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GB/T 16296.1-2018: Acoustics -- Audiometric test methods -- Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction audiometry
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Acoustics -- Audiometric test methods -- Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction audiometry
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GB/T 16296.1-2018
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| GB/T 16296-1996 | English | 599 |
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Acoustics. Audiometric test methods. Part 2: Sound field audiometry with pure tone and narrow-band test signals
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GB/T 16296-1996
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 16296.1-2018 (GB/T16296.1-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Acoustics -- Audiometric test methods -- Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction audiometry | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A59 | | Classification of International Standard | 17.140 | | Word Count Estimation | 30,347 | | Date of Issue | 2018-03-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-10-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 16296.1-2018: Acoustics -- Audiometric test methods -- Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction audiometry
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Acoustics--Audiometric test methods--Part 1. Pure-tone air and bone conduction audiometry
ICS 17.140
A59
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 16403-1996
Acoustic audiometry
Part 1. Pure tone air conduction and bone conduction test
Part 1. Pure-toneairandboneconductionaudiometry
(ISO 8253-1.2010, IDT)
Published on.2018-03-15
2018-10-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
Introduction IV
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 General questions of the audiometry method 4
4.1 Overview 4
4.2 Calibration of the audiometry equipment benchmark zero level 4
4.3 Requirements for audiometry equipment 4
4.4 Qualified testers 4
4.5 Test time 4
4.6 Audiometry environment conditions 5
4.7 Measurement uncertainty 5
5 Preparation of the subject before the audiometry and guidance to the subject and wearing the transducer 5
5.1 Preparation of the subject 5
5.2 Guidance to the subject 5
5.3 Transducer wear 6
6 Fixed frequency audiometry to determine the air conduction threshold level 6
6.1 Overview 6
6.2 Manual method for measuring hearing threshold 6
6.3 Determination of the automatic recording of the auditory threshold of the audiometer 8
6.4 Determination of the hearing threshold of computer control method 9
7 Sweeping audiometry air conduction threshold level determination 9
7.1 Overview 9
7.2 Test tone transmission 9
7.3 Familiarity 9
7.4 Determination of hearing threshold level 9
7.5 Calculation of the threshold of the specified frequency 9
8 bone conduction threshold determination method 10
8.1 Method of listening and listening 10
8.2 Plugging ears 10
8.3 Airborne sound radiation from the bone vibrator 10
8.4 Vibration tactile sense 10
8.5 Test procedure for bone masking and masking 10
9 Screening and listening methods 11
9.1 Overview 11
9.2 Step 11 of the screening test
10 Audiogram 11
11 Allowable ambient noise 12
11.1 Audible threshold measurement allowed ambient noise 12
11.2 Psychoacoustic verification of environmental noise 12
12 Maintenance and calibration of audiometry equipment 15
12.1 Overview 15
12.2 Check interval 16
12.3 Class A---General Inspection and Subjective Verification 16
12.4 Class B---Periodic objective verification 17
12.5 Class C---Basic Calibration Test 17
Appendix A (informative) Measurement uncertainty 18
Reference 22
Foreword
GB/T 16296 "Acoustic Audiometry Method" includes the following three parts.
--- Part 1. pure tone air conduction and bone conduction test;
--- Part 2. Sound field audiometry with pure tone and narrowband test signals;
--- Part 3. Speech audiometry.
This part is the first part of GB/T 16296.
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 16403-1996 "Acoustic audiometry method pure tone air conduction and bone conduction hearing threshold basic audiometry".
Compared with GB/T 16403-1996, the main technical changes in this part are as follows.
--- Removed the reference standards IEC 373.1971, ISO 389-4.1994, IEC 804.1985 (see.1996 edition);
--- Added normative references GB/T 4854.5, GB/T 4854.8, ISO /IEC Guide 98-3 (see Chapter 2);
--- Revised the terms and definitions 3.2, 3.3, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, 3.12, 3.16, 3.21, 3.22 and 3.23 (see 3.2,
3.3, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, 3.12, 3.16, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23,.1996 editions 3.2, 3.3, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, 3.12, 3.16,
3.21, 3.22, 3.23);
--- Increased measurement uncertainty (see 4.7 and Appendix A);
--- Added the general provisions of 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 7.1 and 9.2 (see 6.2.3.1, 6.2.4.1, 6.3.1, 7.1, 9.2.1);
--- Revised the relevant content of the audiogram (see Table 1, Table 1 of the.1996 edition);
--- Increased requirements for instruments that measure ambient noise (see 11.1);
--- Increased the acoustic attenuation values of the plug-in earphones and earmuff headphones in Table 3 (see Table 11.1).
