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Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage of cryogenic liquefied gas
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Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage of liquefied nature gases -- Part 1: General
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GB/T 26978-2021: Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage of cryogenic liquefied gas
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT26978-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 75.060
CCS E 24
Replacing GB/T 26978.1-2011, GB/T 26978.2-2011, GB/T 26978.3-2011,
GB/T 26978.4-2011, GB/T 26978.5-2011
Design and Manufacture of Site Built, Vertical, Cylindrical,
Flat-bottomed Steel Tanks for the Storage of Cryogenic
Liquefied Gas
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2021
Implemented on. JULY 1, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 9
1 Scope... 10
2 Normative References... 10
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviations... 13
4 Basic Stipulations and General Rules... 24
5 Metal Components... 40
6 Concrete Components... 101
7 Thermal Insulation Components... 105
8 Tests, Drying, Replacement and Cooling... 121
Appendix A (informative) An Example of the Design of Central Reinforcement Ring
... 129
Appendix B (informative) Loads on the Membrane... 132
Appendix C (informative) Thermal Insulation Materials... 133
Appendix D (informative) Test Methods for Thermal Insulation Materials... 135
Appendix E (informative) Acceptance Inspection of Main Thermal Insulation Materials
... 138
Appendix F (informative) Thermal Insulation of the Bottom of Primary Storage Tank -
-- Limit States Theory... 147
Appendix G (informative) Construction and Installation of Adiabatic System of Storage
Tank... 149
Bibliography... 152
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements for the design, manufacture and installation
of site built, above-ground vertical cylindrical flat-bottomed steel primary container storage
tanks (including metal components, concrete components and thermal insulation components,
etc.), and describes the procedures and methods for the tests, drying, replacement and cooling
of the storage tanks.
This document does not apply to storage tanks whose primary container is concrete.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 150.2-2011 Pressure Vessels - Part 2.Materials
GB/T 150.3 Pressure Vessels - Part 3.Design
GB/T 193 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - General Plan
GB/T 229 Metallic Materials - Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method
GB/T 709-2019 Dimension, Shape, Weight and Tolerance for Hot-rolled Steel Strip, Plate and
Sheet
GB/T 985.1 Recommended Joint Preparation for Gas Welding, Manual Metal Arc Welding,
Gas-shield Arc Welding and Beam Welding
GB/T 1220 Stainless Steel Bars
GB/T 2518 Continuously Hot-dip Zinc-coated Steel Sheet and Strip
GB 3097 Sea Water Quality Standard
GB/T 3531 Steel Plates for Low Temperature Pressure Vessels
GB/T 5224 Steel Stand for Prestressed Concrete
GB/T 6478 Steels for Cold Heading and Cold Extruding
GB/T 9145-2003 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Limits of Sizes for the Screw
Threads of Medium Quality and Preferable Plan
3 Terms, Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviations
3.1 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.2 Symbols
The following symbols are applicable to this document.
3.3 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are applicable to this document.
4 Basic Stipulations and General Rules
4.1 Types of Storage Tank
4.1.1 Single-containment tank
There is only one self-supporting steel storage tank for the storage of cryogenic liquids, which
can consist of a single-walled or double-walled structure with the insulation layer, and with
liquid-tightness and air-tightness.
4.2 Overall Design Basis
4.2.1 General stipulations
The technical specification document of the storage tank design shall determine the following contents.
a) Scope of work, including testing, drying, replacement and cooling, etc.;
4.2.2 Performance requirements
The storage tank design shall satisfy the following requirements.
4.2.3 Allowable stress and limit states theory
For the design of steel storage tanks and adiabatic system, the allowable stress theory can be
used, and the limit states theory can also be used.
For the concrete structure design, the limit states theory shall be adopted.
The limit states design shall include.
4.2.4 Seismic design
The structural design under seismic action shall be carried out in accordance with the following
stipulations.
