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GB 12476.10-2010: [GB/T 12476.10-2010] Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust -- Part 10: Test methods -- Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures
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[GB/T 12476.10-2010] Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust -- Part 10: Test methods -- Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 12476.10-2010 (GB12476.10-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | [GB/T 12476.10-2010] Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust -- Part 10: Test methods -- Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K35 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.260.20 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,166 | | Date of Issue | 2010-08-09 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-08-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 2900.77; GB/T 2900.79; GB/T 6919-1986; GB 12476.8-2010 | | Adopted Standard | IEC 61241-2-3-1994, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 3, 2010 (No. 158 overall) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard provides dust and air mixture is ignited spark needed HVDC Determination of minimum ignition energy. This test method is designed to determine the electrical discharge established on combustible dust and air mixture is ignited with a data capacity. This test method does not apply to a recognized explosives, black powder, dynamite, explosive oxy-combustion, spontaneous combustion substances, or under certain conditions, have similar manifestations of substances or mixtures of these substances. | GB 12476.10-2010: [GB/T 12476.10-2010] Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust -- Part 10: Test methods -- Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures
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Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust.Part 10. Test methods.Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures
ICS 29.260.20
K35
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Combustible dust Electrical Equipment
Part 10. Test methods for dust and air
Determination of minimum ignition energy of the mixture of
Part 10. Testmethods-Methodfordeterminingminimumignition
(IEC 61241-2-3.1994, IDT)
Issued on. 2010-08-09
2011-08-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
4 test apparatus 2
5 Test Sample 2
Program 3 6
Appendix A (informative) Example 5 spark generation system
Annex B (informative) 9 minimum ignition energy of meaning
References 11
Figure A.1 Test Report Form 6
Figure A.2 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- by using a three-pole auxiliary spark discharge system 7
Figure A.3 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- motion by the discharge electrode 7
Figure A.4 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- boost through discharge 8
Figure A.5 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- discharge circuit discharge transformer 8
Table B.1 different types of static ignition capacity of 90,000
Foreword
All technical content in this section is mandatory.
GB 12476 "combustible dust electrical equipment" is divided into several parts.
--- Part 1. General requirements
--- Part 2. Selection and installation
--- Part 3. combustible dusts exist or may exist Classification of hazardous areas
--- Part 4. Intrinsic safety "iD"
--- Part 5. Housing protection type "tD"
--- Part 6. protective encapsulation "mD"
--- Part 7. protective positive pressure "pD"
--- Part 8. Test methods for determining the minimum ignition temperature of a dust
--- Part 9. Test method for determination of the dust layer resistivity
--- Part 10. Test methods for dust and air mixture Determination of minimum ignition energy
This section is part GB 1,012,476, equivalent using IEC 61241-2-3.1994 "combustible dust Electrical apparatus
Part 2. Test methods - Section 3. a mixture of dust and air minimum ignition energy measurement method "(in English).
This part of IEC 61241-2-3.1994 includes the following editorial changes.
--- Remove the IEC 61241-2-3.1994 Foreword;
--- Increase the national standard foreword.
This section of the Appendices A and B are informative appendices.
This part is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association.
This part of the National explosion-proof electrical equipment Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC9) centralized.
This part mainly drafted by. Explosion Protection Electric Institute.
This part of the main participants. National explosion-proof electrical products for Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Fushun Branch Coal Research Institute, a positive Explosion-proof electrical
Limited.
The main drafters of this section. Shu towards Chen in school, Zhang Haiou, Huang Jianfeng, Li Chang recorded.
Combustible dust Electrical Equipment
Part 10. Test methods for dust and air
Determination of minimum ignition energy of the mixture of
1 Scope
GB 12476 of the provisions of this part of the dust and air mixture is ignited by a high voltage direct current required minimum spark ignition energy measurement party
law. This test method is intended to establish electrical discharge data for determining combustible dust and air mixture whether the ignition capability. Subjects
Dust presents state (particle size, moisture content, etc.) should be representative of the actual use, in order to produce the actual dangers to be assessed. The party
Determination of the ignition energy can be compared with other dust ignition energy, for assessing the electrical or electrostatic discharge caused by ignition of the respective risk
To determine whether the electrical equipment suitable for installation in the presence of combustible dust in the workplace.
This test method is not applicable recognized Explosives, gunpowder, dynamite, oxygen-free combustion explosives, spontaneously combustible materials, or in certain conditions
With or mixtures of these substances similar forms of substance. If you suspect an explosion characteristics of danger may be a small amount of dust above
Placed on the heated surface of the apparatus described in GB 12476.8-2010 heated to 400 deg.] C to obtain indicators.
NOTE. should take some measures to protect the test personnel from fire and explosion hazards and/or burning effects, including toxic gas formed by combustion. Consistent with national
Standard home does not exempt their share liability.