--- Change the Appendix A of the.1996 edition to a reference (see References, Appendix A of the.1996 edition).
This section uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 8253-1.2010 "Acoustic audiometry methods Part 1. Pure tone air conduction and bone conduction test
law".
The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this part are as follows.
---GB/T 3241-2010 Electroacoustic octave and fractional octave filter (IEC 61260.1995, MOD);
--- GB/T 3785.1-2010 Electroacoustic sound level meters - Part 1. Specification (IEC 61672-1.2002, IDT);
--- GB/T 4854.1-2004 Acoustic calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 1 - Part 1
Effective threshold sound pressure level (ISO 389-1.1998, IDT);
--- GB/T 4854.3-1998 Acoustical calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 3 - Part 3
Force level (eqvISO 389-3.1994);
--- GB/T 4854.5-2008 Acoustic calibration of audio-visual equipment benchmark zero-order part 5. 8kHz ~ 16kHz frequency range
Peripheral pure tone reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level (ISO 389-5.2006, IDT);
--- GB/T 4854.8-2007 Acoustic calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 0 - Part 8
Effective threshold sound pressure level (ISO 389-8.2004, IDT);
---GB/T 16402-1996 Acoustic plug-in headphones pure tone reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level (eqvISO 389-2.1994).
This part was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Acoustic Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC17).
This section was drafted. Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Technological University, China Electronics
The third institute of the Science and Technology Group Corporation.
The main drafters of this section. Wu Wenming, Yu Fei, Yu Liming, Li Xiaodong, Sang Jinqiu, Liu Bilong, Cheng Xiaobin, Lu Yadong, Dai Genhua, Han Jie.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are.
---GB/T 16403-1996.
Introduction
This section specifies the basic methods and requirements for transmitting pure tone signals to the subject to measure the hearing threshold via headphones and bone vibrators, excluding electrophysiology.
Test Methods.
There are many factors involved in getting a reliable test for a hearing test. GB/T 7341.1-2010 specifies the requirements for audiometers. Correct
The inspection, calibration and maintenance of the audiometry instrument in use is important. This section briefly describes the calibration issues. in order to avoid
The ambient noise in the listening room masks the test signal, and the ambient noise level should not exceed a certain value, which is a method of transmitting a signal to the subject, ie
Use different earphones or bone vibrators. This section gives the maximum ambient noise that should not be exceeded when the measured threshold level is as low as 0 dB.
Allows sound pressure level. The highest ambient noise level allowed to measure other minimum listening thresholds is also given. This section specifies the use of pure tone air conduction
And the method of determining the threshold of hearing by the bone conduction test. For screening and listening, only the air conduction audiometry is briefly described.
Audiometry can be performed with the following equipment.
a) manual audiometer;
b) automatic recording of the audiometer;
c) Computer controlled audiometry equipment.
This section gives a method for measuring the hearing threshold for these three types of signal transmission methods. For screening and listening, only the manual or
The computer controls the audiometry method of the audiometer. This method of audiometry is suitable for most adults and children. Other methods may also be used
Equivalent to the results measured by the methods specified in this section. For young children, the elderly or those who are not physically fit, this section may be required
The proposed method steps make some modifications, and this modification may result in inaccurate audiometry results.
Acoustic audiometry
Part 1. Pure tone air conduction and bone conduction test
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 16296 specifies methods, procedures and requirements for the determination of pure tone air conduction and bone conduction hearing threshold. For screening and listening, only
Pure tone air conduction test method.
This method may not be suitable for special people, such as young children.
This section does not include methods for listening to the subject's listening level above the threshold level.
