GB/T 18488-2024 (GB/T18488-2024, GBT 18488-2024, GBT18488-2024) & related versions
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Drive motor system for electric vehicles
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GB/T 18488-2024
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| GB/T 18488.1-2015 | English | 95 |
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[Replaced by GB/T 18488-2024] Drive motor system for electric vehicles -- Part 1: Specification
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| GB/T 18488.1-2006 | English | 170 |
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The electrical machines and controllers for electric vehicles -- Part 1: General specification
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| GB/T 18488.1-2001 | English | 470 |
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General specification of the electrical machines and controllers for electric vehicles
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GB/T 18488-2024: PDF in English (GBT 18488-2024)
GB/T 18488-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 18488.1-2015, GB/T 18488.2-2015
Drive Motor System for Electric Vehicles
ISSUED ON: MAY 28, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 28, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Model Naming ... 8
5 Technical Requirements ... 8
5.1 General Items ... 8
5.2 Input & Output Characteristics ... 10
5.3 Safety ... 12
5.4 Environmental Adaptability ... 14
5.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Performance ... 19
6 Test Methods ... 19
6.1 Test Preparation ... 19
6.2 Tests of General Items... 21
6.3 Test of Input & Output Characteristics ... 24
6.4 Safety Test ... 30
6.5 Environmental Adaptability Test ... 32
6.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility Test ... 44
7 Inspection Rules ... 45
7.1 Consistency Inspection ... 45
7.2 Type Inspection ... 45
8 Marking and Identification ... 46
8.1 Lead Wires and Terminals ... 46
8.2 Nameplate of Drive Motor ... 46
8.3 Nameplate of Drive Motor Controller ... 46
8.4 Nameplate of Integrated Drive Motor System ... 47
8.5 Warning against Danger ... 47
Appendix A (informative) Model Naming of Drive Motors, Drive Motor Controllers
and Drive Motor Systems ... 48
Appendix B (normative) Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Split Drive
Motor Systems ... 53
Appendix C (normative) Inspection Classification ... 60
Bibliography ... 63
Drive Motor System for Electric Vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the model naming, technical requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, marking and identification of drive motor system for electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to drive motor systems, drive motors and drive motor controllers
for electric vehicles.
Vehicle motors that only have the function of generating electricity, and their controllers may
take this document as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 1971 Rotating Electrical Machines - Terminal Markings and Direction of Rotation
GB/T 2900.25 Electrotechnical Terminology - Rotating Electrical Machines
GB/T 2900.33 Electrotechnical Terminology - Power Electronics
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 12673 Motor Vehicle Main Dimensions Measurement Method
GB/T 15089 Classification of Power-driven Vehicle and Trailers
GB 18384 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles - Safety Specifications
GB/T 18655-2018 Vehicles, Boats and Internal Combustion Engines - Radio Disturbance
Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement for the Protection of On-board Receivers
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 21437.2 Road Vehicles - Test Method of Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and
Coupling - Part 2: Electrical Transient Conduction along Supply Lines Only
GB/T 33014.2 Road Vehicles - Component Test Methods for Electrical / Electronic
Disturbances from Narrowband Radiated Electromagnetic Energy - Part 2: Absorber-lined
Shielded Enclosure
The drive motor system shall be flexibly idling, without abnormal noise (such as: friction
between the stator and rotor, periodic abnormal noise, abnormal noise after bearing damage,
and abnormal noise caused by tiny foreign objects stuck in the rotating parts, etc.) or jamming.
5.1.2 Appearance
5.1.2.1 The outer surface of the drive motor system shall have no obvious damage or
deformation, and the coating shall not peel off.
5.1.2.2 If a nameplate is installed, the nameplate of the drive motor system shall be squarely
and firmly installed, with clear writing.
5.1.2.3 The lead wires or terminals of the drive motor system shall be intact, and the fastener
connections shall not be loose.
5.1.2.4 The drive motor and drive motor controller shall satisfy the requirements of 5.1.2.1 ~
5.1.2.3.
5.1.3 Cooling circuit sealing performance of liquid cooling system
5.1.3.1 The cooling circuit of the drive motor system with liquid cooling system shall be able
to withstand a pressure of no less than 200 kPa.
5.1.3.2 For the drive motor system whose cooling circuit is connected to the interior of the
cavity, it shall satisfy the product technical specifications and be indicated in the report.
5.1.3.3 If the cooling circuit of the drive motor system has transition joints, they may be
respectively measured or satisfy the product technical specifications and be indicated in the
report.
