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QC/T 1230-2025: Wheel side drive axle of electric bus
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/QCT1230-2025QC AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARD ICS 43.040.50 CCS T 21 Wheel side drive axle of electric bus Issued on: MAY 09, 2025 Implemented on: NOVEMBER 01, 2025 Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3 1 Scope... 4 2 Normative references... 4 3 Terms and definitions... 5 4 Technical requirements... 5 4.1 General requirements... 5 4.2 Performance requirements... 6 5 Test methods... 8 5.1 Test preparation... 8 5.2 Break-in period... 9 5.3 Performance test... 10 6 Inspection rules... 25 6.1 Inspection classification... 25 6.2 Exit-factory inspection... 25 6.3 Type inspection... 26 7 Marks, packaging, transportation and storage... 27 7.1 Marks... 27 7.2 Packaging... 27 7.3 Transportation... 27 7.4 Storage... 27 Annex A (informative) Test grouping of type inspection items... 28 Wheel side drive axle of electric bus1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marks, packaging, transportation and storage for wheel side drive axle of electric bus. This document applies to wheel side drive axle of M3 electric bus. Other vehicles may refer to this document for implementation.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 191, Graphical symbols marking for handling and storage of packages GB/T 4208-2017, Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) GB/T 10125, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres -- Salt spray tests GB/T 13306, Plates GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB/T 18386.2, Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles -- Part 2.Heavy-duty commercial vehicles GB/T 18488, Drive motor system for electric vehicles GB/T 19596, Terminology of electric vehicles GB/T 38146.2, China automotive test cycle -- Part 2.Heavy-duty commercial vehicles JT/T 1359-2020, Technical requirements for passenger car air suspension QC/T 533, Commercial Vehicle Drive Axles Assembly QC/T 983, Measuring method of cleanliness of automobile transmission assembly QC/T 1022, Technical specification for reduction gearbox of battery electric passenger cars3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15089, GB/T 18488, GB/T 19596, QC/T 533 and QC/T 1022 as well as the followings apply. 3.1 wheel side drive axle A drive unit consisting of a drive motor and a reducer is integrated on the wheel rim. The drive motor is located outside the wheel hub. The drive units on both sides are connected to the vehicle body through a rigid support axle or independent suspension to transmit power to the wheels. 3.1.1 integral wheel side drive axle A wheel side drive axle of which the two drive units are connected by a rigid support bridge. 3.1.2 disconnected wheel side drive axle A wheel side drive axle of which the two drive units are connected to the vehicle body via independent suspension. 3.2 wheel side reducer assembly A device located at both ends of the wheel side drive axle, connected to the motor output end, to reduce speed and increase torque.4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 The outer surface of the wheel side drive axle shall be clean, free from rust and oxidation, and free from defects such as cracks and burrs that affect performance and appearance. 4.1.2 There shall be no oil leakage at any mating surfaces, oil seals, bolt holes, etc. of the wheel side drive axle. 4.1.3 All electrical components, connecting wires and connectors on the wheel side drive axle shall be securely fixed and well protected. 4.1.4 The wheel side drive axle shall rotate freely without any abnormal noises (such as friction between the stator and rotor, periodic abnormal noises, abnormal noises after damage to gear bearings, etc.) or jamming. 4.1.5 The wheel side drive axle shall function normally under the following conditions. a) Operating temperature. -40℃~55℃; b) Operating humidity. 5%~95%. 4.2 Performance requirements 4.2.1 Bridge performance 4.2.1.1 Vertical bending stiffness The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.1.The maximum deformation per meter of wheel track of the integral wheel side drive axle shall not exceed 1.4 mm. 4.2.1.2 Vertical bending static strength The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.2.The reserve factor for the vertical bending static strength of the integral wheel side drive axle shall be greater than 6. 4.2.1.3 Bridge fatigue The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.3.The fatigue life shall meet the following requirements. a) Integral wheel side drive axle. 1) Vertical bending fatigue life shall not be less than 8 × 10⁵ cycles; 2) Braking fatigue life shall not be less than 8.8 × 10⁴ cycles; 3) Transverse bending fatigue life shall not be less than 2 × 10⁵ cycles. b) Disconnected wheel side drive axle 1) The fatigue life of the bridge body shall not be less than 8×10⁵ cycles; 2) The suspension system shall meet the requirements of 5.7 in JT/T 1359-2020. 4.2.2 Static torsional strength The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.4.The static torsional strength reserve factor shall not be less than 3. 4.2.3 Air tightness The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.5.The change in gas pressure shall not exceed 20 Pa. 4.2.4 Dynamic sealing The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.6.There shall be no oil leakage at any mating surfaces, oil seals, bolt holes, etc. 4.2.5 High-speed performance The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.7.There shall be no oil leakage during or after the test. Furthermore, bearings, gears, oil seals, and other parts shall not show signs of burning or damage that would affect the normal operation of the wheel side drive axle. 4.2.6 Overspeed performance The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.8.There shall be no oil leakage or abnormal noise during or after the test. Furthermore, bearings, gears, oil seals, and other parts shall not show signs of burning or damage that would affect the normal operation of the wheel side drive axle. 4.2.7 Temperature rise performance The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.9.The oil temperature shall be stable at a certain temperature for more than 30 min. It shall not exceed the maximum allowable temperature. The temperature-time curve shall be smooth without abrupt changes. 4.2.8 Transmission fatigue life of wheel side reducer assembly The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in 5.3.10.After the test, the main components shall not be damaged, such as fracture, severe pitting on the tooth surface (pitting area exceeding 4 mm2 or depth exceeding 0.5 mm), peeling, bearing jamming, abnormal noise, etc. 4.2.9 Cleanliness The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.11.The cleanliness of the drive axle shall be tested without disassembly. The ratio of the total amount of impurities in the lubricating oil to the rated amount of lubricating oil shall not exceed 50 mg/L. 4.2.10 Efficiency The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.12.The maximum efficiency of the wheel side drive axle shall not be less than 92%. The operating efficiency shall not be less than 85%. 4.2.11 Noise Conduct the test according to the method specified in 5.3.13.The noise level shall not exceed 85 dB(A). 4.2.12 Protective performance The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.14.The wheel side drive axle shall meet the IPX7 requirement specified in GB/T 4208-2017. 4.2.13 Salt spray resistance The test shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.15.The salt spray test time shall not be less than 240 h. No red rust shall form on the product after the test. 4.2.14 Drive motor performance 4.2.14.1 The mechanical impact test requirements for the drive motor shall be conducted according to the method specified in 5.3.16.After the test, the drive motor components shall be undamaged. Fasteners shall be secure. The motor insulation resistance and withstand voltage shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18488. 4.2.14.2 Except for mechanical shock requirements, the performance of the drive motor shall meet the requirements of GB/T 18488. 4.2.14.3 Conduct the test according to the method specified in 5.3.14.The drive motor shall meet the IP68 rating requirements specified in GB/T 4208-2017.5 Test methods
5.1 Test preparation 5.1.1 Accuracy requirements for testing instruments The accuracy class or maximum permissible error of the testing instruments shall not be lower than the requirements in Table 1.For instruments measuring electrical parameters, they shall be able to meet the corresponding DC and AC parameter measurement accuracy and waveform requirements. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