4.3 Protection System
4.3.1 Monitoring protection
4.3.1.1 Monitoring system
The design of liquid level, pressure, temperature monitoring and gas supply system in the
storage tank shall comply with the relevant stipulations of GB 51156-2015.
4.3.1.2 Roll-over prevention system
The following measures of preventing roll-over can be taken.
4.3.2 Safety valve and fire protection design
4.4 Actions
4.4.1 General rules
Permanent actions, variable actions and occasional actions shall be included.
4.4.2 Permanent actions
Permanent actions include self-weight and prestressed local effect of concrete, steel and thermal
insulation components, pipelines, fittings, auxiliary equipment and fixed equipment.
See GB 50010 for the method of determining the prestressed local effect.
4.5 Inspection and Maintenance
The key matters that need to be paid attention to shall be clarified, and the corresponding
inspection and maintenance procedures of storage tanks shall be compiled.
4.6 Quality Management, Environmental Management and Occupational Health
and Safety Management
5 Metal Components
5.1 General Requirements
The metal components of the cryogenic liquefied gas storage tanks shall be designed in
accordance with the type of storage tanks, the storage medium and operating conditions, etc.
5.2 Materials
5.2.1 Temperature
The following factors shall be considered when determining the design temperature of metal
components.
5.2.2 Primary container and secondary container
5.2.4 Other components
5.2.4.1 Studs
5.3 Design
5.3.1 General stipulations
5.3.2 Primary container and secondary container
5.3.3 Steel outer container
5.3.3.1 Single-containment tank, double-containment tank and full-containment tank
5.3.3.2 Membrane tank
The steel components on the roof of the membrane tank shall comply with the stipulations of 5.3.3.1.3.
5.3.4 Suspended deck
The suspended deck and its supporting structure shall be designed in accordance with the
minimum design temperature conditions.
5.3.5 Pipe connections
5.4 Manufacture
5.5 Welding Process
5.5.1 General rules
All welding, including repair welding and positioned welding, shall be subject to the welding
procedure qualification in accordance with the stipulations of NB/T 47014.On this basis, the
welding procedure specification (WPS) and welding procedure qualification report (PQR) can
be formulated.
5.6 Welding
5.6.1 Positioned welded joints and temporary welded joints
The positioned welded joints and temporary welded joints shall be completed by qualified
welders.
5.7 Inspection
5.7.1 Qualifications of non-destructive testing (NDE) personnel
The non-destructive testing personnel shall pass the examination and obtain corresponding
qualifications, which shall comply with the stipulations of TSG Z8001.
5.8 Air Pressure Lift
5.8.1 General Requirements
Before air pressure lift, safety protection facilities shall be configured.
Before construction, confirm that the following procedures are completed and qualified.
5.8.2 Air pressure lifting system
The air pressure lifting system shall include fan system, equilibrium system, sealing system and
monitoring system.
The fan system shall satisfy the air volume and pressure required for the steady rise of the steel
vault and be equipped with the function of air volume adjustment. In addition, a backup fan
shall be provided.
5.8.3 Process control
Before construction, it shall be checked that the construction preparations comply with the
requirements for the lifting.
During the lifting of the steel vault, it shall maintain an equilibrium state, and the horizontal
deviation should be controlled within 200 mm.
6 Concrete Components
6.1 Materials
6.2 Load Combinations
6.2.1 General rules
The designed load combinations shall comply with the requirements of 4.4.The partial factor
method and limit states theory shall be adopted to ensure the reliability of concrete components.
The load design value, load effect and geometric parameters shall comply with the stipulations
of GB 50010.
6.2.2 Partial factors and load combinations of various loads
The permanent load, variable load, seismic action and accidental load of the storage tank shall
comply with the stipulations of GB 51156-2015.
The horizontal and vertical seismic actions shall be simultaneously combined, and the partial
factors of other seismic actions shall comply with the stipulations of GB 51156-2015.
