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Antimicrobial and cleaning function of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 5: Particular requirements for electric washing machine
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GB/T 21551.5-2024: Antimicrobial and cleaning function of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 5: Particular requirements for electric washing machine
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT21551.5-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.060
CCS Y 62
Replacing GB 21551.5-2010
Antimicrobial and Cleaning Function of Household and
Similar Electrical Appliances - Part 5.Particular
Requirements for Electric Washing Machine
Issued on: DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on: JANUARY 1, 2027
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 8
4 Technical Requirements... 8
5 Test Methods... 10
6 Marking and Instructions for Use... 12
Appendix A (normative) Test Method for Microbial Reduction... 14
Appendix B (informative) Test Method for Microbial Reduction (reference appliance
as control)... 21
Appendix C (normative) Test Method for Virus Reduction... 23
Bibliography... 28
Antimicrobial and Cleaning Function of Household and
Similar Electrical Appliances - Part 5.Particular
Requirements for Electric Washing Machine
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions of household and similar electric washing
machines with the antimicrobial, microbial reduction and cleaning functions, specifies the
hygiene and safety, and functional requirements, as well as the marking requirements, and
describes the corresponding test methods.
This document applies to the production, inspection and sales of household and similar washing
machines (hereinafter referred to as “washing machines”) that are explicitly stated to have one
or more functions of antimicrobia, preventing mildew, microbial reduction, dust mite reduction,
allergen reduction, virus reduction and deodorization on the appliance or instructions for use.
This document does not apply to.
---Production, inspection and sales of ordinary semi-automatic washing machines;
---Inspection of the drying function of washing and drying machines.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 4288-2018 Household and Similar Electrical Washing Machine
GB 4789.2 National Food Safety Standard - Microbiological Examination of Food. Aerobic
Plate Count
GB 4789.15 National Food Safety Standard - Food Microbiological Examination. Enumeration
of Molds and Yeasts
GB/T 5296.2 Instructions for Use of Products of Consumer Interest - Part 2.Household and
Similar Electrical Appliances
GB 5749 Standards for Drinking Water Quality
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
The final test result of harmful substances of washing machines shall be the test value minus
the background concentration value in the laboratory environment. The measurement of ozone
leakage and UV leakage is generally carried out in a closed test environment, and the
background concentration of the test environment shall comply with the requirements of GB/T
18883-2022.In addition, the test shall start after the washing machine starts running. During
the test, add the load in accordance with the requirements of Appendix A, and no bacteria-
contaminated test sample blocks are added. If the washing machine has multiple operating
states, the most unfavorable state shall be selected for testing.
5.2.2 Ozone leakage
At 5 cm away from the crack of the washing machine door / cover (center position of the edge
and the geometric center position), set up a total of 4 sampling points on the left, right, top and
front. For wall-mounted washing machines, a sampling point shall be added at the bottom. In
accordance with the ultraviolet photometry method in Appendix A of GB/T 18883-2022,
measure the ozone concentration, and take the maximum value as the test value.
5.2.3 UV leakage
Place the washing machine in a dark room (set up a black radiation barrier to minimize
reflection and stray light). At 30 cm away from the crack of the washing machine door / cover
(center position of the edge and the geometric center position) and other possible UV leakage
points, set up a total of 4 sampling points on the left, right, top and front. For wall-mounted
washing machines, a sampling point shall be added at the bottom. Use a UV radiation meter to
measure the UV intensity. Measure the UV with a main wavelength of 253.7 nm and take the
maximum value as the test value. If the manufacturer explicitly states that the main wavelength
of ultraviolet light is another value, then, additional tests shall be carried out for that wavelength.
5.2.4 Silver content
After each washing and rinsing process of the washing machine, take samples from the drainage
process of the test prototype (discard the first L), and in accordance with the relevant method
of GB 5749, determine the silver content. Take the maximum value as the test value.
NOTE. do not take samples during the dehydration process of the test prototype.