This section does not specify speech measurement, electrophysiological audiometry, and audiometry methods and requirements using speakers as sound sources.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 7341.1-2010 Electroacoustic audiometry equipment - Part 1. Pure tone audiometer (IEC 60645-1.2001, IDT)
ISO 389-1 - Acoustical calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 1 . Part 1
(Acoustics-Referencezeroforthecalibrationofaudiometricequipment-Part 1. Referenceequivalent
Thresholdsoundpressurelevelsforpuretonesandsupra-auralearphones)
ISO 389-2 - Acoustical calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 2. Part 2. Plug-in headphone, pure tone reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level
(Acoustics-Referencezeroforthecalibration ofaudiometricequipment- Part 2.Reference
Equivalentthresholdsoundpressurelevelsforpuretonesandinsertearphones)
ISO 389-3.1994 Benchmark zero-order for acoustically calibrated audio-visual equipment - Part 3
(Acoustics-Referencezeroforthecalibrationofaudiometricequipment-Part 3. Referenceequivalent
Thresholdforcelevelsforpuretonesandbonevibrators)
ISO 389-5 - Acoustical calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 5. Part 5. Plain tone equivalents in the frequency range from 8 kHz to 16 kHz
Acoustics-Referencezeroforthecalibrationofaudiometricequipment-Part 5.Reference
Equivalentthresholdsoundpressurelevelsforpuretonesinthefrequencyrange8kHzto16kHz)
ISO 389-8 - Acoustical calibration of audio-visual equipment - Part 0. Part 8
(Acoustics-Referencezeroforthecalibrationofaudiometricequipment-Part 8. Referenceequivalent
Thresholdsoundpressurelevelsforpuretonesandcircumauralearphones)
ISO /IEC Guide 98-3 Measurement Uncertainty Part 3. Guide to Measurement Uncertainty [Uncertaintyofmeasure-
ment-Part 3. Guidetotheexpressionofuncertaintyinmeasurement(GUM.1995)]
IEC 61260 electroacoustic octave and fractional octave filter (Electroacoustics-Octave-bandand fractional-
Octave-bandfilters)
IEC 61672-1 Electroacoustic Sound Level Meter Part 1. Specification (Electroacoustics-Soundlevelmeters-Part 1.
Specifications)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Air conduction
The process of sound passing through the outer and middle ears to the inner ear in the air.
3.2
Ear simulator earsimulator
A device for measuring the sound output of a sound source, the sound pressure being measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the sound source. The total acoustic impedance of the device
The acoustic impedance of a normal human ear near a prescribed position and a prescribed frequency band.
Note. The ear simulator is specified in IEC 60318-1 [4] and IEC 60318-4 [6].
3.3
Acoustic coupler
A device for measuring the sound output of a sound source, the sound pressure being measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the sound source. The coupler is a shape and
The volume of the predetermined cavity does not need to be close to the acoustic impedance of the normal human ear.
Note. Acoustic couplers are specified in IEC 60318-3 [5] and IEC 60318-5 [7].
3.4
Bone conduction
The process of transmitting sound to the inner ear mainly by mechanical vibration of the skull.
3.5
Bone vibrator Bonevibrator
An electromechanical transducer that causes hearing by vibrating the skull.
3.6
Force coupler mechanicalcoupler
A device designed to apply a predetermined static force to a bone vibrator to present a predetermined force impedance. Force coupler equipped with an electromechanical exchange
The energy device is used to measure the level of vibration force on the contact surface with the bone vibrator.
Note. IEC 60318-6 [8] specifies the force coupler.
3.7
Otology normal person otologicalynormalperson
People with normal health conditions, no symptoms of ear disease, no obstruction of the ear canal, no history of excessive noise exposure, no history of use of ototoxic drugs or
Familial hearing loss.
3.8
Hearing threshold hearingthreshold
Under the specified conditions, the subject makes a correct perceived response in the repeated test to achieve a predetermined percentage of the lowest sound pressure level or vibration
Force level.
Note. The predetermined percentage is often taken as 50%.
3.9
Equivalent threshold sound pressure level equivalentthresholdsoundpressurelevel
Wearing a specified type of earphone on a given test ear with a prescribed force, measuring the hearing threshold at a prescribed frequency to obtain a voltage excitation at the hearing threshold
The earphone is such that it produces a sound pressure level in a specified acoustic coupler or ear simulator.
3.10
Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level referenceequivalentthresholdsoundpressurelevel;RETSPL
For the specified frequency, with the specified type of earphones, in the specified acoustic coupler or ear simulator, the number of men and women measured is large enough
The median of the equivalent threshold sound pressure level of the ear of a normal ear, 18 to 25 years old.
Note. The age range referred to in ISO 389-1 is 18 to 30 years old and is specified as the value of (equivalent threshold sound pressure level).