5.1.4 Insulation resistance
5.1.4.1 For the split drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage, the insulation
resistance shall satisfy the requirements of Appendix B.
5.1.4.2 For the integrated drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage, the
insulation resistance between the DC power terminal and the shell, and between the DC power
terminal and the signal terminal shall not be less than 1 M.
NOTE: when the signal ground of the drive motor controller is short-circuited to the shell, only the
insulation resistance test between the DC power terminal and the shell is required.
5.1.5 Voltage resistance
5.1.5.1 For the split drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage, the voltage
resistance shall satisfy the requirements of Appendix B.
5.1.5.2 For the integrated drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage, between
not exceeding 30 minutes, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 are not required, and shall be indicated in the
report.
5.2.4 Peak torque
5.2.4.1 The peak torque of the drive motor system of Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles in
a duration of 10 seconds shall not be lower than what is specified in the product specifications,
and there shall be no alarms or abnormalities.
5.2.4.2 The peak torque of the drive motor system of vehicles other than Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles in a duration of 30 seconds shall not be lower than what is specified in
the product specifications, and there shall be no alarms or abnormalities.
5.2.5 Peak power
5.2.5.1 The peak power of the drive motor system of Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles in
a duration of 10 seconds shall not be lower than what is specified in the product specifications,
and there shall be no alarms or abnormalities.
5.2.5.2 The peak power of the drive motor system of vehicles other than Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles in a duration of 30 seconds shall not be lower than what is specified in
the product specifications, and there shall be no alarms or abnormalities.
5.2.6 Maximum working speed
The maximum working speed of the drive motor system shall not be lower than what is
specified in the product specifications. When working at the maximum power allowed at this
speed, the duration shall satisfy the stipulations of 5.2.5, and there shall be no alarms or
abnormalities.
5.2.7 Drive motor system efficiency
5.2.7.1 Under the rated voltage, the maximum efficiency of the drive motor system shall not be
less than 85%.
5.2.7.2 Under the rated voltage, the percentage of the high efficiency working area (with an
efficiency not lower than 85%) of the drive motor system to the total working area shall satisfy
the product technical specifications.
5.2.8 Control accuracy
5.2.8.1 Control accuracy of speed
For the drive motor system with speed control function, when the drive motor shaft extension
speed is below 10,000 r/min, the control accuracy shall be within the range of 50 r/min ~ 50
r/min; when the drive motor shaft extension speed is 10,000 r/min and above, the control
accuracy shall be within the range of 0.5% ~ 0.5%.
5.2.8.2 Control accuracy of torque
5.2.8.2.1 For the drive motor system with torque control function and a peak torque of not
greater than 500 N m, when the drive motor shaft extension torque is below 100 N m, the
control accuracy shall be within the range of 5 N m ~ 5 N m; when the drive motor shaft
extension torque is 100 N m and above, the control accuracy shall be within the range of 5%
~ 5%.
5.2.8.2.2 For the drive motor system with torque control function and a peak torque of greater
than 500 N m, when the drive motor shaft extension torque is not greater than one-fifth of the
peak torque, the control accuracy shall be within the range of 1% ~ 1% of the peak torque;
when the drive motor shaft extension torque is greater than one-fifth of the peak torque, the
control accuracy shall be within the range of 5% ~ 5%.
5.2.9 Locked-rotor torque
5.2.9.1 For the drive motor system of Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles with locked-rotor
torque control requirements, the maximum locked-rotor torque for a duration of not less than 5
seconds shall not be lower than the product technical specifications, and there shall be no alarms
or abnormalities.
5.2.9.2 For the drive motor system of vehicles other than Category-M1 and Category-N1
vehicles with locked-rotor torque control requirements, the maximum locked-rotor torque for a
duration of not less than 10 seconds shall not be lower than the product technical specifications,
and there shall be no alarms or abnormalities.
5.2.10 Feed characteristics
When the drive motor system operates in the feed state, the input & output characteristics shall
satisfy the requirements of 5.2.1 ~ 5.2.8.
5.3 Safety
5.3.1 Potential equalization
5.3.1.1 The resistance between the accessible conductive parts and the shell grounding point in
the drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage shall not be greater than 0.1
.
5.3.1.2 If there are two or more grounding points, they shall be respectively measured. For the
split drive motor system, the drive motor and the drive motor controller shall be respectively
measured.
5.3.1.3 When the split drive motor and the drive motor controller are located in the potential
equalization path, the resistance between the two conductive parts with a distance of no more
than 2.5 m shall not be greater than 0.2 .
