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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 59
Replacing GB 24407-2009
The safety technique specifications of special school
buses
[Including Amendment 1 -- 2017XG1]
ISSUED ON: APRIL 10, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2012
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms and definitions ... 10
4 Classification of types of special school buses ... 11
5 Requirements and test methods ... 12
6 Transitional requirements for standard implementation ... 36
Annex A (normative) Test method for upper structure strength ... 37
Annex B (normative) Stopping signal plate ... 39
Annex C (normative) Test method for driver’s field of vision ... 41
Amendment 1 [2017XG1] ... 44
The safety technique specifications of special school
buses
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, type classification,
requirements and test methods for special school buses.
This Standard is applicable to special school buses for groups over 3 years old
at the kindergarten stage and those educated at the nine-year compulsory
education stage.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 2406.2, Plastics - Determination of burning behavior by oxygen index
- Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
GB/T 2408-2008, Plastics - Determination of burning characteristics -
Horizontal and vertical test
GB 4351.1, Portable fire extinguishers 0- Part 1: Performance and
construction
GB/T 5454, Textiles - Burning behavior - Oxygen index method
GB 5768.2-2009, Road traffic signs and markings - Part 2: Road traffic signs
GB 8410-2006, Flammability of automotive interior materials
GB/T 8627-2007, Test method for density of smoke from the burning or
decomposition of building materials
GB/T 12428-2005, Laden mass calculating method for buses
GB 12676, Technical requirements and testing methods for commercial
vehicle and trailer braking systems
GB 13057, Strength of the seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
GB 13094-2007, The safety requirements for bus construction
GB/T 13594, Antilock braking performance and test procedure for motor
vehicles and their trailers
GB 13954-2009, Warning Lamps for Police Cars, Fire Engines, Ambulances
and Engineering Rescue Vehicles
GB 14166, Safety-belts, restraint systems, child restraint systems and
ISOFIX child restraint systems for occupants of power-driven vehicles
GB 14167, Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and
ISOFIX top tether anchorages for vehicles
GB/T 14172, Static roll stability test method for motor vehicles
GB 15083, Motor vehicles - Seat systems - Strength requirements and test
methods
GB 15084, Motor vehicles - Devices for indirect vision - Requirements of
performance and installation
GB 17578, Requirements and test methods of strength for the superstructure
of bus
GB/T 17729, Hygienic standard for the air quality inside long distance coach
GB/T 18833, Retroreflective sheeting for traffic control
GB 18986, The safety requirements for light bus construction
GB/T 19056, Vehicle travelling data recorder
GB/T 19596-2004, Terminology of electric vehicles
GB 24315, The marker for school bus
GB 24406, The strength of seats and their anchorages of special school bus
for schoolchildren
GB/T 24545, Requirement of speed limitation system for motor vehicles
GB/T 28370, Detect methods for the air quality inside long distance coach
JT/T 782, Performance requirements and test methods of tyre blow-out
emergency safety device for commercial vehicle
5 Requirements and test methods
5.1 Appearance marks and main structure sizes
5.1.1 The special school bus shall be sprayed with the appearance mark of the
special school bus that meets the requirements of GB 24315.
5.1.2 The front of the special school bus shall be equipped with a collision safety
structure. If it is a front transverse engine, the centerline of the engine
crankshaft shall be before the front point of the windshield. If it is a front
longitudinal engine, the centerline of the first and second cylinders of the engine
shall be before the foremost point of the windshield. If the front collision
performance of the large and medium-sized special school bus is not lower than
the first two structures, the layout of the engine may not be limited.
NOTE: The centerline of the first and second cylinders of the engine refers to the centerline
of the distance between the first and second cylinders of the engine.
5.1.3 Articulated buses and double-decker buses shall not be used as special
school buses.
5.1.4 The height of the dedicated school bus shall not be greater than 3.7m.
5.1.5 If there is a side luggage compartment, the height of the top of the luggage
compartment from the ground shall be less than 1.0m.
5.1.6 Special school buses must not be equipped with luggage racks outside
the vehicle.
5.1.7 There shall be no holes inside or outside the bus that can easily catch the
fingers of children and elementary school students. There shall be no
protrusions, depressions, sharp corners and other defects that may cause
personal injury.