5.3 Test Methods for Antimicrobia, Microbial Reduction and Cleaning
5.3.1 Test methods for materials and components and parts
For materials with the antimicrobial and preventing mildew functions used for washing
machines, or components and parts containing materials with the above-mentioned functions,
the antimicrobial rate and preventing mildew level shall be tested in accordance with the
methods specified in GB/T 21551.2.
5.3.2 Test methods for the whole machine
5.3.2.1 Test method for the microbial reduction function
When using the washing machine’s own program as the control group, in accordance with the
method specified in Appendix A, carry out the test.
When a drum-type reference washing machine is used as the control group, the test method is
shown in Appendix B.
5.3.2.2 Test method for the dust mite reduction function
In accordance with the method specified in QB/T 5958-2023, carry out the test.
5.3.2.3 Test method for the allergen reduction function
In accordance with the method specified in QB/T 5958-2023, carry out the test.
5.3.2.4 Test method for the virus reduction function
In accordance with the method specified in Appendix C, carry out the test.
5.3.2.5 Test method for deodorization
In accordance with the method specified in QB/T 5958-2023, carry out the test.
6 Marking and Instructions for Use
6.1 Marking Principles
The marking and instructions for use of washing machine products that are explicitly stated to
have the antimicrobial, preventing mildew, microbial reduction, dust mite reduction, allergen
reduction, virus reduction and deodorization functions shall comply with the requirements of
relevant national laws, regulations and mandatory standards.
6.2 Basic Requirements for Marking
For washing machine products that are explicitly stated to have the antimicrobial, preventing
mildew, microbial reduction, dust mite reduction, allergen reduction, virus reduction and
deodorization functions, their instructions for use shall comply with the relevant requirements
of GB/T 5296.2.
6.3 Marking Content
For washing machine products that are explicitly stated to have one or more of the antimicrobial,
preventing mildew, microbial reduction, dust mite reduction, allergen reduction, virus reduction
and deodorization functions, when they comply with the requirements of 4.2.1, and 4.2.2.1 ~
4.2.2.5, and the functions are marked, the following contents shall be included in the textual
description of one of the three. the appliance body, the packaging box or the instructions for
use.
Appendix A
(normative)
Test Method for Microbial Reduction
A.1 Test Bacterial Species and Instruments
A.1.1 Test bacterial species
A.1.1.1 Categories of test bacterial species
Bacterial species.
---Escherichia coli (CGMCC 1.90, CICC 10389);
---Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (CGMCC 1.89, which is equivalent to ATCC
6538P, CICC 10307).
Fungal species. Candida albicans (CGMCC 2.2086, which is equivalent to ATCC 10231, CICC
1943).
If necessary, other bacterial species may also be added and other fungal species may be selected
as test bacterial species.
All bacterial species or strains shall be provided by corresponding national bacterial species
preservation and management institutions, and the names of the test bacterial species and strain
numbers shall be clearly stated in the report.
Laboratories shall use test microorganisms in accordance with relevant national safety
regulations. If other test pathogens are selected, the laboratories shall have a biosafety
protection level that is compatible with the hazards and shall not involve the first and second
categories of pathogenic microorganisms in the Catalogue of Pathogenic Microorganisms
Transmissible to Humans.
The various culture medium components used to culture bacterial species shall comply with the
requirements of the bacterial species preservation and management institutions.
A.1.1.2 Culture conditions
Except for special requirements for the culture of test bacterial species, the general culture
conditions of bacteria in the test bacterial species shall comply with the relevant requirements
of GB/T 21551.2.The culture medium for Candida albicans shall be Sabouraud’s agar, the
culture temperature shall be (28 1) C, and the culture time shall be (48 1) h.
The culture conditions in this document are based on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
subsp. aureus and Candida albicans as examples. If other test bacterial species are selected,
Use an inoculation loop to scrape an appropriate amount of fresh fungal culture from the fresh
culture, add it to 0.85% (mass fraction) sterile physiological saline, dilute the bacterial solution
to a concentration of 1.0 108 CFU/mL ~ 9.0 108 CFU/mL, and in accordance with the
method specified in GB 4789.15, determine the colony count of the bacterial solution.
