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GB/T 18831-2017: Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices associated with guards -- Principles for design and selection
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 18831-2017 (GB/T18831-2017) | | Description (Translated English) | Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices associated with guards -- Principles for design and selection | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J09 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.110 | | Word Count Estimation | 62,618 | | Date of Issue | 2017-12-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-07-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | GB/T 18831-2017: Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices associated with guards -- Principles for design and selection
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Safety of machinery -- Interlocking devices associated with guards -- Principles for design and selection
ICS 13.110
J09
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 18831-2010
Interlocks related to safety of machinery and guards
Design and selection principles
(ISO 14119.2013, IDT)
Published on.2017-12-29
2018-07-01 Implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Released by the Standardization Administration of China
directory
Preface III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Working principle and typical form of interlocking device related to guards 6
4.1 Overview 6
4.2 Principle of guard interlocking without guard locking 7
4.3 Principle of guard interlocking with guard locking 8
5 Design and installation requirements for interlocks with or without guard locking 10
5.1 General requirements 10
5.2 Arrangement and fastening of position switch 10
5.3 Arrangement and fastening of actuators 10
5.4 Driving modes of the interlocking device 11
5.5 Interface to the control system 11
5.6 Mechanical shutdown 11
5.7 Additional requirements for guard locking devices 11
6 Selection of interlocking device 15
6.1 General requirements 15
6.2 Choice of guard locking device 16
6.3 Consideration of environmental conditions 17
7 Minimize the likelihood of obsolescence of interlocks by design18
7.1 General requirements 18
7.2 Additional measures to minimise the likelihood of obsolescence of interlocks 19
8 Control Requirements 22
8.1 General requirements 22
8.2 Failure assessment 22
8.3 Preventing common cause failures 23
8.4 Unlocking the guard locking device 24
8.5 Troubleshooting 25
8.6 Logical series connection of interlocks 25
8.7 Electrical and Environmental Conditions 25
9 Usage Information 26
9.1 General requirements 26
9.2 Use information provided by the interlock manufacturer 26
9.3 Use information provided by the machine manufacturer 27
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Type 1 Interlocking Device --- Example 28
Appendix B (Informative Appendix) Type 2 Interlocking Device --- Example 33
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) Type 3 Interlocking Device --- Example 37
Appendix D (Informative Appendix) Type 4 Interlocking Device --- Example 38
Appendix E (informative) Examples of other interlocking devices 40
Appendix F (informative) Examples of protective locking devices 41
Appendix G (informative) Application example of safety function using interlock device 46
Appendix H (Informative) Incentives for Discontinuing Interlocks 51
Appendix I (Informative Appendix) Maximum Static Force 54
Reference 56
Interlocks related to safety of machinery and guards
Design and selection principles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the principles for the design and selection of interlocking devices associated with guards, regardless of the type of energy used.
This standard applies to the parts of the protective device that actuate the interlock.
Note. The general requirements for the design and manufacture of protective devices specified in ISO 14120 are mainly used to prevent mechanical hazards. On the interlocking device issued to stop the machine
For the processing of signals that remain stationary, see GB/T 16855.1 or IEC 62061.
This standard does not prescribe all specific requirements for trapped key systems.
This standard gives measures to prevent, as far as possible, the obsolescence of interlocks in a reasonably foreseeable manner.
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15706, GB/T 16855.1 and the following apply to this document.
3.1
Interlockingdevice
Interlock Interlock
A mechanical, electrical or other type of mechanical, electrical or other type used to prevent dangerous machine functions from operating under specified conditions (usually this means as long as the guard is not closed).
type device.
NOTE. See Figure 1 and Table 1.
4.3.3 Interlock with electromagnetic guard locking
The guard is kept closed (locked) by electromagnetic force and not by any mechanical locking means (see F.4).
The electromagnetic guard locking works on the principle of locking by power-on and unlocking by power-off [see Figure 5d)].
5 Design and installation requirements for interlocks with or without guard locking
5.1 General requirements
The installation of the interlocking device should make it firm and reliable, and meet the requirements of the instructions provided by the manufacturer (see Chapter 9).