5.2 Dynamic
The specific power of special school buses (except electric special school
buses) shall not be less than 9.0kW/t.
NOTE 1: Electric special school buses refer to the types of electric vehicles defined in GB/T
19596-2004: pure electric vehicles, hybrid (electric) vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles.
NOTE 2: The specific power is the ratio of the maximum net power of the engine (or 0.9
times the rated power of the engine or 0.9 times the rated power of the engine) to the
maximum allowable total mass of the motor vehicle.
5.3 Mass of passengers and crew and maximum number of passengers
5.8 Front and rear bumpers
5.8.1 Special school buses shall be equipped with front and rear bumpers.
5.8.2 The bumper shall be connected to the frame or body frame. The front
bumper shall extend forward to the front of the radiator grille, headlights, hood
part and so on and extend outward to the outer edge of the wheel cover to
provide maximum protection. The rear bumper shall cover the rear corner of the
body.
5.8.3 There shall be no protrusions, depressions, or sharp corners on the
bumper that may cause personal injury.
5.9 Roll stability
Test according to the method specified in GB/T 14172. Load the plane on the
seat cushion of each seat according to the mass of passengers and crew
specified in 5.3.1 (if there is a luggage compartment, the luggage compartment
shall not be loaded). The load must be firmly fixed to the seat. The measured
roll stability angle shall not be less than 32°. Simultaneously measure under no
load. The measured roll stability angle shall not be less than 35°.
5.10 Body structure, strength, exit and interior layout
5.10.1 Body structure
5.10.1.1 Large and medium-sized special school buses shall have a body frame
structure. The top beam, column and main beam of the underframe on the same
cross section shall form a closed ring (except for the wheel cover and the top
wind window). The body column between the longitudinal beams from the side
windows to the bottom beams shall adopt an integral structure. No tailor welding
is allowed in the middle. If the body structure of the light special school bus
does not adopt the above structure, it shall adopt the structure of the cover and
the reinforced beam.
5.10.1.2 The passenger area of the special school buses for infants shall adopt
a flat floor structure. There must be no steps on the floor, except for the local
structural protrusions of the wheel cover and the access cover.
5.10.1.3 The floor coverings in the riding area, passage area and approach area
shall be non-slip and wear resistant.
5.10.2 Top structural strength
The top structural strength is tested according to Annex A, in accordance with
the following requirements:
a) During the test, the body structure shall be able to withstand the specified
5.10.5.1 Seats
5.10.5.1.1 Driver's seat
5.10.5.1.1.1 The driver's seat shall be equipped with a 3-point seat belt.
5.10.5.1.1.2 The strength of the driver's seat and its vehicle fixings shall meet
the requirements of GB 15083.
5.10.5.1.1.3 The safety belt of the driver's seat and its fixing points shall meet
the requirements of GB 14166 and GB 14167 respectively.
5.10.5.1.2 Seat of caregiver
5.10.5.1.2.1 At least one caregiver seat shall be installed on the special school
bus. When the number of child seats on the special school buses for infants is
greater than or equal to 20 and less than 40, 2 or 3 seats for caregivers shall
be installed. 3 or 4 seats for caregivers shall be installed when there are more
than 40 seats. When the number of student seats on the special school buses
for primary school students and special school buses for primary and junior
middle school students is greater than or equal to 40, 2 or 3 seats for caregivers
shall be installed. When there is only one caregiver's seat, the caregiver's seat
shall be located at the front of the vehicle aisle and close to the passenger door.
When there is more than one caregiver seat, there shall be at least one
caregiver seat close to the emergency door.
5.10.5.1.2.2 The caregiver seat shall be marked.
5.10.5.1.2.3 Seat belts for caregivers shall be equipped.
5.10.5.1.2.4 The strength of the front-mounted caregiver seat and its vehicle
fixings shall meet the requirements of GB 13057.
5.10.5.1.2.5 The seat belts and their fixing points of the caregiver's seat shall
meet the requirements of GB 14166 and GB 14167 respectively.
5.10.5.1.3 Seats for infants and students
5.10.5.1.3.1 Seats for infants and students shall be arranged forward. Infants
and student seats shall not be folding seats. The seats for infants and students
shall not be provided before the horizontal and vertical plane where the driver's
seat R is located. Infants and student seats are arranged at most "2+3" in the
transverse direction of the vehicle.