5.3.1.4 The grounding point shall have a grounding mark. If there is no specific grounding point,
a) Implementation mode;
b) Test results.
5.3.3 DC bus capacitor discharge time
5.3.3.1 The drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage shall have a passive
discharge function. When the drive motor controller is cut off from the DC bus terminal power
supply, the time it takes for the DC bus capacitor of the drive motor controller to discharge to
60 V shall not be greater than 5 minutes.
5.3.3.2 When the drive motor system has active discharge requirements, after the drive motor
controller is cut off from the DC bus terminal power supply, the time it takes for the DC bus
capacitor of the drive motor controller to discharge to 60 V shall not be greater than 3 seconds.
5.4 Environmental Adaptability
5.4.1 Low temperature
5.4.1.1 The drive motor system whose DC bus voltage is Class B voltage shall be able to
withstand low-temperature storage at 40 C for no less than 12 hours. The drive motor system
with other voltage levels shall be able to withstand the low-temperature storage specified in the
product technical specifications.
5.4.1.2 After storage, maintain the temperature inside the chamber unchanged. The insulation
resistance retested in the chamber shall comply with the stipulations of 5.1.4, then, perform a
no-load starting at the rated voltage. After starting, in accordance with the torque and speed
specified in the product technical specifications, operate for 0.5 hour, there shall be no alarms
or abnormalities.
5.4.1.3 After returning to normal, the drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at
peak torque and peak power at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than
Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 30 seconds.
5.4.2 High temperature
5.4.2.1 High-temperature storage
5.4.2.1.1 The drive motor system shall be able to withstand high-temperature storage at 85 C
for no less than 12 hours.
5.4.2.1.2 After storage, maintain the temperature inside the chamber unchanged. The insulation
resistance retested in the chamber shall comply with the stipulations of 5.1.4.
5.4.2.1.3 After returning to normal, the drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at
peak torque and peak power at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than
test in accordance with the product technical specifications.
5.4.5.3 In accordance with 6.5.5, carry out the test, and there shall be no abnormal phenomena,
for example, interruption of signal transmission.
5.4.5.4 After the test, the drive motor system shall not have mechanical damage or deformation
that affects high-voltage safety. The retested insulation resistance shall comply with the
stipulations of 5.1.4, and the retested sealing of the liquid cooling circuit shall comply with the
stipulations of 5.1.3.
5.4.5.5 After the test, the drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at peak torque
and peak power at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and Category-N1
vehicles shall last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than Category-M1
and Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 30 seconds.
5.4.5.6 When the sample under test has multiple directions or the direction is unclear, the test
shall be respectively conducted in three directions.
5.4.5.7 If there are special requirements, during the test, the motor operation can be controlled,
and the operating speed is proposed by the manufacturer and indicated in the report.
5.4.6 Waterproof and dustproof
5.4.6.1 The dustproof and waterproof requirements of the drive motor system shall satisfy at
least one of the following two requirements.
a) Satisfy the protection requirements of IP67 or higher specified in GB/T 4208-2017.
b) If there are clear stipulations on the installation position in the product technical
specifications, the dustproof and waterproof levels of the drive motor system shall be
determined based on the layout height of the vehicle under no load. The requirements
are as follows:
---If the height of the lower surface of the drive motor system from the ground is less
than 300 mm, it shall satisfy the protection requirements of IP67 or higher
specified in GB/T 4208-2017;
---If the height of the lower surface of the drive motor system from the ground is not
less than 300 mm, and there is no obstruction underneath the components, the
high-voltage components shall satisfy the protection requirements of IP55 or
higher specified in GB/T 4208-2017;
---If the height of the lower surface of the drive motor system from the ground is not
less than 300 mm, and there is an obstruction underneath the components, the high-
voltage components shall satisfy the protection requirements of IP54 or higher
specified in GB/T 4208-2017.
5.4.6.2 The fan protection level of the air cooling system shall satisfy the product technical
specifications.
5.4.6.3 For the drive motor system that shares a shell with other components, the drive motor
system can be tested in the form of complete-vehicle installation.
5.4.6.4 In accordance with 6.5.6, carry out the test, and the retested insulation resistance shall
comply with the stipulations of 5.1.4.
5.4.6.5 The drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at peak torque and peak power
at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles shall
last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than Category-M1 and Category-
N1 vehicles shall last for 30 seconds.