In addition to satisfying the requirements of 4.4, the partial load factors under the occasional
action are shown in Table 27.
6.3 Design Requirements
6.3.1 Prestress
The design of the prestressing system shall comply with the stipulations of GB 50010 and JGJ 369.
For prestressed concrete tank shell, horizontal prestress and vertical prestress shall be applied
to it, and the form of oblique prestress can also be adopted.
The maximum prestressed tension should be 75% of the yield strength of the prestressed steel
strand, and shall not exceed 80% of the yield strength of the prestressed steel strand.
6.3.2 Shell design
The seismic fortification classification of the prestressed concrete outer tank shall be Class B.
The concrete of the prestressed concrete outer tank shall adopt concrete of low-temperature
environment, and shall comply with the stipulations of GB 51081.
6.5 Lining
6.5.1 General rules
A steel lining shall be installed on the inner surface of the concrete, so as to ensure the liquid-
tightness of the concrete outer tank.
7 Thermal Insulation Components
7.1 Overview
The main functions of thermal insulation components in the cryogenic liquefied gas storage tanks include.
7.2 Design, Performance, Testing and Selection of Thermal Insulation Materials
7.2.1 General requirements
Appropriate adiabatic system and thermal insulation materials shall be selected based on the
following contents.
7.2.2 Analysis of design requirements
7.2.3 Evaluation of material performance
7.2.4.1 General requirements
The performance characteristics of thermal insulation materials shall be demonstrated through
the following aspects.
7.3 Thermal Protection - Vapor Barrier
7.3.1 General requirements
Since the adiabatic system is not a self-supporting component of the storage tank, it consists of
thermal insulation materials, thermal insulation layer and fixation system, which shall be fixed,
placed and filled between components or supported by other components (concrete and steel
structures).
7.3.2 Protective structure formed by outer tank
When the outer tank provides protection and support for the thermal insulation materials, the
air-tightness of the outer tank shall be ensured.
7.4 Design of Adiabatic System
7.4.5 Thermal insulation of tank shell (external)
7.4.5.1 Structural design
The structural design shall consider the following points.
7.5 Installation of Adiabatic system
7.5.1 General requirements
The installation of the adiabatic system of the storage tank shall comply with the following
requirements.
7.5.2 Construction of storage tank adiabatic system
The construction, installation and acceptance inspection of the cryogenic liquefied gas storage
tanks should satisfy the requirements of SY/T 7349.See Appendix G for the specific
construction and installation requirements of the storage tank adiabatic system.
7.5.3 Damage protection
The thermal insulation materials shall be protected from damage by the following factors.
8 Tests, Drying, Replacement and Cooling
8.1 Hydrostatic Test and Pneumatic Test
8.1.1 Hydrostatic test
8.1.1.1 General stipulations
The storage tanks shall be subject to a hydrostatic test. Through the hydrostatic test, the
following shall be proved.
8.1.1.3 Additional requirements
The following additional requirements shall be satisfied.
8.1.2 Pneumatic test
8.2 Drying, Replacement and Cooling
8.2.1 Procedures
Procedures for drying, replacement and cooling of the storage tanks shall be formulated. The
replacement and cooling shall be continuously performed and contingency plans shall be
included in the procedures should any stage be interrupted.
8.2.3 Replacement
Before the cryogenic liquefied gas is injected into the storage tank, inert gas shall be used to as
a replacement. Nitrogen can be adopted.
8.2.4 Cooling
The cooling of the primary container shall be controlled to prevent relatively large temperature
differences during the cooling process. The temperature of the inner tank or membrane steel
shall be monitored to keep it within the allowable range.
8.3 Shutdown
Necessary measures shall be taken to ensure that the storage tank can be safely shut down.
Operating procedures shall be formulated in accordance with the possible shutdown conditions.
In case of a shutdown of the storage tank, the shutdown procedures shall be formulated.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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