3.11
Equivalent threshold vibration force level equivalentthresholdvibratoryforcelevel
Wear the specified type of bone vibrator on the mastoid or forehead of the person with a prescribed force, and measure the hearing threshold of the given frequency of the given ear to obtain the hearing threshold.
The voltage at the time excites the bone vibrator to produce a level of vibrational force on the specified force coupler.
3.12
Reference equivalent threshold vibration level referenceequivalentthresholdvibratoryforcelevel; RETFL
For the specified frequency, with the specified type of bone vibrator, the number of male and female, ages measured on the specified force coupler is
The median equivalent of the threshold force level of the ear of a normal 18- to 25-year-old ear.
Note. The age range referred to in ISO 389-3 is 18 to 30 years old and is specified as the arithmetic mean of the equivalent threshold.
3.13
Pure tone hearing level hearinglevelofapuretone; HLofapuretone
At a specified frequency, a specified type of transducer is used, in a prescribed manner, by the transducer in a specified ear simulator or force coupling
The sound pressure level or vibration force level generated in the device is subtracted from the corresponding reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level or the reference equivalent threshold vibration level.
3.14
Listening threshold for a given ear hearingthresholdlevelofagivenear
At a specified frequency, for a given type of earphone, the hearing threshold for that frequency is expressed in terms of hearing level.
3.15
Occlusion effect
When the earphone is placed on the ear or the earplug is placed in the external auditory canal, a closed air cavity is formed in the external auditory canal, which will result in the arrival.
The phenomenon that the bone's bone signal level changes (generally rising).
Note. The plugging effect is greatest at low frequencies.
3.16
Masking masking
The phenomenon that the hearing threshold of a given ear for a particular sound rises due to the presence of another masking sound.
3.17
Effective masking level of band noise effectivemaskinglevelofanoiseband
Due to the presence of masked band noise, the hearing threshold of the pure tone corresponding to the geometric center frequency of the band is increased, at this time the pure tone
The hearing level is the effective masking level of the band noise.
Note. 8.5.2a) of GB/T 7341.1-2010 specifies that the narrowband noise masking stage is calibrated with an effective masking level.
3.18
Vibrating tactile threshold vibrotactilethresholdlevel
In a repeated test, someone can make a vibration force level or sound pressure level that is 50% correct in response to the vibration of the skin.
3.19
Pure tone audiometer puretoneaudiometer
An electroacoustic instrument equipped with headphones and a pure tone that provides a known sound pressure level at a specified frequency.
Note. It can also be equipped with a bone vibrator and/or with a masking function.
3.20
Manual audiometer manualaudiometer
Signal transmission, frequency and hearing level selection, and result recording are all manually controlled audiometers.
3.21
Automatic recording audiometer automatic-recordingaudiometer
An audiometer that automatically completes the transmission of signals, changes in hearing levels, selection or change of frequency, and records of subject responses.
Note. Changes in hearing level are controlled by the subject and are automatically recorded.
3.22
Fixed frequency automatic audiometry automaticfixed-frequencyaudiometry
A method of audiometry in which the change in the frequency of the hearing level is controlled by the subject and automatically recorded.
3.23
Sweep automatic audiometry automaticsweep-frequencyaudiometry
The change in hearing level is controlled by the subject, and the frequency is continuously changed, or the audiometry is much smaller than the 1/3 octave bin.
3.24
Screening audiometry screeningaudiometry
A pure tone of a fixed sound level (screening level) is sent to determine whether the subject has heard the audiometry.
3.25
Audiogram
The relationship between the hearing threshold level and the frequency of the test ear measured in the form of a graph or a table under specified conditions and measured according to the prescribed method.
4 General questions about audiometry
4.1 Overview
The threshold level can be measured by air conduction and bone conduction measurement. The air conduction audiometry sends the test signal to the subject by the earphone, and the bone conduction test method is
A bone vibrator located in the mastoid or forehead of the subject sends a test signal. It is recommended to first perform the air conduction threshold level measurement and then perform the bone conduction threshold level measurement.
Several fixed frequency test tones (fixed frequency audiometry), or test signals with frequency changing at a predetermined rate over time (sweeping and listening)
Method) Determine the threshold of hearing. Chapter 6 gives a fixed frequency listening method, and Chapter 7 describes a frequency sweeping method. In the air conduction and bone conduction test, two
The hearing threshold of the ear should be measured separately. Under the specified conditions, the non-test ear (opposite ear) should be masked with noise. Masking noise through ear, earmuff
Or insert headphones to send to non-test ears.
