GB/T 261-2021 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 261-2021 | English | 350 |
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Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method
| Valid |
| GB/T 261-2008 | English | 919 |
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4 days
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Determination of flash point -- Pensky-Martens closed cup method [including MODIFICATION 1]
| Obsolete |
| GB/T 261-1983 | English | 239 |
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2 days
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Petroleum products--Determination of flash point--Closed cup method
| Obsolete |
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Similar standards GB/T 259 GB/T 260 GB/T 261-2021: Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT261-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 75.080
CCS E 30
Replacing GB/T 261-2008
Determination of Flash Point - Pensky-Martens Closed Cup
Method
(ISO 2719:2016, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 8
3 Terms and Definitions ... 8
4 Overview of Method ... 8
5 Reagents and Materials ... 9
6 Instrument ... 9
7 Preparation of Instrument ... 10
8 Sampling ... 11
9 Sample Processing ... 11
10 Test Steps ... 12
11 Calculations ... 15
12 Expression of Results ... 16
13 Precision ... 16
14 Test Report ... 17
Appendix A (Informative) Comparison Table of Structural Differences between This
Document and ISO 2719:2016 ... 19
Appendix B (Informative) Instrument Calibration ... 20
Appendix C (Normative) Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Flash Point Tester... 24
Appendix D (Normative) Technical Requirements for Temperature Measuring
Equipment ... 30
Bibliography ... 32
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This Document replaced GB/T 261-2008 Determination of Flash Point - Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Method. Compared with GB/T 261-2008, the major technical changes of this
Document are as follows besides the structural adjustments and editorial modifications:
a) Change the scope from "applicable to samples with a flash point higher than 40°C" to
"applicable to samples with a flash point within the range of 40°C to 370°C" (see Clause
1 of this Edition; Clause 1 of the 2008 Edition);
b) Add Step A to the scope to indicate that it is applicable to biodiesel blended fuel samples
(see Clause 1 of this Edition);
c) Add Step C to apply to BD100 biodiesel samples, including the scope, sampling, test
conditions, test steps and precision, etc. (see Clauses 1, 8, 10 and 13 of this Edition);
d) Change and add the relevant contents of some instruments; including the requirements
for the built-in pressure gauge, barometer, temperature measuring device, explosion-
proof oven, and instrument installation location of automatic instruments (see Clause 6
of this Edition; Clause 6 of the 2008 Edition);
e) Refine and supplement the sampling and sample handling contents (see Clause 8 of this
Edition; Clause 8 of the 2008 Edition);
f) Expand the atmospheric pressure range for accurate correction of flash point in the flash
point correction formula (see Clause 11 of this Edition; Clause 11 of the 2008 Edition);
g) Add The tolerance values of calibration standard substances to Table B.1 of Appendix B
(see Appendix B of this Edition);
h) In order to cooperate with the use of automatic temperature measuring devices, delete
Appendix D Thermometer Adapter in GB/T 261-2008; and add relevant content of
electronic temperature measuring equipment (see D.1 in Appendix D of this Edition).
This Document used redrafting method to modify and adopt ISO 2719:2016 Determination of
Flash Point – Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Method.
Compared with ISO 2719:2016, this Document made partial adjustment in structure; Appendix
A list the comparison table of clauses between this Document and ISO 2719:2016.
The major technical differences and causes between this Document and ISO 2719:2016 are as
follows:
Determination of Flash Point - Pensky-Martens Closed Cup
Method
Warning: People who use this Document shall have practical working experience in
regular laboratory. The use of this Document may involve certain dangerous materials,
equipment, and operations. This Document does not point out all possible safety issues.
Users are responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures and ensuring
that the conditions stipulated by relevant national laws and regulations are met.
1 Scope
This Document specifies the method for determining the flash point of flammable liquids,
liquids with suspended particles, liquids that tend to form films on the surface under test
conditions, and other liquids using a Pensky-Martens closed cup flash point tester.
