GB/T 40286-2021 PDF English
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GB/T 40286-2021: The performance testing method of bi-circulation unit for low-temperature waste heat recovery and utilization
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT40286-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.010
J 88
The performance testing method of bi-circulation unit for
low-temperature waste heat recovery and utilization
ISSUED ON: MAY 21, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Symbols ... 6
5 Test regulations ... 8
6 Test preparation ... 9
7 Testing ... 13
8 Test data collation and test report ... 21
Annex A (informative) Test report template ... 24
The performance testing method of bi-circulation unit for
low-temperature waste heat recovery and utilization
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the performance testing method of bi-circulation unit for low-
temperature waste heat recovery and utilization, including terms and definitions,
symbols, test specifications, test preparation, testing, test data collation and test report.
This Standard is applicable to the performance test of bi-circulation unit for low-
temperature waste heat recovery and utilization (hereinafter referred to as "the device").
The performance test of other similar devices can be performed by using this Standard
as reference.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 755, Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 2624 (all parts), Full differential pressure device installed in a pipe of circular
cross-section measuring fluid flow
GB/T 5773-2016, The method of performance test for positive displacement
refrigerant compressors
GB/T 10870, The methods of performance test for water chilling (heat pump)
packages using the vapour compression cycle
GB/Z 18039.1, Electromagnetic compatibility - Environment - Description and
classification of electromagnetic environments
GB/T 18430.1-2007, Water chilling (heat pump) packages using the vapor
compression cycle - Part 1: Water chilling (heat pump) packages for industrial and
commercial and similar application
GB/T 37819-2019, Bi-circulation power generation unit for low-temperature waste
heat recovery
GB/T 50050, Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment
cp - the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the cold source or heat source
medium at the average temperature, in joules per kilogram Celsius [J/(kg·℃)];
ha - the specific enthalpy of the organic working medium at the outlet of the evaporator,
in joules per kilogram (J/kg);
hd - the specific enthalpy of the organic working medium at the inlet of the evaporator,
in joules per kilogram (J/kg);
h1 - the inlet enthalpy value of the heat source medium on the evaporator side, in joules
per kilogram (J/kg);
h2 - the outlet enthalpy of the heat source medium on the evaporator side, in Joules per
kilogram (J/kg);
Kc - the heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the condenser and the
ambient air, in watts per square meter Celsius [W/(m2·℃)];
Ke - the heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the evaporator and the
ambient air, in watts per square meter Celsius [W/(m2·℃)];
Kf - the heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the auxiliary equipment
and the ambient air from the evaporator to the expander and from the expander to the
condenser, in units of watts per square meter Celsius [W/(m2·℃)];
Mg - the mass flow rate of the gas organic working medium and lubricating oil mixture
measured by the flow meter, in kilograms per second (kg/s);
Ml - the mass flow rate of the mixture of liquid organic working medium and lubricating
oil measured by the flow meter, in kilograms per second (kg/s);
Pin - the electric power input of the device, in watts (W);
Pout - the electric power output of the device, in watts (W);
Ps - the shaft power output of the device, in watts (W);
Qc - the heat release on the condenser side of the device, in watts (W);
Qc,r - the heat correction value of the condenser into the environment, in watts (W);
Qe - the heat absorption on the evaporator side of the device, in watts (W);
Qe,r - the heat correction value of the evaporator into the environment, in watts (W);
Qs,r - the total heat released to the ambient air by the auxiliary equipment from the
evaporator to the expander and from the expander to the condenser, in watts (W);
qv - the volume flow, in cubic meters per second (m3/s);
ta - the ambient air temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C);
tc,m - the average value of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling source medium
on the condenser side, in degrees Celsius (°C);
te,m - the average value of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat source medium
on the evaporator side, in degrees Celsius (°C);
tf - the average surface temperature of auxiliary equipment from the evaporator to the
expander and from the expander to the condenser, in degrees Celsius (°C);
t1 - the inlet temperature of the heat source medium on the evaporator side, in degrees
Celsius (°C);
t2 - the outlet temperature of the heat source medium on the evaporator side, in degrees
Celsius (°C);
t3 - the inlet temperature of the cooling source medium on the condenser side, in degrees
Celsius (°C);
t4 - the outlet temperature of the cooling source medium on the condenser side, in
degrees Celsius (°C);
αf - the surface heat transfer coefficient of auxiliary equipment, in watts per square
meter in degrees Celsius [W/(m2·℃)];
δf - the thickness of the thermal insulation material on the surface of the auxiliary
equipment, in meters (m);
ηout - the thermoelectric conversion efficiency;
ηs - the thermal efficiency;
λf - the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material on the surface of the
auxiliary equipment, in watts per meter Celsius [W/(m·°C)];
ρ - the density of cold source or heat source medium at average temperature, in
kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3);
ω - In the mixed solution of organic working fluid and lubricating oil, the mass ratio of
organic working fluid and mixed solution.
5 Test regulations
5.1 When testing the device, two different methods shall be used to measure at the same
time, defined as Method X and Method Y, respectively. See 7.3 for the selection
principles of Method X and Method Y.
- The maximum ambient temperature does not exceed 40℃;
- When the test is carried out at an altitude of more than 1000m or the ambient air
temperature is higher than 40℃, it shall be carried out in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 755.
6.2 Device status and requirements
6.2.1 The general requirements of the device shall comply with the provisions of
5.1.2~5.1.15 in GB/T 37819-2019.