A.1.2 Instruments
The test instruments and related parameters shall comply with the following requirements.
---Biochemical incubator. (37 1) C, (28 1) C;
---Refrigerator. 2 C ~ 5 C;
---Class II biological safety cabinet;
---High pressure steam sterilizer;
---Common laboratory equipment, such as. petri dish, pipette, vortex mixer and
inoculation loop, etc.
All utensils and materials involved in the test operations in this Appendix shall be sterilized
before use.
A.2 Test Conditions
A.2.1 Environmental requirements
There shall be a separate ultraviolet sterilization system in the test room. The ultraviolet lamp
equipped in the system shall be no less than 30 W. The ultraviolet intensity at 1.0 m under the
lamp shall be no less than 70 W/cm2.The specifications of the ultraviolet lamp shall match
the internal space of the test room and shall be no less than 1.5 W/m3.During the test, keep the
room door closed. After the test, the entire test room shall be sterilized with ultraviolet light.
The sterilization operation time shall be no less than 30 minutes, and after the sterilization
operation is completed, air exhaust shall be carried out for 20 minutes.
The laboratory exhaust system shall also be equipped with ultraviolet lamps.
The wastewater generated during the test process shall be collected and sterilized before
discharge.
A.2.2 Test loads
Use bleached medium plain cloth that complies with the provisions of GB/T 4288-2018, and
after desizing pre-treatment, prepare it into test loads of 330 mm 330 mm square towels (the
folding edge of the square towel test loads is 7 mm).
When the test loads of three 330 mm 330 mm square towels exceed the test load mass, the
test loads of 100 mm 100 mm square towels can be used (the folding edge of the square towel
test loads is 7 mm).
The test load mass shall be explicitly stated in the instructions for use of the appliance or by the
manufacturer. If there is no relevant statement, then, 30% of the rated capacity of the appliance
to be tested shall be used and recorded in the test report.
The test loads shall comply with the bleached medium plain cloth specified in GB/T 4288-2018.
After adjustment, by increasing or decreasing the number of test loads, the final test load mass
shall be made as close as possible to the required mass 10 g.
A.2.3 Test sample blocks
Use bleached medium plain cloth that complies with the provisions of GB/T 4288-2018, and
after desizing pre-treatment, cut it into test sample blocks of 100 mm 100 mm (without folded
edges).
Each test sample block shall be used only once, and after use, it shall be sterilized with high
pressure steam at 121 C for 30 min.
A.2.4 Preparation of test loads and test sample blocks
Before the test, all test loads and test sample blocks shall be sterilized at 121 C in a high
pressure steam sterilizer for 20 min, dried and cooled to room temperature for later use.
A.3 Test Steps
A.3.1 Pre-treatment of appliance
Before the first test, in accordance with the instructions for use of the appliance, the appliance
shall continuously run for 2 cycles of microbial reduction program in the no-load state
A.3.2 Preparation of bacteria-contaminated test sample blocks
Use a pipette to respectively and evenly drip 1 mL of bacterial solution on each test sample
block to prepare bacteria-contaminated test sample blocks.
Through visual observation, after the surface of the test sample blocks becomes slightly dry,
take a bacteria-contaminated test sample block and put it into a sterile bag. Add 10 mL of 0.85%
(mass fraction) sterile physiological saline and thoroughly immerse it for 10 min. Use a
homogenizer to elute at a frequency of 8 times/s ~ 10 times/s for 5 min. Dilute the eluent and
select 1 mL of the solution with an appropriate degree of dilution to inoculate it into a sterile
plate and pour it into the corresponding culture medium. After culturing in accordance with the
requirements of A.1.1.2, in accordance with the method of colony counting in GB 4789.2 or
GB 4789.15, count the colonies. The viable count shall not be lower than 1.0 106 CFU/block.
Different bacterial species shall be separately tested.
A.3.3 Test group
for use of the appliance or by the manufacturer, without adding detergents, disinfectants or other
additives. If no relevant statement is made, then, the test is carried out using the “cotton and
linen” program or “routine (standard)” program with the microbial reduction function.