NOTE 1: Although this Document can be used for kerosene with a flash point above 40°C, the flash point
of kerosene is generally determined in accordance with GB/T 21789. The flash point of unused
lubricating oils is usually determined in accordance with GB/T 3536.
NOTE 2: This Document can be used for jet fuels with a flash point below 40°C, but the precision has
not been verified.
Warning: Since some mixtures do not obtain the flash point defined in this Document, but
obtain a significantly increased flash (not the effect of halo) and a change in the flash from
blue to yellow-brown, continued heating can cause the vapor around the test cup to burn.
This Document is applicable to samples with a flash point range of 40°C ~ 370°C. This
Document includes three test steps: Step-A, Step-B and Step-C. Step-A is applicable to distillate
fuels (including diesel, biodiesel blends, heating oil and turbine fuel), unused lubricating oils,
paints and varnishes and other homogeneous liquids not included in Step-B and Step-C. Step-
B is applicable to residual fuel oil, diluted asphalt, used lubricating oil, liquids with suspended
particles, liquids that tend to form films on the surface under the test conditions or liquids whose
viscosity is not suitable for heating under the stirring speed and heating conditions specified in
Step-A. Step-C is applicable to the determination of BD100 biodiesel samples. This Document
does not apply to water-based paints and water-based varnishes.
NOTE 3: When monitoring the lubricating oil system, in order to compare the flash points of unused
lubricating oil and used lubricating oil, Step-A can also be used to determine the flash point of used
lubricating oil, but this precision is only applicable to Step-B.
C.3.3 Ignitor
The diameter of the tip opening of the ignition tube flame jet device is about 0.7mm~0.8mm
(see Figure C.4). The tip is stainless steel, or other suitable metal material. The ignitor is
equipped with a mechanical operator. When the slide plate is in the "open" position, the tip is
lowered so that the center of the flame nozzle opening hole is located between the upper and
lower surface planes of the test cup cover and passes through a point on the center radius of the
maximum opening A (see Figure C.3).
The bead at the tip is made of suitable material, about 4mm, which is equivalent to the flame
size, and is assembled in a prominent position on the test cup cover.
C.3.4 Automatic ignition device
For automatic ignition of the flame, the diameter of the ignitor tip opening is about
0.7mm~0.8mm.
C.3.5 Stirring device
It is mounted in the center of the test cup cover (as shown in Figure C.4), with two double-
bladed metal paddles. The lower paddle surface is about 38mm away from the test cup cover;
the two blades are 8mm wide and inclined at 45°. The upper paddle surface is about 19 mm
from the test cup cover; the two blades are 8 mm wide and inclined at 45°. The two sets of
paddles are fixed on the rotating shaft of the stirrer. When viewed from the bottom of the stirrer,
the two blades of one set of paddles are at 0° and 180°; and the two blades of the other set of
paddles are at 90° and 270°.
The rotating shaft of the stirrer can be connected to the motor by a transmission flexible shaft
or a suitable pulley block structure.
C.4 Heating chamber and bath jacket
The test cup shall be provided with heat by designing a suitable heating chamber; the effect of
the heating chamber is equivalent to an air bath. The heating chamber shall consist of an air
bath and a bath jacket that can hold the test cup.
The air bath has a cylindrical inner side and meets the requirements shown in Figure C.1. The
air bath can be flame-heated, electrically heated metal casting or resistance element heated. The
air bath shall ensure that it does not deform at the specified temperature of the test.
If the air bath is flame-heated or electrically heated metal casting, in actual use, the temperature
of its bottom and side walls shall be consistent; and the thickness of the air bath shall be no less
than 6 mm. If the air bath is flame heated, the casting shall be designed so that the combustion
products of the flame cannot move up the walls of the test cup or into the test cup.
If the heater is resistive, it shall be constructed so that all parts of the surface are heated evenly.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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