5.10.5.1.3.2 The strength of infant and student seats and their vehicle fixtures
shall meet the requirements of GB 24406.
5.10.5.1.3.3 Each infant and student seat shall be equipped with a two-point
5.10.5.1.4.3 Free space above the seat
Free space above each seat:
a) Each seat shall have a vertical clear space. From the plane where the
highest point of the seat cushion that has never been squeezed locates
upwards, it shall not be less than 900mm. From the floor where
passengers rest on their feet upwards, it shall not be less than 1350mm
(see Figure 8). For the wheel cover and the rear seat, it can be reduced
to 1250mm.
b) This clear space shall include all the horizontal areas described below:
1) Horizontal area: Between the longitudinal vertical planes at 165mm on
both sides of the center vertical plane of the special school buses for
infants; Between the longitudinal vertical planes at 175mm on both
sides of the center vertical plane of the special school buses for primary
school students; Between the longitudinal vertical planes at 190mm on
each side of the center vertical plane of the student seat of the special
school buses for primary and junior middle school students; Between
the longitudinal vertical planes at 200mm on both sides of the center
vertical plane of the caregiver seat;
2) Vertical area: Between the horizontal vertical plane where the special
school buses for infants passes through the last point of the upper part
of the seat back AND the horizontal vertical plane 200mm forward
through the front end of the uncompressed seat cushion; Between the
horizontal vertical plane where the special school buses for primary
school students passes through the last point of the upper part of the
seat back AND the horizontal vertical plane 200mm forward through the
front end of the uncompressed seat cushion; Between the horizontal
vertical plane where the special school buses for primary and junior
middle school students passes through the last point of the upper part
of the seat back AND the horizontal vertical plane 280mm forward
through the front end of the uncompressed seat cushion; Between the
horizontal vertical plane passing through the last point of the upper part
of the seat back of the caregiver and the horizontal vertical plane
passing the front end of the uncompressed seat cushion 280mm
forward. Measurements are made on the vertical plane of the seat
center.
c) The clear space may not include the following areas:
1) The cross section of the side wall above the window seat is an inverted
right triangle area. The apex of the triangle is located 650mm above the
floor, and the bottom side is 100mm wide (see Figure 8).
on the mounting bracket.
5.10.5.6 Interior lighting
5.10.5.6.1 The interior lighting shall cover the following areas:
- All passenger area and crew area;
- All steps;
- Approaches to all exits and areas near the passenger door;
- Internal signs and internal controls for all exits;
- Where there are obstacles.
5.10.5.6.2 There shall be at least two internal lighting circuits. When one line
fails, it shall not affect the lighting of the other line. The line used for
conventional lighting at the entrance and exit can be used as one of them.
5.10.5.6.3 Protective measures shall be taken to prevent the driver from being
affected by interior lighting and reflected light.
5.10.5.7 Interior decoration
The interior trim parts shall be firmly fixed on the vehicle. There shall be no
sharp corners, sharp edges, or burrs that may cause injury.
5.11 Signal system
5.11.1 Stopping signal plate
Special school buses shall be equipped with stopping signal plate in
accordance with Annex B. When students are on and off the bus, the stopping
signal plate shall be stretched out to remind the vehicles behind to stop and
wait.
5.11.2 Sign lights of special school bus
5.11.2.1 Installation location and quantity
The special school bus shall be equipped with 2 yellow special school bus lights
on the top and rear of the bus. The distance between the front marker light and
the front edge of the roof shall not be greater than 400mm. The distance
between the rear indicator light and the rearmost edge of the roof shall not be
greater than 400mm. The left and right indicator lights shall be as close as
possible to the outer edges of the left and right sides of the vehicle body and
symmetrical to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
sleeve at the joints. Flame-retardant and wear-resistant insulating sleeves shall
be installed when the wires pass through the holes. Electrical components shall
be connected reliably. The connectors outside the passenger compartment
shall have waterproof requirements. The wire shall be properly protected and
safely fixed in a location where it shall not be scratched, worn, or corroded.
Unless special insulation and protection are provided (for example, the solenoid
coil that controls the exhaust valve), it shall not be in contact with the oil pipe,
exhaust system or subject to excessive temperature. Battery installation shall
meet the requirements of GB 13094.