4.2 Calibration reference zero level of audiometry equipment
The baseline zero level of the air conduction audiometer is given by ISO 389-1, ISO 389-2, ISO 389-5 and ISO 389-8.
The zero level is given by ISO 389-3. The two reference zero levels respectively use the reference equivalent threshold sound pressure level (RETSPL) and the vibration force level at the specified frequency.
(RETVFL) indicates. Different RETVFLs are suitable for different locations where the bone vibrator is located, ie the mastoid or forehead. ISO 389-3.1994
The position of the bone vibrator at the mastoid is listed, and Appendix C gives the difference between the bone vibrator and the position of the forehead.
4.3 Requirements for audiometry equipment
The audiometer shall be manufactured in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 7341.1 and calibrated in accordance with the relevant parts of ISO 389. For professional audiometry and school
Children's tests can be used with type 4 audiometers (GB/T 7341.1-2010), and the frequency range is sometimes limited to 500 Hz and above.
4.4 Qualified testers
Qualified testers should be understood as personnel who have been trained in audiometry theory and practical courses, by national authorities or other appropriate
The institution is qualified. All tests in this section are assumed to be performed solely by qualified test personnel or under their supervision.
The tester should make a decision on the details of the audiometry that are not specified in this section below;
a) first measure the left or right ear (usually choose a more sensitive ear);
b) whether to add masking;
c) whether the subject's response corresponds to the test signal;
d) whether there is any external noise event or subject's behavioral response that would affect the validity of the test;
e) Whether to interrupt, terminate or repeat all or part of the test.
4.5 Test time
Care should be taken not to subject the subject to excessive fatigue, as the subject is still not rested after 20 minutes of testing, and reliable results are obtained.
It will be more difficult.
4.6 Audiometry environment
The ambient sound pressure level in the listening room should not exceed the values specified in Chapter 11.
During the audiometry process, both the tester and the subject should sit comfortably and should not be disturbed or distracted by nearby people or unrelated things.
The temperature in the listening room should be within the limits allowed by the local authorities. The listening room should be adequately ventilated.
If the audiometer is manually operated, the tester should be able to clearly see the subject, but the subject should not see the operation of the audiometer keyboard and
Send a signal or interrupt. When using automatic recording of the hearing timer, the recording system should not be seen by the subject.
When the test is conducted outside the listening room, the subject should be monitored through an observation window or closed circuit television. Subjects should be monitored acoustically.
4.7 Measurement uncertainty
The threshold level of hearing threshold measured according to any of the audiometry methods specified in this section depends on changes in various parameters, such as.
a) the performance of the audiometry equipment used;
b) the type of transducer used and the condition in which the tester is wearing the subject;
c) the frequency of the test tone;
d) the environmental conditions of the listening room, especially the environmental noise;
e) the qualifications and experience of the tester;
f) the degree of cooperation of the subjects and the reliability of their response;
g) Use of non-optimal masking noise.
Due to the complexity of the measurement process, including the individual behavior of the tester and the subject, the measurement is not accurate with a single, single valid number.
The degree of determination is very difficult. However, a careful assessment of measurement uncertainty provides useful information for the reliability of hearing tests for most
The uncertainty in the application provides a sufficient estimate.
The uncertainty of measurement results obtained in accordance with this section shall be estimated in accordance with ISO /IEC Guide 98-3. If a test report is issued,
The extended uncertainty and its corresponding inclusion factor at the specified inclusion probability shall be given in accordance with ISO /IEC Guide 98-3. Appendix A gives
A guide to determining the extended uncertainty is presented.
5 Preparation of the subject before the audiometry and guidance to the subject and wearing the transducer
5.1 Preparation of the subject
Recent noise exposures can cause temporary increases in the threshold of hearing. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid obvious noise exposure before the audiometry, if any,
Noted in the audiometry report. In order to avoid errors caused by excessive stress, the subject should come to the test room 5 minutes before the test.
Usually, an otoscope is performed by a qualified person before the audiometry. If sputum is found in the external auditory canal, it should be removed and, as appropriate
Delay the test for a while. It is also advisable to ...
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