5.4.7 Salt spray
5.4.7.1 The salt spray resistance of the drive motor system shall be able to satisfy the relevant
stipulations of 5.4.3.2 in GB/T 42284.4-2022, and the test period shall be no less than 48 hours.
5.4.7.2 In accordance with 6.5.7, carry out the test. The visual inspection of the drive motor
system shall comply with the requirements of 5.1.2.
5.4.7.3 The retested insulation resistance shall comply with the stipulations of 5.1.4, and the
retested sealing of the liquid cooling circuit shall comply with the stipulations of 5.1.3.
5.4.7.4 After returning to normal, the drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at
peak torque and peak power at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than
Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 30 seconds.
5.4.8 Ice water impact
5.4.8.1 When the DC bus terminal is de-energized and no coolant liquid is introduced to the
cooling circuit, the drive motor system shall be able to withstand the ice water impact test
specified in 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 in GB/T 42284.4-2022. Specifically speaking, carry out the splash
test for 10 times and the immersion test once, and Tmax is selected to be 85 C.
5.4.8.2 In accordance with 6.5.8, carry out the test. The retested insulation resistance shall
comply with the stipulations of 5.1.4, and the retested sealing of the liquid cooling circuit shall
comply with the stipulations of 5.1.3.
5.4.8.3 After returning to normal, the drive motor system shall be able to normally operate at
peak torque and peak power at the rated voltage. The drive motor system of Category-M1 and
Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 10 seconds. The drive motor system of vehicles other than
Category-M1 and Category-N1 vehicles shall last for 30 seconds.
5.4.8.4 If the height of the lower surface of the drive motor system from the ground is not less
than 300 mm, the immersion test in 5.3.3 of GB/T 42284.4-2022 does not need to be performed.
6.1.6 Signal shielding
When necessary, related signals shall be simulated or shielded through other methods.
6.2 Tests of General Items
6.2.1 General inspection
6.2.1.1 During the inspection, the drive motor system under test is not connected to high-voltage
and low-voltage power supplies, no external loads are connected, and the power lines are not
short-circuited.
6.2.1.2 Rotate the output shaft of the drive motor system and check for abnormal noise by
listening.
6.2.2 Appearance inspection
Through visual inspection and touching, perform appearance inspection.
6.2.3 Cooling circuit sealing performance test of liquid cooling system
6.2.3.1 For the split drive motor system, the cooling circuits of the drive motor and the drive
motor controller should be separated and respectively measured.
6.2.3.2 Before the test, the surface of the drive motor system shall not be coated with a coating
that can prevent leakage, and chemical anti-corrosion treatment without sealing effect can be
carried out.
6.2.3.3 During the test, the temperature of the test medium shall be consistent with the
temperature of the test environment and maintain stable.
6.2.3.4 The medium used in the test can be gas or liquid. The gas medium should be dry, clean
and oil-free compressed air, and other non-harmful gases. The liquid medium should be water
containing rust inhibitor, kerosene or non-corrosive liquid with a viscosity no higher than water.
6.2.3.5 When using a gas medium for the test, the liquid in the circuit needs to be blown out
and dried; one end of the cooling circuit of the sample under test is blocked, but deformation
that may affect the sealing performance cannot be generated. Fill the circuit with the pressure
test medium specified in 5.1.3, the pressure rise time shall not be greater than 15 seconds, and
the pressure holding (equilibrium) time shall not be less than 1 minute. After disconnecting
from the gas source, the pressure drop within 1 minute shall not be greater than 300 Pa.
6.2.3.6 When using a liquid medium for the test, the air in the cooling circuit cavity needs to be
purged, and the test method shall comply with the product technical specifications.
6.2.3.7 After the test, reduce the test medium pressure to the pre-test level.
6.2.4 Test of insulation resistance
with B.1.2.
6.2.5.2 Voltage resistance test of integrated drive motor system
6.2.5.2.1 Before the test, each DC power terminal of the drive motor system shall be short-
circuited, and each signal terminal shall be short-circuited.
6.2.5.2.2 During the voltage resistance test of the DC power terminal and the shell, and the DC
power terminal and the controller signal terminal of the drive motor system, other terminals or
components not participating in the test shall be connected to the shell, and the shell shall be
grounded.
6.2.5.2.3 In accordance with the test voltage requirements in Table 1, set the test voltage. Carry
out the test between the DC power terminal and the shell, and between the DC power terminal
and the signal terminal of the drive motor system.
