup; USE the decrement method to
weigh the added sample mass (accurate to 0.1 mg); INPUT the sample mass
into the titrator (B.2.1.1). USE Karl Fischer titrant (B.2.2.2) to titrate to the end
point; RECORD the test result displayed by the instrument.
TEST twice in parallel and average the test results. The relative deviation of the
two test results is less than 1.5%.
After 3~6 tests, the Karl Fischer solvent in the titration cup shall be replaced in
time.
B.2.3.4 Data processing
The moisture content of the sample after dilution treatment is calculated
according to formula (B.4):
Appendix C
(Normative)
Test of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in solvent-based and
solvent-free floor coatings
C.1 Principle
The volatile-matter content tested for solvent-based and solvent-free floor
coatings (if water is contained, deduct the water content) is their VOC content.
C.2 Test procedures
C.2.1 General
All tests are carried out in two parallel determinations.
C.2.2 Density
Prepare the mixed sample according to the construction proportion indicated
by the product. After stirring well, according to the regulations of GB/T 6750-
2007, determine the density of the sample. Test temperature: (23±2)°C.
C.2.3 Volatile-matter content
Prepare the mixed sample according to the construction proportion indicated
by the product. After stirring evenly, according to GB/T 1725-2007, determine
the non-volatile-matter content of the sample, expressed in mass fraction (%).
USE 100 minus the non-volatile-matter content to get the volatile-matter content
of the sample, expressed in mass fraction (%). Test conditions for solvent-based
floor coatings: The sample weighing amount is (1±0.1)g; the baking condition
is (105±2)°C/1 h. Test conditions for solvent-free floor coatings: The sample
weighing amount is (1±0.1)g; the baking conditions are: first place it at (23±2)°C
and relative humidity (50±5)% for 24 h; then bake it at (105±2)°C for 1 h.
C.2.4 Moisture content
If the sample contains moisture, according to the method in Appendix B, test
the moisture content ww.
C.2.5 Volatile organic compounds (VOC) content
If there is no moisture in the sample, according to formula (C.1), calculate the
Appendix D
(Normative)
Test of benzene content, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene content, as
well as glycol ethers and ether esters content in solvent-based and
solvent-free floor coatings - gas chromatography analysis
D.1 Principle
After the sample is diluted, it is directly injected into the gas chromatograph;
separated by the chromatographic column; detected by a hydrogen flame
ionization detector; and quantified by the internal standard method.
D.2 Materials and reagents
D.2.1 Carrier gas: nitrogen; purity is ≥99.995%.
D.2.2 Fuel gas: hydrogen; purity is ≥99.995%.
D.2.3 Combustion-supporting gas: air.
D.2.4 Auxiliary gas (septum purge and makeup gas): nitrogen with the same
properties as the carrier gas.
D.2.5 Internal standard substance: a compound that does not exist in the
sample and can be completely separated from other components on the
chromatogram. The purity is at least 99% (mass fraction); or the purity is known.
For example, n-heptane, n-pentane, etc.
D.2.6 Calibration compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, glycol
methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, glycol ethyl ether, ethylene
glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate. The purity is at
least 99% (mass fraction); or the purity is known.
D.2.7 Dilution solvent: an organic solvent used to dilute the sample, which does
not contain any substances that interfere with the test. The purity is at least 99%
(mass fraction); or the purity is known. For example, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,
n-hexane, etc.
D.3 Instruments and equipment
D.3.1 Gas chromatograph with the following configuration:
D.5.2 Optimization of chromatograph parameters
According to the chromatographic test conditions in D.4, the known calibration
compound shall be used to optimize the instrument each time; so that the
sensitivity, stability and separation effect of the instrument are in the best state.
The injection volume and split ratio shall be matched, to avoid exceeding the
capacity of the chromatographic column; and within the linear range of the
instrument detector.
D.5.3 Qualitative analysis
D.5.3.1 Optimization of instrument parameters
According to the provisions of D.5.2, optimize the instrument parameters.
D.5.3.2 Determination of the retention time of the compound under test
Inject 1.0 μL of the standard mixed solution containing the compounds under
test shown in D.2.6 into the chromatograph; RECORD the retention time of
each compound under test.
D.5.3.3 Qualitative analysis
According to the construction proportion indicated by the product, prepare
mixed sample. After stirring evenly, weigh about 1 g of sample and use an
appropriate amount of dilution solvent (D.2.7) to dilute the sample; USE the
injector (D.3.2) to take 1.0 μL of the well-mixed sample into the chromatograph;
RECORD the chromatogram. And compare it with the standard retention time
of the compound under test determined by D.5.3.2, to determine whether the
compound under test exists.
Note: For solvent-based and solvent-free coatings that use isocyanate as a curing agent,
as well as coatings that react quickly, the mixed samples shall be analyzed as soon
as possible after preparation. For coatings that react quickly, the sample to be mixed
each time shall not be less than 200 g; the stirring time is about 3 min.
D.5.4 Calibration
D.5.4.1 Preparation of calibration sample
Respectively weigh a certain amount (accurate to 0.1 mg) of various calibration
compounds in D.2.6 into the sample preparation bottle (D.3.3). The weighed
mass shall be in the same order of magnitude as the content of the various
compounds contained in the sample to be tested. Then weigh the internal
standard substance (D.2.5) of the same order of magnitude as the compound
to be tested into the same sample preparation bottle. USE an appropriate
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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