5.12.2.2 Circuit protection
Except for the starter, ignition coil (forced ignition), glow plug, engine shutdown
device, charging circuit and battery ground, the power supply circuit of each
electrical equipment shall have a fuse or circuit breaker. However, for the power
supply lines of low power consumption equipment, if the total rated current does
not exceed 16A, a public fuse or public circuit breaker can be set to protect.
5.12.2.3 Main power switch
The special school bus shall be equipped with a main power switch. However,
if a safety device is installed on all power supply lines at the battery end, or the
vehicle electrical equipment is directly driven by the electronic control unit and
has a load monitoring function, when the electronic control unit power supply
line and individual direct power supply lines are all equipped with a safety
device, an electromagnetic power switch may not be equipped. A special school
bus with a length of not less than 6m shall also be equipped with a manual
mechanical power-off switch that can cut off the battery and the circuit
connection.
5.12.2.4 Emergency switch
In order to reduce the loss caused by the fire, a safety emergency switch shall
be installed near the driver's seat. Allow the driver to operate from his seat. And
use protective cover or other methods to avoid mis-operation. Clearly mark the
operation method at the emergency switch. For example, “Remove the cover
and turn on the switch! Only operate when the vehicle has stopped!”.
After starting the emergency switch, the following functions shall be realized at
the same time:
- The engine stops working quickly;
- The cooling fan of the heater can be turned off with a delay;
- The control system for opening and closing the passenger door can work
normally;
Fire extinguishers shall be equipped in the passenger compartment. It shall be
ensured that at least one ABC type dry powder fire extinguisher weighing at
least 2kg is located near the seat of the caregiver and near the driver's seat. Its
requirements shall meet the requirements of GB 4351.1. The installation
location of the fire extinguisher shall be clearly marked. Easy to access in
emergency. The pressure gauge of the fire extinguisher shall be able to observe
the pressure without moving the fire extinguisher.
5.13 Driver's field of vision
5.13.1 Outside vision device
Determine the eye point position of the driver's field of vision according to the
provisions of GB 15084. The driver’s field of vision shall meet the requirements
of Annex C. No device that affects the driver's external vision shall be installed.
After the passenger door is closed, the driver shall be able to observe the
situation around the passenger door.
5.13.2 Auxiliary reversing device
The special school bus shall be equipped with a rear-view system to ensure
that the driver can clearly see the situation within the range of 3.6m long and
2.5m wide on the ground directly below the rear edge of the rear windshield
under normal driving conditions.
5.13.3 In-vehicle vision device
The driver shall be able to observe all passenger areas through the endoscope
under normal driving conditions. No sharp corners or sharp edges on the edge
of the endoscope.
5.13.4 Front wind window defrosting fog device
Special school buses shall be equipped with front windshield defrosting devices.
5.14 Air quality in the vehicle
If natural ventilation is not possible, a forced ventilation device shall be installed.
The components in the air in the vehicle shall meet the requirements of GB/T
17729. Test method is according to GB/T 28370. Allow the use of air purification
devices with functions of sterilization and elimination of harmful gases to meet
air quality requirements.
5.15 Driving information recording and processing system
Special school buses shall be equipped with driving records that have satellite
positioning functions and comply with GB/T 19056. The display part of the
tachograph shall be easy to observe. The data interface shall be easy to insert
Annex A
(normative)
Test method for upper structure strength
A.1 Test conditions
A.1.1 Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature is between 0°C~40°C.
A.1.2 Vehicle conditions
The windows, doors and emergency exits are completely closed and are in a
state of being tied instead of locked.
A.2 Test equipment
The test equipment shall be able to automatically complete loading and load
retention at a loading speed not exceeding 13mm/s.
A.3 Test procedures
A.3.1 The test sample is a complete vehicle, or a body frame that is welded to
the underframe according to the actual vehicle structure and contains the door
and floor (the vehicle with the skeleton structure may not be equipped with inner
and outer skins, accessories and so on).
A.3.2 The test load is uniformly and vertically applied to the top structure of the
test sample through a rigid flat plate with a length and width not less than the
length and width of the test body.
A.3.3 Place the force plate on the roof of the vehicle so that its rigid surface is
perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal plane. And there are no less than two
contact points with the roof. If viewed from the roof of the vehicle, its longitudinal
centerline shall coincide with the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle. The
projection of the force plate shall cover all occupant areas.