6.2.5.2.4 The full value test voltage specified in Table 1 is loaded between the DC bus terminal
and the shell of the drive motor. During the loading process, the applied voltage shall start from
not exceeding half of the full value of the test voltage, then, at a speed of not exceeding 5% of
the full value, uniformly increase to the full value or in sections. The time for the voltage to
increase from half value to full value shall not be less than 10 seconds, and the full value test
voltage shall last for 1 minute.
6.2.5.2.5 After the test is completed, when the voltage drops to less than one-third of the full
value, the power supply can be disconnected, and the capacitance among the tested winding,
the power terminal and the shell can be discharged.
6.2.6 Overspeed test
6.2.6.1 The sample under test shall be run-in in accordance with the working conditions
specified in the product technical specifications.
6.2.6.2 Before the test, the assembly quality of the drive motor, especially the rotating part,
shall be carefully checked, and corresponding protective measures shall be taken to prevent
debris or parts from flying out when the speed increases. For the integrated drive motor system
with more than one gear, an appropriate gear shall be selected for the test.
6.2.6.3 The no-load rotation or prime mover (dynamometer) drag method can be selected for
the drive motor under test in accordance with the specific circumstances:
a) When adopting the method of no-load rotation for the drive motor under test, the drive
motor under test, under the control of the drive motor controller, smoothly rotates to
and maintains the test speed specified in 5.1.6. At this speed point, the no-load running
time satisfies the stipulations of 5.1.6;
b) When adopting the prime mover (dynamometer) drag method for the test, the drive
motor under test is de-energized. Under the drag of the prime mover (dynamometer),
the drive motor rises to the test speed specified in 5.1.6 at a speed not exceeding 1,000
r/min per second and maintains. At this speed point, the no-load running time satisfies
the stipulations of 5.1.6.
6.2.6.4 As the speed increases, when the drive motor reaches the peak speed, observe the motor
operation and confirm that there are no abnormal phenomena, then, increase the speed at an
appropriate speed, until reaching the specified speed.
6.2.6.5 After the test, reduce the speed of the drive motor under test at an appropriate speed,
until it stops.
6.3 Test of Input & Output Characteristics
6.3.1 Preparation of bench test
6.3.1.1 The sample under test shall be run-in in accordance with the working conditions
specified in the product technical specifications.
6.3.1.2 Confirm that all connections are correct and secure, and that the control functions of the
dynamometer and the drive motor system under test are normal.
6.3.1.3 For the liquid cooling system, the liquid cooling inlet temperature of the drive motor
system is 50 C, the flow rate is set in accordance with the product technical specifications, and
the working temperature of the drive motor system and transmission device lubricant is 50 C;
for other cooling modes, set the cooling conditions in accordance with the product technical
specifications.
6.3.1.4 During measurement, the readings of each instrument shall be simultaneously read and
recorded.
6.3.1.5 During measurement, the measurement point of voltage and current shall be at the drive
motor controller close to the terminal. The working torque and speed of the drive motor should
be directly measured at the shaft extension end of the drive motor. At this time, there shall be a
rigid connection between the shaft extension end of the drive motor and the torque and speed
measurement equipment.
6.3.1.6 For the drive motor system with more than one gear transmission device, each gear shall
be respectively measured and recorded.
6.3.1.7 For the drive motor system with a transmission device, the test results of 5.2.2 ~ 5.2.9
are included in the efficiency and speed ratio of the transmission device and indicated in the
report. The efficiency and speed ratio of the transmission device are provided by the
manufacturer and serve as an attachment to the report.
6.3.2 Test of working voltage range
6.3.2.1 During the test, respectively set the DC bus voltage of the drive motor system at the
highest working voltage and the lowest working voltage that satisfy the requirements of 5.2.1,
......
| Standard ID | GB/T 18488-2024 (GB/T18488-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Drive motor system for electric vehicles | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.120 | | Word Count Estimation | 46,423 | | Date of Issue | 2024-05-28 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-05-28 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Suzhou Huichuan United Power System Co., Ltd., China First Automobile Co., Ltd., China Automotive Research Institute New Energy Vehicle Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing Automotive Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Technology, Zeekr Auto (Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area) Co., Ltd., Huawei Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Automotive Electric Drive Co., Ltd., NIO Automotive Technology (Anhui) Co., Ltd., SAIC Motor Technology Center, Yutong Bus Co., Ltd., Deep Blue Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Yingbo Electric Co., Ltd., China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing CHJ Automotive Technology Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd., Feng | | Administrative Organization | National Technical Committee on Automotive Standardization (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration |
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