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HJ 1213-2021: Technical specification to thermal discharge monitoring for coastal nuclear power plants based on satellite remote sensing (on trial)
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Technical specification to thermal discharge monitoring for coastal nuclear power plants based on satellite remote sensing (on trial)
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HJ 1213-2021
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Standard similar to HJ 1213-2021 HJ 1217 HJ 1204 HJ 1203 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1213-2021 (HJ1213-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification to thermal discharge monitoring for coastal nuclear power plants based on satellite remote sensing (on trial) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 12,121 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1213-2021: Technical specification to thermal discharge monitoring for coastal nuclear power plants based on satellite remote sensing (on trial)
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(Technical Specifications for Remote Sensing Monitoring of Thermal Drainage of Binhai Nuclear Power Plant (Trial) (Release Draft))
National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China
Binhai Nuclear Power Plant Warm Drainage
Technical Specifications for Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring (for Trial Implementation)
Technical specification to thermal discharge monitoring
for coastal nuclear power plants based on satellite remote sensing (on trial)
This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Published on 2021-11-26
2022-03-01 Implementation
Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
directory
Foreword...ii
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 Mission objectives and requirements...2
5 Technical process and method...2
6 Quality Control...6
7 Requirements for the form of results...6
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Example of Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring Products for Temperature Drainage of Binhai Nuclear Power Plant...8
Technical Specification for Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring of Temperature and Drainage of Binhai Nuclear Power Plant (Trial)
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the technical process and methods for satellite thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring of thermal drainage in Binhai Nuclear Power Plant.
This standard is applicable to the supervisory monitoring of the thermal impact of surface seawater caused by the thermal drainage of coastal nuclear power plants.
The heat impact monitoring of other industrial water discharged into the water body can be implemented with reference to this standard.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
GB 3097 seawater quality standard
GB/T 13989 National Basic Scale Topographic Map Framing and Numbering
GB/T 15968 Remote Sensing Image Plan Production Specification
GB/T 34514 Land Observation Satellite Remote Sensing Data Distribution and User Service Requirements
HJ 1037 Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Intake and Drainage of Nuclear Power Plants (Trial)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Thermal discharge thermal discharge
Cooling water and industrial process water used to transport waste heat, the water temperature is higher than the temperature of the natural water body in the discharge area.
[Source. HJ 1037-2019, 3.9]
3.2
potential thermal plume area
The possible temperature rise envelope range of warm drainage in space, that is, the potential range of warm drainage discharge.
3.3
reference temperature
An evaluation criterion set for objectively extracting and evaluating the influence area and intensity of warm water drainage, represented by the symbol T0.
3.4
temperature rising area
The temperature of the receiving water body caused by warm drainage exceeds the range of the natural water body temperature in the area.
3.5
average temperature method of multi-discrete points
When there is a 0.5 ℃ diving area boundary line, the boundary line is used as a reference, otherwise the current image is not less than 100 km2 higher than the remote
The boundary line of the area with an average temperature of 0.5 °C in the sense inversion is used as a reference, and within the buffer zone.200 m to 500 m outside the reference boundary line, the space is distributed at equal intervals.
The method of setting a datum reference position and using the average temperature retrieved from remote sensing in this datum reference position as the reference temperature is called the discrete multi-point averaging method.
Note. The discrete multi-point averaging method belongs to the position reference method, and each scene image is extracted independently.
3.6
average temperature method of adjacent replaceable area
Based on the statistics of historical temperature data retrieved from remote sensing, the most similar adjacent stable area outside the 0.5 °C submerged discharge area was selected as the base.
The quasi-reference position, and the method of using the average temperature retrieved from remote sensing in this reference position as the reference temperature is called the adjacent area substitution method.
Note. The adjacent area substitution method belongs to the position reference method, and each scene image is extracted independently.
3.7
average temperature method of gulf area
In the bay space range, the method of taking the average temperature retrieved from remote sensing after deducting the range of the submerged discharge area as the reference temperature is called bay average.
temperature method.
Note. The bay average temperature method is a method of numerical statistics, and each image is extracted independently.
4 Mission objectives and requirements
4.1 Mission Objectives
Using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing data, the sea surface temperature near the nuclear power plant is obtained by inversion, and the corresponding reference temperature is obtained according to 5.2.6, and based on
According to 5.2.7, the spatial range of thermal drainage and the spatial distribution of different intensities are extracted from the results of sea surface temperature monitored by thermal infrared remote sensing.
4.2 Monitoring indicators
There are two monitoring indicators in this standard.
a) Spatial distribution range of surface temperature rise of warm drainage;
b) Surface distribution area of different temperature rise intensity.