5.2 Arrangement and fastening of position switch
The position switch shall be arranged so that it is adequately protected against changes in its position. To achieve this goal, the following requirements should be met.
a) The fasteners of the position switch should be reliable and can only be loosened by tools.
b) Type 1 position switches shall be provided with means of permanent fixation in their position (eg by nails or pins) after adjustment.
c) In order to ensure the correct operation of the position switch, the necessary facilities for maintenance and inspection of the position switch should be provided. Design close
When installing the facility, consideration should also be given to preventing the position switch from being abandoned in a reasonably foreseeable manner.
d) The position switch should be prevented from loosening automatically.
e) The position switch shall be prevented from being abandoned in a reasonably foreseeable manner (see clause 7).
f) The positioning of the position switch should avoid damage caused by foreseeable external causes, and should be protected if necessary.
g) The movement generated by the mechanical actuation or the clearance of the actuator system of the proximity device shall be maintained at the position switch or actuator specified by the switch manufacturer.
within the operating range of the system to ensure proper operation and/or prevent overtravel.
h) Position switches shall not be used for mechanical shutdown unless the manufacturer declares that they have this intended use.
i) The gap created by the dislocation of the guard shall not be so large as to affect the protective effect of the guard before the position switch changes its state (for
For entering hazardous areas, see ISO 13855 and ISO 13857).
j) The support and fastening of the position switch shall have sufficient rigidity to maintain the correct operation of the position switch.
5.3 Arrangement and fastening of actuators
5.3.1 General requirements
The actuator (see Figure 2) should be securely fastened to prevent, as far as possible, from loosening or changing its position relative to the actuating system during its lifetime.
Note. It is necessary to carry out periodic inspection (see 9.3.2).
The following requirements should be met.
a) The fasteners of the actuator should be reliable and can only be loosened by tools;
b) The actuator should be prevented from loosening;
c) The positioning of the position switch should avoid damage caused by foreseeable external causes, and should be protected when necessary;
d) the actuator shall not be used for mechanical shutdown unless the manufacturer declares that it has such an intended purpose;
e) The support and fastening of the actuator shall have sufficient rigidity to maintain the correct operation of the actuator.
5.3.2 Cam
Rotary or linear cams for Type 1 interlocks shall meet the following requirements.
a) fixed by fasteners and can only be released by tools;
b) Final fixation is achieved by profile (eg splines or pins) or by other methods that provide the same degree of fixation;
c) Do not damage the position switch or impair the durability of the position switch.
Locking components (e.g. bolts) intended for locking guards shall be
spring-locked - unlocked by power on" [see Figure 5a)] or "locked by power on - unlocked by power on" [see Figure 5c)]
model. If other modes of operation are used in special applications [Fig. 5b)], the same level of safety shall be provided.
NOTE. When the locking assembly is unlocked due to loss of energy, the stop time of the machine is usually greatly prolonged, which may cause the stop motion (or other hazard to be eliminated)
before entering the danger zone.
When the protective locking function is used for personnel protection, the requirements specified in 5.7 shall be met. When the guard lock function is used only for the guard process,
Then the requirements specified in 5.7 do not apply. However, if the guard locking function and guard interlock function are part of the same device, the guard interlock function is
The security level of the locking function shall not be impaired by a guard locking function which is not safety related (ie the guard locking function is only used for the protection process).
The requirements specified in 5.7 apply both to guard locking devices consisting of separate elements and to interlocking devices with guard locking
Component of the protective locking device. The requirements specified in 5.7 apply to all technologies.
An output system compatible with a control system designed in accordance with GB/T 16855.1 or IEC 62061 should be provided for monitoring protective locking devices
locked position.
The guard locking device shall allow the dangerous function of the machine to operate only when the guard is closed and locked.
5.7.2 Mechanical guard locking device
5.7.2.1 General requirements
The mechanical guard locking shall be completed by the cooperation of two rigid parts [shaped closure, see Figure 5a) ~ Figure 5c)].
If it is foreseeable that access will be necessary in an emergency, for "lock by spring - unlock by power on" or "by power
Switch-on locking-unlocking by power-on"system [see Figure 5a) and c)], a guard locking device with emergency unlocking shall be provided (see 5.7.5.3).
Figure 6 illustrates the functionality of such a device.
5.7.2.2 Lock monitoring
The locking position of the locking assembly shall be monitored in accordance with the requirements of 5.5.
Hazardous functions of the machine are only possible if the guard is in the closed position and the locking assembly is in the locked position.
Appendix F).
To effectively monitor the guard locking device, one of the following methods should be used.
--- Only when the movable guard is in the closed position, the locking assembly can enter the locking position (see Figure 6), in this case, the guard
The closed and locked position of the device can be checked by monitoring the locking assembly;
--- For other cases, the monitoring of the locking assembly and the monitoring of the position of the guard should be interlocked.
a) Measures to protect the locking itself, such as.
1) Reset is only possible after interrupting the dangerous machine function for at least 10 minutes;
2) Make the guard locking produce a failure that needs to be replaced or repaired;
or
b) measures consuming the same time as the machine control system, e.g. in the following sequence.