A.3.4 Test sample installation: When the test sample is a complete vehicle, the
deformation of the suspension and tires shall be eliminated by multiple rigid
support of the lower plane of the vehicle bottom (vehicle) frame. The installation
of the test vehicle shall ensure that the bottom (vehicle) frame is firmly fixed.
When the test sample is a skeleton vehicle body, the installation of the sample
shall ensure that the bottom (vehicle) frame is firmly fixed.
Annex B
(normative)
Stopping signal plate
B.1 Installation requirements
A stopping signal plate shall be installed on the left side of the vehicle. When
the stopping signal plate extends, it shall be in the following position:
a) Vertical to the side of the vehicle. its installation tolerance is ±5°.
b) The upper edge of the stopping signal plate is parallel to and below the
horizontal plane tangent to the lower edge of the passenger window
behind the driver. And it is not more than 150mm apart. The longitudinal
installation position of the stopping signal plate shall be within the area
where the driver can observe.
c) When the stopping signal plate is extended, the distance between the
outer edge of the vehicle and the installation contact of the stopping signal
plate is not more than 610mm.
d) When the stopping signal plate is stowed, its outer edge is not more than
160mm away from the vehicle and the installation contact of the stopping
signal plate, and it shall be stowed to the rear of the vehicle.
B.2 Technical requirements for stopping signal plate
B.2.1 The color, shape, character and graphics of the stopping signal plate shall
be implemented in accordance with Figure 71 of GB 5768.2-2009. The diameter
of the circumscribed circle is 500mm or 450mm. The white border width is
20mm. The surface shall not have sharp bumps or corners that could cause
injury.
B.2.2 Both sides of the stopping signal plate shall be the same. The
retroreflective material used meets the requirements of the secondary or
primary reflective film specified in GB/T 18833.
B.2.3 When a force of 50N is applied to the outer edge of the stopping signal
plate along the tangent of the rotation track, the stopping signal plate shall rotate
in the direction of the applied force. When rotating to parallel to the vehicle, the
stopping signal plate shall stop rotating. After the external force is eliminated, it
shall be possible to return the stopping signal plate to the normal position by
electric or manual operation.
Annex C
(normative)
Test method for driver’s field of vision
C.1 Test conditions
C.1.1 The special school bus shall ensure that the driver can see the entire top
surface of the cylinder shown in Figure C.1.
C.1.2 The height and diameter of cylinder A~O are both 0.3m. The diameter of
the cylinder P is 0.3m and the height is 0.91m.
C.1.3 The color of the cylinder shall form a strong contrast with the road where
the vehicle is parked.
C.2 Test steps
C.2.1 Place the cylinder in the position specified in C.2.1~C.2.7, as shown in
Figure C.1. The distance shown in Figure C.1 is the center distance of a top
view of a cylinder to another cylinder. C.2.1 places cylinders G, H and I. Make
them tangent to a horizontal vertical plane. The horizontal vertical plane is the
plane tangent to the frontmost surface of the front bumper of the vehicle. Place
cylinders D, E and F. Make their center lie in a horizontal vertical plane. The
horizontal vertical plane is 1.8m in front of the horizontal vertical plane passing
through the center of cylinder G, H and I. Place the cylinders A, B and C so that
their centers are in a horizontal vertical plane. The horizontal vertical plane is
3.6m in front of the horizontal vertical plane passing through the center of
cylinder G, H and I.
C.2.2 Place cylinders B, E and H so that their centers are on a longitudinal
vertical plane. The longitudinal vertical plane passes through the longitudinal
centerline of the vehicle.
C.2.3 Place cylinders A, D, and G so that their centers are on a longitudinal
vertical plane. This longitudinal vertical plane is tangent to the outermost edge
of the left side of the front bumper of the vehicle.
C.2.4 Place the cylinders C, F and I so that their centers are on a longitudinal
vertical plane. This longitudinal vertical plane is tangent to the outermost edge
of the right side of the front bumper of the vehicle.
C.2.5 Place the cylinder J so that its center is on a longitudinal vertical plane.
The longitudinal vertical plane is 0.3m to the left of the longitudinal vertical plane
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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