GB/T 28803.1-2025 PDF English
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| GB/T 28803.1-2025 | English | 275 |
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Consumer product safety risk management - Part 1: Directives
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| GB/T 28803-2012 | English | 579 |
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Directives for risk management of consumer products safety
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GB/T 28803.1-2025: Consumer product safety risk management - Part 1: Directives---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT28803.1-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.120.99
CCS A 00
Replacing GB/T 28803-2012
Consumer Product Safety Risk Management - Part 1.
Directives
Issued on: MAY 30, 2025
Implemented on: DECEMBER 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 7
4 Basic Principles... 10
5 General Processes... 11
6 Information Preparation... 12
7 Hazard Identification... 14
8 Risk Estimation... 15
9 Risk Evaluation... 16
10 Risk Control... 17
11 Risk Communication... 17
12 Monitoring and Improvement... 18
Bibliography... 20
Consumer Product Safety Risk Management - Part 1.
Directives
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic principles, general processes, hazard identification, risk
estimation, risk evaluation, risk control, risk communication, and monitoring and improvement
of consumer product safety risk management.
This document is applicable to relevant parties conducting consumer product safety risk
management activities.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 39011-2020 Consumer Product Safety - General Principles for Hazard Identification
GB/T 40981-2021 Consumer Product Safety - General Requirements on Physical Hazard
Assessment
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 consumer product
Product designed and produced primarily, but not exclusively, for personal use.
NOTE. it includes product assemblies, components and parts, accessories, instruction for use and
packaging. For detailed consumer product classification, see GB/T 36431.
[source. GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2, modified]
3.2 hazard
Potential source of injury.
[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.2, modified]
3.3 injury
3.19 information hazard
A factor that results in unauthorized, accidental, or intentional access, disclosure, transmission,
modification or destruction of information.
[source. GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.5]
3.20 ethical hazard
A factor that violates specific behavioral norms that need to be followed in dealing with the
interrelations between people, between people and society, or between people and nature.
[source. GB/T 45097.1-2024, 3.6]
3.21 hazard situation
A situation in which people or property are exposed to one or multiple hazards.
NOTE. this is equivalent to “injury scenario”.
[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.4, modified]
4 Basic Principles
4.1 Focus on Consumer Safety
Focus on the personal and property safety of consumers when using consumer products, with
particular attention paid to special precautions and protection for different special groups (such
as the elderly, children and the disabled).
4.2 Focus on New Products
Focus on the use of intelligent, personalized, and customized technologies and new materials
in consumer products. Develop product design methods for intelligent consumer products,
consumer products for special groups and customized consumer products to ensure product
safety to the fullest extent.
4.3 Throughout the Consumer Product Life Cycle
Carrying out risk management based on the consumer product life cycle is conducive to
preventing potential risks and maintaining consumer product injury generated during the use
within tolerable limits.
4.4 Based on Multi-source Information
The risk management process is based on valid information, which can be obtained from a
variety of channels, including existing standards, regulations, experiments, expert judgment and
consumer complaints. However, the limitations of such information must be considered when
using it.
4.5 Focus on Continuous Improvement
Risk management is the process of continuously reducing risks in response to changes in the
social environment. Continuous improvement is the eternal goal of risk management.
Administrative, legal, standard, regulatory and other improvement measures are utilized to
continuously and incrementally improve consumer product safety risks.
4.6 Promote Extensive Participation
Strengthen communication among risk management stakeholders, especially the appropriate
and timely participation of decision-makers in risk management to ensure the pertinency and
effectiveness of risk management.
5 General Processes
The consumer product safety risk management processes generally include the following steps,
as shown in Figure 1.
a) Information preparation (see Chapter 6 for details);
b) Hazard identification (see Chapter 7 for details);
c) Risk estimation (see Chapter 8 for details);
d) Risk evaluation (see Chapter 9 for details);
e) Risk control (see Chapter 10 for details).
d) Risk management methods;
e) Verification of risk management effectiveness.
6.3 Determine Tolerable Risks
The basis for determining tolerable risks includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.
a) Compliance with relevant laws, regulations, as well as national, industry and group
standards for consumer products;
b) Publicly released risk assessment research data on potential safety hazards of
consumer products;
c) Other scientific research achievements on the safety risk levels of consumer products.
6.4 Preparation of Internal Information
Internal information includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.
a) Consumer product usage information.