1) Warning messages on the machine;
2) Periodic shutdown;
3) Turn off production mode;
4) Test the protection locking function;
5) Turn on production mode;
6) Restart the next machine cycle (after a fixed time period, at least 10min).
5.7.4 Retention force
The manufacturer of the guard locking device shall ensure that the guard locking device in the locked position can withstand at least the specified holding force F. manufacturer
A holding force less than or equal to the holding force FZh shall be specified, which can be determined by the following tests.
test
The guard locking device is fastened to the base specified by the manufacturer. Then load to the point where the guard locking function fails, at this time at the maximum working
The angled locking device moves at a constant speed in the direction of "opening the guard". During the loading process, the maximum force F1max is
measured during the process. Tests shall be performed on new, unused specimens.
Evaluation
Based on the maximum force F1max measured during the test and considering the safety factor S, the holding force FZh is determined by formula (1).
5.7.5 Auxiliary unlocking of guard locking
5.7.5.1 General requirements
According to the actual application, it may be necessary to adopt the method of auxiliary unlocking (see 6.3.5.3 in GB/T 15706-2012). Auxiliary unlocker
See 6.2.3 for the choice of method. The escape unlocking and emergency unlocking of the protective lock shall at least meet the requirements of Class B in GB/T 16855.1.
Note. When using one of the above unlocking methods, in the process of risk assessment, it should be considered that longer downtimes are more effective than regular downtimes.
5.7.5.2 Escape unlocking of guard locking
When the protective locking device is equipped with escape unlocking, the following requirements shall be met.
---No matter what the working state, it should be easy to take the initiative to protect from the inside of the safety protection area without using auxiliary facilities.
lock to unlock;
--- The unlocking facility should be manually operated and act directly on the locking mechanism;
--- When unlocking, a shutdown command should be generated;
---The unlocking facility for escape unlocking should only be approached from inside the protected area.
5.7.5.3 Emergency unlocking of guard locking
When the protective locking device is equipped with emergency unlocking, the following requirements shall be met.
--- Regardless of the working state, it should be easy to actively protect the protection from the outside of the safety protection area without using auxiliary facilities.
lock to unlock;
--- The unlocking facility should be manually operated and act directly on the locking mechanism;
--- When unlocking, a shutdown command should be generated;
--- After unlocking, the locking facility should be kept in the unlocked state;
--- It should be clearly marked that the emergency unlocking of the protective lock can only be used in an emergency state, and its installation position can prevent the lock
be accidentally opened and/or protected against accidental opening of the lock;
---Should only be able to reset the emergency unlocking by tools or other methods (such as replacing components). This can be satisfied at the level of the control system
Require. If these requirements are intended to be met at the level of the safety control system (not in the guard locking device), the guard shall be
The instructions for use of the locking device [see 9.2.2m)] give clear instructions on the need to meet these requirements.
Note. If the emergency unlocking meets the conditions for escape unlocking, it can become an escape unlocking when the emergency unlocking is installed in the safety protection area.
5.7.5.4 Auxiliary unlocking of guard locking
When the guard locking device is equipped with auxiliary unlocking, the following requirements shall be met.
--- Regardless of the working state, the guard lock can only be actively unlocked from outside the safety guard area by tools or keys.
Since the auxiliary unlocking is only used in special cases, for example, the operating mode belongs to the lock unlocked by the power-on, in the event of loss of energy and
When the guard locking does not have an emergency unlocking function, the auxiliary unlocking should therefore be protected (e.g. by a seal, protective casing) against
Unexpected operation. The instructions for use shall state that it is necessary to return to the protected state before normal operation can be resumed.
--- A stop command should be generated at the same time as auxiliary unlocking.
--- The auxiliary unlocking should only be reset by tools or other methods (such as replacing components). This can be satisfied at the level of the control system
Require. If these requirements are intended to be met at the level of the safety control system (not in the guard locking device), the guard shall be
The instructions for use of the locking device [see 9.2.2m)] give clear instructions on the need to meet these requirements.
5.7.6 Fastening requirements
The fastening of the protective locking device shall meet the requirements of 5.2 and shall be designed so that it can withstand the holding force.
6 Selection of interlocking device
6.1 General requirements
When choosing an interlock for a machine, it is necessary to consider all stages of the machine's life cycle.
The following factors should be considered when selecting, but not limited to.
--- Conditions of use and intended use of the machine (see 6.3, 3.23 and 5.3 in GB/T 15706-2012);
--- All hazards on the machine (see 5.4 in GB/T 15706-2012);
--- Severity of possible injury (see 5.5 in GB/T 15706-2012);
--- the possibility of failure of the interlocking device (see Chapter 8);
--- System-wide shutdown performance and entry time (see 6.2.1);
--- Performance level PL required for safety functions (see GB/T 16855.1-2008) or safety integrity level SIL (see IEC 62061.