4.3 Remote sensing data source requirements
The requirements for remote sensing data sources of thermal infrared satellites for remote sensing monitoring of temperature and drainage of nuclear power plants should meet the following conditions.
a) Spatial resolution. selected according to the actual situation, at least the spatial range affected by the first-level temperature rise intensity (see Table 1) can be obtained;
b) Spectral range. 8.0 µm~12.5 µm spectrum range should be selected for sea surface temperature inversion, and 0.39 µm~2.53 µm spectrum should be selected for water-land separation
segment range;
c) Noise equivalent temperature difference. the noise equivalent temperature difference in the 8.0 μm~12.5 μm spectral band should be ≤0.5 K;
d) Absolute radiometric calibration accuracy. the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy in the 8.0 µm~12.5 µm spectrum should be ≤1 K;
e) Scope of data. it should completely cover the submerged area of the nuclear power plant with warm drainage;
f) Cloud cover. the cloud cover over the submerged discharge area of the nuclear power plant should not exceed 5%;
g) Others. Data with stripes should be avoided in processing, or the data processed by the strip repair method provided by the official image publishing unit should be avoided.
No stripe data.
5 Technical process and method
5.1 Monitoring technical process
Figure 1 shows the technical process of satellite remote sensing monitoring of nuclear power plant temperature and drainage.
5.2 Monitoring technical methods
5.2.1 Spatial clipping
The technical requirements for setting the space clipping range are as follows.
a) Centering on the discharge outlet of the warm water of the nuclear power plant, the space should completely cover the area affected by the warm water;
b) The need for expressing surrounding landmark geographical elements should be taken into account when mapping, and the scope of spatial clipping should be appropriately expanded.
5.2.2 Geometric Correction
The processing requirements of geometric correction technology are as follows.
a) Common projection methods such as WGS84 UTM, Xi'an 80, and CGCS2000 should be used;
b) The reference image or spatial point coordinate information should be used for geometric correction, and the correction accuracy should be controlled within 1 pixel.
5.2.3 Absolute radiometric calibration
The operation steps of absolute radiation calibration technology are as follows.
a) Obtain the absolute radiation calibration coefficients corresponding to different spectrum bands from the satellite data header file or the official satellite website;
b) Using the absolute radiometric calibration formula given by the satellite, convert the gray value of the image into apparent radiance.
5.2.4 Separation of land and water
The technical requirements for water and land separation are as follows.
a) For a fixed water bank that is not affected by tides, separate land and water through a fixed boundary line to obtain a water and land mask;
b) For waterfronts that are easily affected by tides, visible light, near-infrared and thermal-infrared images are used separately for each scene image.
Water body index, angular distance similarity index, etc., to obtain water and land masks.
5.2.5 SST inversion
5.2.5.1 Basic requirements
According to the number of thermal infrared spectrum segments of the sensor, as well as the absolute radiation calibration accuracy of each spectrum segment, whether the noise equivalent temperature difference can meet the requirements (see
4.3 c), d)), select the single-channel SST inversion method or the multi-channel SST inversion method (see 5.1).
First use the multi-channel SST inversion method. For the specific technical steps of typical SST inversion methods, see 5.2.5.2 and 5.2.5.3.
5.2.5.2 Single-channel SST inversion
For satellite remote sensing data with only one thermal infrared spectrum, a single-channel SST inversion model should be used, and the single-channel SST inversion model should be
Using the radiation transmission method, the technical steps and requirements are as follows.
a) According to the atmospheric radiative transfer model, calculate the three basic parameters of atmospheric transmittance, atmospheric upward radiation and atmospheric downward radiation;
b) Calculate the equivalent blackbody radiance corrected by the sea surface emissivity according to formula (1), that is, the blackbody radiance with the sea surface temperature Ts.
L
(1)
down
sensor up L
LL
(1)
In the formula. L(Ts) - equivalent black body radiance, W/(m
·sr·μm);
Ts - sea surface temperature retrieved from remote sensing images, °C;
Lsensor--Apparent radiance, W/(m
·sr·μm);
Lup -- Atmospheric upward radiance, W/(m
·sr·μm);
Ldown -- Atmospheric downlink radiance, W/(m
·sr·μm);
τ--atmospheric transmittance, dimensionless;
ε--Surface specific emissivity, dimensionless.
c) According to formula (2) and formula (3), establish a lookup table of black body temperature Ti and equivalent black body radiance Beff(Ti) in thermal infrared spectrum, from which
Find the sea surface temperature Ts value corresponding to the equivalent blackbody radiance L(Ts) of the sea surface, and realize the conversion of the equivalent blackbody radiance to temperature.
In the process of table building, the temperature step is 0.1 K, and the temperature range covers 273.15 K to 318.15 K, that is, 0 ℃ to 45 ℃.
max
min
max
min
()
()
, i
eff i
BT
BT
(2)
In the formula. Beff(Ti)--the equivalent blackbody radiance when the blackbody temperature is Ti, W/(m
·sr·μm);
ƒ(λ)--channel response function, dimensionless;
λ∈[λmin,λmax]--wavelength interval of channel response, μm;
B(λ,Ti)--black body radiance at temperature Ti and wavelength λ, W/(m
·sr·μm);
exp/1
BT
c T
(3)
In the formula. B(λ,Ti)--black body radiance at temperature Ti and wavelength λ, W/(m
·sr·μm);
λ--wavelength of channel response, μm;
Ti--black body temperature, °C;
5.2.5.3 Multi-channel SST inversion
Satellite remote sensing data with two or more thermal infrared spectrum bands should use multi-channel SST inversion, and multi-channel SST inversion.