---User population. The characteristics of the target consumer product user population
(including intended and unintended user populations), such as gender, age,
knowledge level and physical condition, shall be clarified. Special attention shall
be paid to special user populations (such as the elderly, children and the disabled).
---Intended use. The potential functions of the consumer product shall be defined
based on the instruction for use and other information about the consumer product,
so that risk management can be based on the intended use of the consumer product.
---Usage behavior. Normal consumer use and reasonably foreseeable misuse shall be
defined based on the intended use of the consumer product.
---Service life. The number of years that the consumer product will perform its
intended function under normal consumer use and reasonably foreseeable misuse
shall be defined.
---Usage environment. The size of the space, ambient temperature and air humidity
during the use of the consumer product needs to be considered. The consumer
product usage environment includes both normal use and reasonably foreseeable
misuse.
b) Description of each stage of the consumer product life cycle.
Describe the process characteristics of each stage (such as design, manufacturing,
packaging, storage and transportation) of the consumer product life cycle and
document them.
databases;
d) Domestic and international consumer product recall notifications;
e) Relevant laws, regulations and standards;
f) Consumer product safety testing;
g) Experiments, such as behavioral observation and virtual simulation;
h) Relevant domestic and international research reports.
7.3 Identification Methods
Hazard identification methods can be classified into the following two categories.
a) Cause-effect method. if the hazard is known, then, a hazard situation in which the
hazard may cause injury can be constructed, along with the process by which this
hazard situation leads to injury. The consequences of the injury can then be inferred
from the hazard. The specific method is implemented in accordance with 5.2 in GB/T
39011-2020.
b) Effect-cause method. if potential injury can be judged, then, the potential injury can
be taken as a starting point to determine the hazard causing the injury. This method is
used to infer the hazard situation from the injury, and then, to infer the hazard. This
method can be used at all stages of the consumer product life cycle. The specific
method is implemented in accordance with 5.3 in GB/T 39011-2020.
8 Risk Estimation
8.1 Overview
Risk estimation can be conducted using a variety of methods. However, when appropriate data
is available, quantitative risk estimation methods shall be preferred. In the absence of
appropriate data, qualitative risk estimation methods may also be considered. After identifying
the hazard, a typical consumer product injury scenario shall be constructed based on the risk
factors in 8.2 to estimate the hazard.
8.2 Risk Factors
Generally speaking, a combination of risk factors includes the following contents.
a) Severity of injury;
b) Likelihood of injury.
The severity and likelihood of injury are determined in accordance with the methods provided
in Chapter 8 of GB/T 40981-2021.
8.3 Hazard Situation
Reasonably foreseeable sequences or combinations of consumer product safety events that may
cause injury shall be considered, and the hazard situation shall be documented. Hazard situation
includes, but is not limited to, the following contents.
a) Consumer product user characteristics. the user’s gender, age, intelligence level,
physical ability, education, risk appetite and proficiency in using the consumer
product should be considered. In particular, the physiological and psychological
characteristics of groups with special physical conditions, such as the elderly, children,
the disabled and pregnant women, shall be analyzed.
b) Usage behavior characteristics. the following two types of usage behavior should be
considered. intended reasonable use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the
consumer product.
c) Consumer product characteristics. the following characteristics of the consumer
product should be analyzed, such as product appearance, function, performance,
physical hazard, chemical hazard, biohazard, information hazard, ethical hazard and
others.
d) Usage environment characteristics. the usage environment of the consumer product
should be analyzed, which is mainly to construct the hazard situation that the
consumer product may be involved in, and analyze the product usage space,
temperature and humidity, etc. in each hazard situation one by one.
8.4 Risk Estimation Methods
8.4.1 For the risk estimation method for physical hazard in consumer products, see Table A.1
of GB/T 22760-2020.
8.4.2 For the risk estimation method for chemical hazard and biohazard in consumer products,
see Table A.1 of GB/T 22760-2020.
8.4.3 For the risk estimation method for information hazard and ethical hazard in consumer
products, see Appendix A of GB/T 45097.2-2024.
9 Risk Evaluation
9.1 Overview
During the consumer product life cycle, different risk evaluation methods may be used
depending on the completeness of available injury information, the characteristics of the
consumer product and the nature of the hazards posed by the consumer product, etc.
9.2 Risk Evaluation Methods
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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