2012) (see 8.1);
If the guard locking device automatically locks when the guard reaches the closed position, the guard locking device should be selected to withstand the closing
mechanical stress during closing.
The strength of the mechanical locking assembly or the holding force of the electromagnetic locking shall be sufficient to prevent the
The guard opens from the closed position.
The required holding force shall be appropriate to the construction and intended use of the guard (see Annex I and ISO 14120 for additional information).
Note 2.The size of the holding force is determined by the Class C standard or the machine designer.
6.2.3 Selection of auxiliary unlocking of guard locking
In practical applications, it may be necessary to adopt auxiliary unlocking methods, including but not limited to the following methods.
--- Meet the protection lock escape unlock of 5.7.5.2;
--- Meet 5.7.5.3 protective locking emergency unlocking;
---Protective devices specially designed for escape;
--- If it is foreseeable that under special circumstances, such as the working mode is a lock unlocked by power-on, after the loss of energy and the protection lock
When there is no emergency unlocking function, it is necessary to enter the safety protection area, and the protection lock should be used to assist unlocking.
Note 1.See 5.7.5, 6.3.5.3 in GB/T 15706-2012 and 8.9 in ISO 11161.2007.
Note 2.Escape unlock can be used with emergency unlock or auxiliary unlock.
6.3 Consideration of environmental conditions
6.3.1 General requirements
The technology and type of interlocking device should ensure that it is compatible with the conditions of use (eg environment, hygiene) and the intended use of the machine.
Environmental conditions, such as.
---temperature;
---dust;
---humidity;
---Vibration and shock;
---health;
--- Electromagnetic interference.
The interlock shall withstand all foreseeable effects during its expected life.
Note 1.Corrosion of salts, acids, alkalis (such as sea water) can cause the failure of the interlocking device, and the possibility of such adverse effects should be considered, especially over time. United
The special design of the lock and the type of technology employed can cause chemicals or particles to easily enter the interlock. For areas with significant pollution
domain, it is advisable to look up the manufacturer's guidelines.
NOTE 2 When type 3 and type 4 interlocks using reed contacts are used in conjunction with supervisory logic units, the user should verify the current drawn by the supervisory logic units
Whether the peak value exceeds the allowable limit of the switch.
6.3.2 Effect of Dust on Type 2 Interlocks
If a Type 2 interlock is used, consideration should be given to possible contamination at the installation location. If not protected against particles, debris or dust
Access, unless appropriate measures (such as dust covers) are used, type 2 interlocks cannot be used.
NOTE. The actuator is inserted into the position switch, so the position switch has openings that allow dust to enter. Indicates the degree of protection specified in IEC 60529
7 Minimize the likelihood of obsolescence of interlocks by design
7.1 General requirements
When designing the machine, the possibility of the interlocking device being abandoned should be minimized (see 5.5.3.6 in GB/T 15706-2012).
Interlocks should be minimized to interfere with activities during the operating phase of the machine or other phases of the machine life cycle, thereby reducing
Incentives for deprecating interlocks.
---Easy to operate the machine, especially during maintenance and repair;
--- Trouble-free operation of machine functions.
To prevent obsolescence of interlocks in a reasonably foreseeable manner, the following sequence should be followed.
a) Take the basic measures specified in 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.7.3.3 and 6.2.2.
Unless the risk assessment shows that the interlock cannot be discarded in a reasonably foreseeable manner in the specific application, 3 should not be used.
Type interlocking device.
b) Examine whether there is a reasonably foreseeable incentive to dispose of the interlock.
Note 1.It is helpful to consider use experience, see GB/T 15706-2012 in 5.2c).
Note 2.Table H.1 in Appendix H can be used to evaluate and/or eliminate incentives for deprecated interlocks.
c) Check that the incentives to obsolete the interlock can be eliminated by.
--- design measures;
--- Alternative mode.
The above measures should be taken as far as possible.
Note 3.The use of alternative modes of operation can avoid the incentive to abandon the interlocking device. Alternative operating modes can be set-up, tool change, fault finding,
Special modes for maintenance or process observation, etc. These modes mainly depend on the type and purpose of the machine and are not specified in this standard.
d) If foreseeable incentives for deprecation persist, additional measures need to be taken (see 7.2).
The schematic diagram in Figure 9 presents the method for identifying possible causes and actions that need to be taken by the machine manufacturer.
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