Within 5 minutes after the microbial reduction program is completed, take out the test load with
the nailed bacteria-contaminated test sample blocks from the washing drum (barrel), remove
the bacteria-contaminated test sample blocks that have been tested from the load and put them
into a sterile bag, add 10 mL of 0.85% (mass fraction) sterile physiological saline for thorough
immersion, use a homogenizer to elute at a frequency of 8 times/s ~ 10 times/s for 5 minutes.
Dilute the eluent in gradients, select 1 mL of the solution with an appropriate degree of dilution
and pour it into the corresponding culture medium. In accordance with the requirements of
A.1.1.2, culture it, and then, in accordance with the counting method in GB 4789.2 or GB
4789.15, determine the number of colonies.
After the test, the test loads shall be sterilized at 121 C in a high pressure steam sterilizer for
30 min.
A.3.4 Positive control group
The positive control group is tested using the “cotton and linen” program or “routine (standard)”
program. The test load mass is the same as that of the test group. During the test, measure water
consumption. The measurement shall start when the program is started (excluding any delay set
by the user) and end when the program is completed. After the measurement is completed, in
accordance with the test load mass that shall be used in the test, calculate the water consumption
per unit test load mass. Specifically speaking, for drum-type washing machines, it shall not be
less than 13 L/kg, and for pulsator washing machines, it shall not be less than 30 L/kg.
The positive control group shall be prepared, loaded and recovered in accordance with the
requirements of A.3.3, and carried out at the same time as the test group.
The microbial reduction program is “air washing” or others that only use air or steam, etc.,
without using flowing liquid to clean and care for clothes. After the bacteria-contaminated test
sample blocks are dripped for 15 minutes, the residual viable bacteria on the three bacteria-
contaminated test sample blocks are eluted and recovered, and counted in accordance with
A.3.3.5, which is the positive control group. The number of colonies recovered in the positive
control group shall not be lower than 1.0 103 CFU/block, otherwise, the test is invalid.
A.4 Data Calculation
In accordance with Formula (A.1), calculate the microbial reduction rate.
Where,
Appendix C
(normative)
Test Method for Virus Reduction
C.1 Test Virus Strains and Instruments
C.1.1 General requirements
The viruses used in the tests shall comply with the latest requirements of the World Health
Organization (WHO) and Chinese competent authorities on hygiene and health regarding the
management and use of pathogens.
C.1.2 Selection of test virus strains
Virus strains used in the tests.
Bacteriophage. Phi X174 (ATCC13706-B1, NBRC103405)
Host bacteria. Escherichia coli (ATCC13706, CICC 25123, NBRC13898)
If necessary, other virus strains may also be used as test virus strains.
All viruses shall be provided by the corresponding preservation institutions, and the names and
virus strain numbers shall be clearly stated in the report.
If other types of virus strains are selected, the laboratories shall have a biosafety protection level
that is compatible with the hazards.
It is not appropriate to use viruses that require to be operated in BSL-2 or higher level
laboratories as specified in the Catalogue of Pathogenic Microorganisms Transmissible to
Humans for testing.
C.1.3 Instruments
The test instruments and related parameters shall comply with the following requirements.
---Centrifuge, 500 r/min ~ 10,000 r/min, with an accuracy of 1%.
---Biochemical incubator. (37 1) C.
---Oscillating incubator. 50 r/min ~ 150 r/min, (37 1) C.
---Class II biological safety cabinet.
---Refrigerator. 2 C ~ 10 C.
C.2.4 Preparation of test loads and test sample blocks
Consistent with the requirements in A.2.4.
