GB 18584-2024 PDF English
US$215.00 · In stock · Download in 9 secondsGB 18584-2024: Limit of harmful substances of furniture Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedureStatus: Valid GB 18584: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB 18584-2024 | English | 215 |
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Limit of harmful substances of furniture
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| GB 18584-2001 | English | 70 |
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Indoor Decorating and Refurbishing Materials - Limit of Harmful Substance of Wood Based Furniture
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GB 18584-2024: Limit of harmful substances of furniture---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB18584-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.140
CCS Y 80
Replacing GB 18584-2001, GB 28481-2012
Limit of hazardous substances of furniture
Issued on. JUNE 25, 2024
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Requirements and test methods... 7
5 Determination of test results... 8
Annex A (informative) List of phthalates... 9
Annex B (informative) List of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons... 10
Annex C (informative) List of aromatic amines that can be decomposed by
decomposable aromatic amine colourants... 11
Annex D (normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and
TVOC in soft furniture... 12
Annex E (normative) Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and
TVOC in wooden furniture and other furniture... 16
Annex F (normative) Measurement method of exposed area of soft furniture... 20
Annex G (normative) Calculation of the contour volume of wooden furniture and other
furniture... 23
Limit of hazardous substances of furniture
1 Scope
This document specifies the limit requirements and test result determination of
hazardous substances in furniture. It defines the terms and definitions and describes the
test methods.
This document applies to all types of furniture products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 6675.4-2014, Safety of toys -- Part 4.Migration of certain elements
GB/T 27717, Determination of dimethyl fumarate of furniture
GB/T 28202, Furniture industry terminology
GB/T 31106, Determination of volatile organic compounds in furniture
GB/T 31107, Environmental chamber for the determination of volatile organic
compounds of furniture -- General technical requirements
GB/T 38724, Furniture hazardous substances -- Test method for radioactivity
GB/T 40904, Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture
products and related materials -- Azo dyes
GB/T 40906, Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture
products and related materials -- Certain phthalate esters
GB/T 40908, Methods for the determination of prohibited substances in furniture
products and related materials -- Flame retardants
GB/T 40971, Methods for the determination of prohibited substance in furniture
products and related materials -- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
GB 28007, Technical specifications for the safety of infants and children furniture
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air -- Part 3.Determination of formaldehyde and other
carbonyl compounds in indoor and test chamber air -- Active sampling method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 28202
and GB 28007 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 total volatile organic compounds; TVOC
Volatile organic compounds with retention times between n-hexane and n-hexadecane
are analyzed using a Tenax GC or Tenax TA sampler and a non-polar column (polarity
index less than 10).
3.2 migrated hazardous elements
Antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium elements
measured in furniture surface coatings by prescribed test methods.
3.3 phthalates
Esters (or a series of lipid substances) formed by the reaction of phthalic acid with
alcohol.
3.4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH
Aromatic hydrocarbons containing two or more fused aromatic rings.
NOTE. The rings may also have short alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents. The PAHs in this document
refer to the 18 PAHs in Annex B.
3.5 decomposable aromatic amine colourants
Dyes (with azo groups) that can decompose and release one or more aromatic amines
that are or may be carcinogenic to humans in textiles or leather and fur products that
come into direct contact with the human body.
4 Requirements and test methods
4.1 Formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC
The release limits of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in furniture
shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.
4.2 Migrated hazardous elements
The limits of migrated hazardous elements in furniture shall comply with the
requirements of Table 2.
5 Determination of test results
If the test result of the test item does not exceed the limit value specified in this
document, the item is judged to be compliant.
Annex D
(normative)
Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in soft
furniture
D.1 Instruments and equipment
D.1.1 Climate chamber
It shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 31107.
D.1.2 Sampling instruments and equipment
They shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 31106.
D.2 Test procedure
D.2.1 Calculation of sample exposure area
Calculate the sample exposure area according to the provisions of Annex F. When the
sample is adjustable, calculate according to the minimum adjustable sample area.
D.2.2 Preprocessing
Before the test, measure and record the total area of the sample to be tested (exposed
area). Pre-treat the sample to be tested.
The preprocessing time is (120±2)h.
The preprocessing environmental conditions are.
- Temperature. (23±2)℃;
- Relative humidity. (50±10)%;
- The distance between samples is not less than 300 mm.
D.2.3 Preparation before the test
The load rate during the test is 0.30 m2/m3 ~ 0.70 m2/m3.The standard load rate is 0.5
m2/m3.When the sample load rate is not equal to 0.5 m2/m3, the area load rate of the
sample is calculated according to formula (D.1).
Background concentration of hazardous substances in the climate chamber.
formaldehyde less than or equal to 0.006 mg/m3; benzene, toluene and xylene are all
less than or equal to 0.005 mg/m3; TVOC less than or equal to 0.05 mg/m3.
