GB/T 14230-2021 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 14230-2021 | English | 565 |
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Test method of tooth bending strength for gear load capacity
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| GB/T 14230-1993 | English | 639 |
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Standard of test methed for bending load capacity of gears
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 14230-2021: Test method of tooth bending strength for gear load capacity---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT14230-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 21.200
CCS J 17
Replacing GB/T 14230-1993
Test method of tooth bending strength for gear load capacity
Issued on. MAY 21, 2021
Implemented on. DECEMBER 01, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms, definitions, codes... 7
4 Test principle... 9
5 Test purpose... 11
6 Test type... 12
7 Test method... 14
8 Test equipment... 19
9 Failure criteria... 23
10 Test procedure... 24
11 Statistical processing of test data... 26
12 Test report... 32
Appendix A (Informative) Test fixture design... 33
Appendix B (Informative) Statistical processing method considering confidence... 36
Appendix C (Informative) Example of conventional grouping method data processing
... 38
Appendix D (Informative) Calculation example of data processing of up-down load
change method... 44
Appendix E (Informative) Calculation example of data processing of step loading
method... 46
References... 48
1 Scope
This document specifies the principle, purpose, type, method, equipment, failure
criteria, procedure, data processing, test report of the bending fatigue strength test of
the tooth root of involute cylindrical gears.
This document is applicable to the basic data required for the design of the bending
fatigue bearing capacity of the tooth root of involute cylindrical gears, which are made
of steel or cast iron; it is also applicable to the comparative analysis of the bending
fatigue performance of gears under conditions of different materials, different processes,
different shaping methods, etc. Similar tests of gears made of other materials or non-
involute gears can make reference to this standard.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for the referenced documents
with dates, only the versions corresponding to the dates are applicable to this document;
for the referenced documents without dates, the latest versions (including all
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 1356 Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering - Standard basic
rack tooth profile
GB/T 3358.1 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1.General statistical terms
and terms used in probability
GB/T 3480.1 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 1.Basic
principles, introduction and general influence factors
GB/T 3480.3 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 3.
Calculation of tooth bending strength
3 Terms, definitions, codes
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 3358.1, GB/T 3480.1, GB/T 3480.3, as
well as the codes in Table 1, apply to this document.
4 Test principle
4.1 Through meshing operation (see Figure 1) or pulsating loading (see Figure 2), a
controlled load is applied to the test gear teeth, to reproduce or simulate the stress state
and value of the tooth root, to determine the number of cycles when the gear teeth fail
due to bending fatigue (or fail after exceeding the root stress cycle base N0), OR to
determine the stress (load) level when the gear teeth fail due to bending fatigue under a
given number of cycles (such as N0).
4.2 Since the discreteness of fatigue test data is inevitable, its distribution will have
certain statistical significance, only when enough test data is obtained. Therefore, in
practical applications, if only limited test data points can be used for analysis or
comparison, the test process shall be strictly controlled and the limitations of the
conclusions shall be noted.
5 Test purpose
5.1 Basic data determination
When a specific material and a specific process are used to process the test gear, the
bending fatigue limit stress or S-N curve of the gear can be obtained by processing the
test data, which can be used as the basic value of the strength design of the material and
process. The specific requirements are as follows.
5.2 Performance comparison
5.2.1 When different materials or different processes are used to process the test gear,
the influence of different factors on the bending fatigue strength of the gear can be
evaluated by processing the test data. These factors include but are not limited to.
5.2.2 Based on the comparison in 5.2.1, the material, process, tooth root design, etc. of
the gear can be optimized.
5.2.3 If it is necessary to compare the durability fatigue limit stress, the test shall be
conducted in accordance with the requirements of 7.4 or 7.5.
5.3 Others
Except for 5.1 and 5.2, other test purposes can be set by the researchers themselves. For
example, explore the mechanism and main causes of gear bending fatigue failure,
analyze the initiation and stable expansion process of gear bending fatigue cracks,
formulate a method to suppress gear tooth bending fatigue damage.
6 Test type
6.1 General
In order to determine the gear bending load capacity and fatigue strength, the method
of installing the test gear pair on the test bench for running loading is called the running
type test (see Figure 1), whilst the method of fixing the test gear on the test machine
with a special fixture to load the gear teeth in a pulsating manner is called the pulsating
type test (see Figure 2).
6.2 Running type test
6.3 Pulsating type test
6.3.1 In the test, a set pulsating load is applied to the effective involute position of the
test gear tooth close to the tooth top.
6.3.3 The tooth root bending stress generated when the test gear is loaded at point E is
calculated according to formula (2) and formula (3).
7 Test method
7.1 General
There are many data combination methods for gear bending fatigue test, such as
conventional grouping method, few-point combination method, up-down load change
method, step loading method, etc. In the test plan formulation stage, it should make a
reasonable choice based on the test purpose and test cycle.
7.2 Conventional grouping method
7.3 Few-point combination method
7.3.1 This method is to conduct fatigue life tests with a small number of points under
multiple stress levels, to obtain the S-N curve through data fitting. This method can be
used to determine the S-N curve at 50% reliability within the limited life range of the
test gear; it can also be used to estimate the root bending fatigue limit stress σF lim, or
can be used for comparative testing of the bending fatigue performance of test gears
under different materials, different processes, different root morphologies.
7.4 Up-down load change method
7.4.1 This method is to set multiple stress levels near the estimated fatigue limit stress
σ'lim after a given number of cycles, to obtain the fatigue limit stress based on the rising
and falling distribution of failure or overshoot of the test point. This method can be used
to determine the tooth root bending fatigue limit stress σF lim more accurately.
7.5 Step loading method
7.5.1 This method is based on the Palmgren-Miner rule. It uses only one failure test
point and quickly obtains the fatigue limit stress by step-up loading. This method is
particularly suitable for rapid comparison tests of bending fatigue properties of test
gears under different materials, different processes, different tooth root morphologies.
Where there are a lot of test data, this method can also be used to roughly determine the
root bending fatigue limit stress σF lim.
7.6 Other methods
This document does not exclude other test methods, but the method shall meet the
requirements of sampling and mathematical statistics and reach an agreement with the
test entrusting party or data user. For example, when using the orthogonal method for
comparative testing, each comparative factor shall have at least 3 test points.
7.7 Comparison of various test methods
The processing results and test cycles occupied by different test methods in 7.2 ~ 7.5
are compared, see Table 2.
8 Test equipment
8.1 Test machine
8.1.1 Running type
8.1.1.1 Requirements
8.1.2 Pulsation type
8.1.2.1 Equipment requirements
8.2 Test gear
8.2.1 Main parameters
8.2.1.1 For basic data test of gear (or gear material), it should select cylindrical gear
with module number mn = 2 mm ~ 6 mm. The accuracy shall meet the requirements of
level 5 ~ 7 in GB/T 10095 (all parts); the basic tooth profile shall meet the requirements
of GB/T 1356.The parameter range in Table 3 can be selected first; the parameter
matching shall avoid fatigue pitting or bonding during the test.
8.2.2 Technical requirements
In order to ensure the standardization of the test and the traceability of the problem, the
design and manufacture of the test gear shall form a formal technical document,
including 7 main items, such as geometric design, strength analysis, material control,
blank forming, heat treatment, machining, surface strengthening (if necessary,
additional contents can be added).
9 Failure criteria
If any of the following situations occurs during the test, the gear teeth shall be judged
to have failed due to bending fatigue.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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