6.2.2 The safety requirements of the device shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in
GB/T 37819-2019.
6.2.3 The air tightness requirements of the device shall comply with the provisions in
GB/T 18430.1-2007.
6.3 Test system requirements
6.3.1 The test system shall use qualified measuring instruments to complete the
measurement of temperature, pressure, flow, electrician, time, quality, noise, speed,
power. The measuring instrument shall comply with the provisions of 6.4.
6.3.2 The test equipment and instruments of the test system shall not interfere with the
normal operation and operation of the device.
6.3.3 The cleanliness and corrosiveness of the heat source and cold source medium used
in the test system shall meet the requirements of the device. The water quality shall
meet the requirements of GB/T 50050.
6.3.4 The test system shall have the functions of safe grid connection and splitting of
power. Its power system design standards shall comply with the provisions of Chapter
12 of GB 50588-2017.
6.3.5 The test system shall be equipped with an electric energy measurement device. Its
design shall meet the requirements of DL/T 5137.
6.3.6 There shall be no interference around the test system. The electromagnetic
environment of the test site shall meet the requirements of GB/Z 18039.1.
6.3.7 The test system shall be protected from freezing when it is out of service.
6.4 Test instrument requirements
6.4.1 General provisions
6.4.1.1 The type of instrument used for the test can be one or more to measure.
6.4.1.2 The test instrument shall be tested and calibrated by the national metrology
department within the valid period of use.
6.4.1.3 The installation and use of measuring instruments shall comply with the
provisions in GB/T 10870.
6.4.2 Temperature measuring instruments and requirements
6.4.2.1 Temperature measuring instruments
Temperature measuring instruments include glass mercury thermometer, resistance
thermometer, thermocouple and semiconductor thermometer.
6.4.2.2 Temperature measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of the instrument for measuring the following parameters is:
a) The inlet and outlet temperatures of the cold and heat sources of the device: ±0.1℃;
b) Liquid organic working fluid temperature: ±0.1℃;
c) Other temperature: ±0.2℃.
6.4.2.3 Temperature measuring requirements
The following requirements shall be met during temperature measurement:
a) Thermometer casing is made of thin-walled steel pipe or stainless steel thin-walled
pipe. Insert fluid vertically (thermometer sleeve is sized so that airflow is not
significantly affected). When the diameter of the pipe is small, it can be obliquely
inserted into the reverse flow or use a temperature measuring pipe. Insertion depth
is 1/2 pipe diameter;
b) When it is used to measure the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet
of cold and heat sources, it is advisable to exchange the inlet and outlet thermometers
for measurement after each reading, so as to improve the measurement accuracy;
c) When measuring the temperature outside the pipe wall, insulation measures shall
be set, so as to improve the measurement accuracy.
6.4.3 Pressure measuring instruments and requirements
6.4.3.1 Pressure measuring instruments
Pressure measuring instruments include spring tube pressure gauges, pressure sensors,
U-tube differential pressure gauges and mercury barometric pressure gauges.
6.4.3.2 Pressure measuring instrument accuracy
For all pressure measuring instruments, the accuracy of the absolute pressure reading
in DL/T 448-2016. In which:
a) Power meter: level 0.5 for indicating type, level 1 for accumulating type;
b) Ammeter, voltmeter, power factor meter and frequency meter: level 0.5;
c) Transformer: level 0.2;
d) Voltage proof test device: level 2.
6.4.6 Time measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of the time measuring instrument is ±0.1%.
6.4.7 Weight (mass) measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of the weight (mass) measuring instrument is ±0.2%.
6.4.8 Noise measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of the noise measuring instrument is ±2%.
6.4.9 Speed measuring instruments and accuracy
6.4.9.1 Speed measuring instruments
Speed measuring instruments include speed counter, tachometer, flash frequency meter.
6.4.9.2 Speed measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of speed measuring instrument is ±2%.
6.4.10 Shaft power measuring instruments and accuracy
6.4.10.1 Shaft power measuring instruments
Shaft power measuring instruments include torque tachometer, balance dynamometer,
standard motor.
6.4.10.2 Shaft power measuring instrument accuracy
The accuracy of the shaft power measuring instrument is ±1.5%.
7 Testing
7.1 Testing requirements
There are 4 test methods for the device. Two of them shall be selected during the test,
denoted as Method X and Method Y. The data specified in the measurement report (see
The parameter values of the physical properties of the organic working medium shall
be based on the current tables and diagrams of the thermophysical properties of the
organic working medium.
8.1.2 Test data
All measurement data shall be the average value of three consecutive measurements
during the test period and shall be used for uncertainty analysis.
8.2 Test report
8.2.1 General data includes:
a) Test date, location, personnel, start time, end time and measurement time;
b) Device model and exit-factory serial number;
c) Rated electric power output of the device;
d) Types of cold and heat sources;
e) Organic working fluid and lubricating oil;
f) Ambient temperature.
8.2.2 The test conditions are:
a) Inlet temperature on the heat source side;
b) Inlet temperature on the cold source side.
8.2.3 The test method is:
a) Method X;
b) Method Y.
8.2.4 Test results and averages include:
a) Inlet and outlet temperature and flow rate of heat source medium;
b) Inlet and outlet temperature and flow rate of cold source medium;
c) Evaporation pressure, condensation pressure and circulating flow of organic
working medium circulation side;
d) Input voltage, current and power of the device;
e) Generator output current, voltage, frequency or output shaft power of the device;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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