D.2.4 Test environment requirements
After the preprocessing, the samples are immediately transferred to the test climate
chamber. The mattress samples shall be placed on the brackets, and other products shall
be placed in the middle of the chamber in normal use. The bracket material shall not
absorb or release volatile organic compounds. The bracket shall not affect the air
circulation in the chamber. The air volume occupied is less than 1% of the chamber
volume.
D.2.5 Test procedure requirements
The test is carried out according to the following provisions.
- Place the sample to be tested in the center of the climate chamber. Close the door.
Define this time point as the initial time "±0";
- Keep the climate chamber in operation so that the airflow in the chamber circulates
over all surfaces of the sample being tested.
D.2.6 Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC
The formaldehyde content is determined according to the method specified in ISO
16000-3.
The determination of benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 31106.Only benzene, toluene and xylene shall
be quantified separately. The concentration of all other compounds with retention times
between n-hexane and n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane) shall be
calculated according to the response coefficient of toluene. The sum of the
concentrations of all volatile organic compound components with retention times
between n-hexane and n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane) is the
TVOC concentration. The calculation results shall be expressed to 3 decimal places.
D.3 Result calculation
D.3.1 Concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in the
climate chamber under test conditions
Calculate according to formula (D.2).
Annex E
(normative)
Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in wooden
furniture and other furniture
E.1 Instruments and equipment
E.1.1 Climate chamber
It shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 31107.
E.1.2 Sampling instruments and equipment
They shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 31106.
E.2 Test procedure
E.2.1 Calculation of sample contour volume
Calculate the sample contour volume according to the provisions of Annex G. When
the sample is adjustable, calculate it according to the minimum volume that the sample
can be adjusted to for normal use.
E.2.2 Preprocessing
Before testing, assembled products, foldable products, and adjustable products shall be
assembled, opened, and adjusted in the manner that is most conducive to the release of
hazardous substances. Generally, the entire product is pretreated. All surfaces of
product components shall be exposed to the preprocessing environment.
The preprocessing time is (120±2) h.
The preprocessing environmental conditions are.
E.2.3 Preparation before the test
The volume loading rate of the climate chamber is 0.075 m3/m3 ~ 0.3 m3/m3.Select a
suitable climate chamber based on the principle that the volume loading rate is closest
to 0.15 m3/m3.When the sample volume loading rate is set to 0.15, the air exchange
After the sample is placed in the climate chamber for (20±0.5) h, air sampling is carried
out according to the provisions of GB/T 31106.The sampling shall be completed within 1 h.
E.2.5 Determination of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC
The formaldehyde content is determined according to the method specified in ISO
16000-3.
The determination of benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 31106.Only benzene, toluene and xylene shall
be quantified separately. The concentration of all other compounds with retention times
between n-hexane and n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane) shall be
calculated according to the response coefficient of toluene. The sum of the
concentrations of all volatile organic compound components with retention times
between n-hexane and n-hexadecane (including n-hexane and n-hexadecane) is the
TVOC concentration. The calculation results shall be expressed to 3 decimal places.
E.3 Result calculation
E.3.1 Concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC in the
climate chamber under test conditions
Calculate according to formula (E.2).
Annex F
(normative)
Measurement method of exposed area of soft furniture
F.1 Measurement principles
The exposed area of soft furniture specified in this document is the total surface area of
the sample in contact with the ambient air. Metal and plastic parts are not included. It
can be measured by direct measurement, film measurement, scanning, digital imaging,
etc. The result is accurate to 0.01 m2.
F.2 Measurement method
F.2.1 Direct measurement
Directly measure the size of the exposed part with a steel ruler or tape measure with a
graduation value of 1 mm. Use mathematical formulas or drawing software to calculate
the exposed area of soft furniture.
F.2.2 Film measurement
Attach the plastic film to the surface of the sample. Use a marker to outline the exposed
area. Flatten the plastic film. Measure the dimensions with a steel ruler or tape measure
with a graduation of 1 mm. Use mathematical formulas or drawing software to calculate
the exposed area of the upholstered furniture.
F.2.3 Laser scanning or digital imaging measurement
Use a laser scanner to collect point cloud data of all parts of the sample. Scan around
and on the top of the sample. Later, the point cloud is aligned and spliced. Eliminate
redundant non-target point clouds. Calculate the exposed area of soft furniture through
the scanner software. Or use an optical digital imaging system to capture sample
information. Calculate the exposed area of soft furniture through post-processing
software.
F.3 Measurement methods
F.3.1 Mattress type
F.3.1.1 Ordinary square mattress
Measure the length, width and height of the mattress. Calculate the surface area, back
area and edge area. Add them together to get the exposed area. Ignore the effect of the
hem and rounded corners.
F.3.1.2 Round and other shaped mattresses
Measure the dimensions of each part of the bed surface. Divide the plane into sectors,
squares, etc. Calculate the surface area, back area, and edge area, respectively. Add
them up to get the exposed area. Ignore the effect of the edge.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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