C.3 Preparation of Bacteriophage Viruses
The preparation of bacteriophage suspension is carried out in accordance with the following
steps.
a) Inoculate the host bacteria Escherichia coli on a NA plate, at (37 1) C, culture it
for (24 1) h, take a single colony and inoculate it in NB, at (37 1) C and 100
r/min, oscillate it for (5 1) h;
b) Pour 15 mL ~ 20 mL of nutrient agar into a culture dish, and after it solidifies, prepare
a NA plate;
c) Mix 5 mL of Escherichia coli suspension with a concentration of 1.0 108 CFU/mL
~ 9.0 108 CFU/mL and 5 mL of bacteriophage suspension with a concentration of
1.0 105 PFU/mL ~ 9.0 105 PFU/mL (in accordance with the ratio of Escherichia
coli. bacteriophage = 1,000. 1), and at (37 1) C, let it stand for 10 min ~ 20 min;
d) Add 10 mL of NSA to the mixed solution in Step c), mix it well, then, pour it onto the
NA plate prepared in Step b), and at (37 1) C, culture it in an upright position for
(24 1) h;
e) Transfer the supernatant liquid in Step d) to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, at 10,000 r/min,
centrifuge for 10 min, transfer the supernatant to another 50 mL centrifuge tube, and
under the same conditions, repeat the centrifugation twice;
f) Use a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.22 m to filter the supernatant to obtain
the bacteriophage stock solution for the test. Adjust the concentration of the stock
solution to 1.0 109 PFU/mL ~ 9.0 109 PFU/mL.
The bacteriophage suspension for testing shall be used on the day of the test.
C.4 Test Steps
C.4.1 Preparation of appliance
Before the first test, in accordance with the requirements in the instructions for use of the
appliance, the appliance shall run the virus reduction program for two consecutive cycles in a
no-load state.
C.4.2 Preparation of virus test sample blocks
Place the sterilized test sample blocks in a sterile culture dish and use a transfer pipette to
respectively and evenly drip 1 mL of bacteriophage suspension on the test sample blocks. After
dripping, leave it for no more than 15 minutes, and observe with the naked eye that the surface
of the sample blocks is slightly dry. Thus, the virus test sample blocks are prepared.
C.4.3 Test of virus reduction
Within 15 minutes after the test sample blocks are dripped, respectively nail the virus test
sample blocks to the test loads and load them into the appliance to be tested. The nailing and
loading methods shall comply with the requirements of A.3.3.
Start the virus reduction test program specified in the instructions for use of the appliance or by
the manufacturer, without adding detergents, disinfectants or other additives. If no relevant
statement is made, then, the test is carried out using a standard program with the virus reduction
function.
Within 5 minutes after the virus reduction program is completed, take out the test loads nailed
with the bacteria-contaminated test sample blocks from the washing drum (barrel) and proceed
as follows.
a) Thoroughly immerse the virus-contaminated test sample blocks after the test in 10
mL of sterile PBS as required in C.1.4.1 for 10 min, and use a homogenizer to elute
at a frequency of 8 times/s ~ 10 times/s for 5 min to recover the bacteriophages on the
sample blocks;
b) Use the recovered bacteriophage suspension as the reagent stock solution and use
sterile PBS to perform 10-fold dilutions;
c) Take 0.5 mL of the bacteriophage suspension diluted to an appropriate gradient and
mix it with 100 L of Escherichia coli solution (with a concentration of 1.0 108
CFU/mL ~ 9.0 108 CFU/mL), and at (37 1) C, let it stand for 10 min ~ 20 min;
d) Mix the bacterial suspension after standing with nutrient semisolid agar (NSA), pour
it onto the surface of solid agar (NA) plate, and at (37 1) C, culture it in an upright
position for (24 1) h;
e) After the culture is completed, count the number of bacteriophage plaques and
calculate the bacteriophage titer of the test group.
Before storage, the test loads shall be sterilized in a high pressure steam sterilizer and dried.
C.4.4 Positive control group
15 minutes after dripping, take 3 virus test sample blocks, thoroughly immerse them in 10 mL
of sterile PBS for 10 minutes, and use a homogenizer to elute at a frequency of 8 times/s ~ 10
times/s for 5 minutes to recover the bacteriophages on the sample blocks.
In accordance with the method in C.4.3, count the recovery. The effective recovery
concentration shall not be lower than 1.0 103 PFU/block.
C.5 Data Calculation
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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