The split-window algorithm should be adopted. Taking two spectral segments as an example, the other multiple spectral numbers can be referred to in the same way. The technical steps and requirements are as follows.
a) Using the equivalent blackbody radiance-temperature lookup table, convert the apparent radiance Lsensor of the two thermal infrared spectrum bands into apparent brightness temperature respectively;
b) Convert the apparent brightness temperature of the two thermal infrared spectral bands to sea surface temperature according to formula (4).
5.2.6 Reference temperature extraction
For the same nuclear power plant, the reference temperature extraction method of remote sensing monitoring temperature and drainage should be consistent, and the reference temperature extraction method includes location parameters.
test type (see 3.5, 3.6) and numerical statistics type (see 3.7). The technical steps and requirements are as follows.
a) Identify the type of sea area and select the corresponding reference temperature extraction method.
1) Open sea area. use the position reference type method to determine whether the first unit of the nuclear power plant exists for at least one year before the first criticality
Thermal infrared remote sensing image data, if it exists, use the adjacent area substitution method to obtain the reference reference position, if it does not exist, use
The datum reference position is obtained by the discrete multi-point averaging method.
2) Semi-enclosed sea area. The method of numerical statistics type is adopted, that is, the method of average temperature of the bay.
b) According to the selected reference temperature extraction method, extract or count the reference temperature T0 from the image of the sea surface temperature inversion result to be monitored.
5.2.7 Extraction and statistics of temperature rise area distribution
According to the sea surface temperature retrieved by remote sensing, the temperature rise area distribution of thermal drainage is extracted according to formula (5), and the temperature rise intensity is identified by grading,
For classification specification, please refer to GB 3097 grade requirements for water temperature rise. The temperature rise intensity grading and the color scale (RGB value) corresponding to the thematic map are shown in the table
1.See Appendix A for an example of the content of the achievement report.
5.2.8 Simultaneous measurement of sea surface
Using the effective sea surface synchronous measurement experiment, the comparison and mutual verification of satellite remote sensing monitoring and sea surface synchronous measurement experiment are carried out. Simultaneous measurement of the sea surface
The technical requirements are as follows.
a) The satellite geosynchronous measurement test on the sea surface should be completed no earlier than 2 hours before the satellite transit and no later than 2 hours after the satellite transit;
b) The measurement range should cover the entire submerged drainage area, and the measurement points should be "close and far away", that is, the closer to the drainage outlet, the more measurement points;
c) Measure the temperature of the water body at a depth of 0 cm to 50 cm from the water surface, and the frequency of measurement at the same point should not be less than 5 times;
d) Simultaneously measure the water body temperature sequence during the test period at fixed points, and use this sequence to make natural changes to the water body temperature in the measurement test
calibration.
5.2.9 Relative Deviation Verification
The relative deviation value is used to evaluate the consistency between the sea surface synchronous measurement results and the remote sensing monitoring results. The relative deviation is calculated according to formula (6).
Calculated, the relative deviation of the total area should be within 15%.
6 Quality Control
The main indicators of quality control in different technical links are as follows.
a) Spatial cropping. the spatial range should be consistent after cropping images of different time phases;
b) Geometric correction. meet 5.2.2 b);
c) Absolute radiometric calibration. use the absolute radiometric calibration coefficient issued at the closest satellite transit time, and the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy should be ≤
1 ℃;
d) Separation of water and land. mixed pixels of water and land should be classified as land part;
e) Sea surface temperature inversion. relative accuracy should be used for evaluation, and the relative accuracy should be ≤0.5 °C;
f) Reference temperature extraction. the same reference temperature method shall be used for the same power plant, and the accuracy of reference temperature extraction shall be evaluated using 5.2.9.
assessment and verification;
g) Extraction and statistics of the distribution of temperature rise areas. The temperature rise areas of different levels shall not overlap in space, and the temperature rise areas of the same level shall be kept spatially
continuous;
h) Sea surface synchronous measurement. The instruments and equipment used for sea surface synchronous measurement should be regularly maintained and calibrated, and the quality management should follow the
The relevant requirements of the laboratory quality management system;
i) Verification of relative deviation. For remote sensing monitoring results that do not meet the requirements of the accuracy index in 5.2.9, the reference temperature extraction method should be re-adjusted.
Law.
7 Result form requirements
7.1 The results of satellite remote sensing monitoring of temperature and drainage of Binhai NPP shall include monitoring data, thematic maps and reports, etc.
7.2 Monitoring data should include original remote sensing data, preprocessed remote sensing data, sea surface temperature inversion result data and temperature rise monitoring result data,
See GB/T 34514 and 5.2.7 Table 1 for relevant requirements.
7.3 The production of thematic maps shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 13989 and GB/T 15968.For details, please refer to Figure A.1 of Appendix A.
7.4 The preparation of the report shall include information such as the content and indicators of the monitoring area, data sources and results.
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