This section includes the relevant Appendix B Electrostatic Discharge minimum ignition energy efficient guidelines.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this Part of GB 12476, constitute provisions of this part. For dated reference documents
Member, all subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this section, however, encouraged to reach under this section
Parties to research agreement to use the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this
section.
GB/T 2900.77 Electrotechnical terminology for electric and electronic measurements and instrumentation - Part 1. General term measurements (GB/T 2900.77-
2008, IEC 60050 (300-311).2001, IDT)
GB/T 2900.79 Electrotechnical terminology for electric and electronic measurements and instrumentation - Part 3. Types of electrical measuring instruments
(GB/T 2900.79, IEC 60050 (300-311).2001, IDT)
GB/T 6919-1986 air quality vocabulary (eqvISO 4225. 1980)
GB 12476.8-2010 combustible dust electrical equipment - Part 8. Determination of the minimum ignition temperature of dust Test Method
Method (IEC 61241-2-1.1994, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
GB 12476 that this part of GB/T 2900.77, GB/T 2900.79 established in the following terms and definitions.
3.1
Dust dust
In the air can settle down on its own weight, but also sustainable solid fine particles suspended in the air for some time.
Note. GB/T 6919, the present definition includes "dust" and "grit."
3.2
Combustible dust combustibledust
After mixing with air can burn dust.
Note 1. combustible dust mixture only within a certain range of concentrations to burn.
Note 2. The external source of ignition of combustible dust can be ignited, continues to burn at ambient temperature, but they are only the minimum ignition temperature above its self-combustion.
3.3
Spark discharge sparkdischarge
Potential difference exists between the two conductors of electrical discharges moment. Spark is an ion across a gap between two conductors to a single electrical
Form passage from discontinuous release.
3.4
The minimum ignition energy (combustible dust and air mixture) minimumignitionenergy (ofacombustibledust/air
mixture)
Capable of igniting the flammable mixture of air and dust, and it continued to burn spark (measured in accordance with this part of the program) the lowest energy.
3.5
Ignition ignition
During the test, when the following conditions be considered when ignited.
--- Pressure rises above the sealed container (ie 20L spherical vessel) the pressure measured in the ignition sparks at least 20kPa; or
--- Flame tube from the open style (ie. Hartley Man tube Hartmanntube) position sparks occur within the spread at least 6cm.
3.6
Ignition delay time ignitiondelaytime
Dust and spray times between the spark discharge occurs.
4 test device
4.1 spark generating circuit
Appendix A lists some suitable circuit form, all of these circuits should have the following characteristics. The following only relates to a circuit.
--- Discharge circuit inductance. 1mH ~ 2mH, when the data used to assess the risk of 25μH inductance not exceeding electrostatic discharge circuit when
except;
--- Discharge circuit resistance (Ω). as low as possible, and not more than 5Ω;
--- Electrode material; stainless steel, brass, copper, or tungsten;
Electrode diameter and shape. 2.0mm ± 0.5mm. Use spherical electrode to reduce the impact on the corona electrode tip, pointed electricity
Can produce extremely erroneous spark energy value. If you use a pointed electrode, the corona impact should be carefully considered.
--- Electrode gap. 6mm (minimum);
--- Capacitance. low inductance and capacitance, resistance to inrush current;
--- Distribution electrode capacity. as low as possible;
--- Insulating material between the electrodes. sufficient to prevent leakage current.
Note. In general, the minimum resistance for 1mJ minimum ignition energy requirements between the electrodes is 1012Ω, 100mJ minimum ignition energy required minimum resistance
To 1010Ω.
4.2 Test container
The test vessel is recommended for 20L spherical container or Hartley Man tube. These containers in Ref. [6] and [7] are described. as long as
6.2 meet the calibration requirements, other containers may also be used.
5 test sample
The test shall be carried out on a sample equivalent to actual plant conditions established. The minimum ignition energy with decreasing particle size decreases. test
In the test with the actual use shall particle size consistent or finer than the actual use, the sample or the finest material.
The ratio should be prepared for the test, the sample through a fixed method, the particle size and moisture content fixed.
Note. If the particle size of the material is unknown, the test should be performed on a size of less than 63μm particles.
The minimum ignition energy with decreasing particle size decreases. Should check whether the particle size of the sample may appear on behalf of the finest in the factory
The particulate material, the test should be performed on a size of less than 63μm particles.
6 Program
6.1 Description
At atmospheric and ambient temperature, the test will be evenly sprayed flammable dust into a suitable device, so that dust and air mixture bear charge
Spark capacitor discharge generated.
Discharge energy calculated by the following formula.
W = 0.5C × U2
Where.
W --- stored energy, J;
C --- Total discharge capacity, F;
The U --- charging capacitor voltage, V.
Note 1. When the spark energy than 100mJ, spark resistance will become very small, compared with the spark resistance, circuit resistance can not be ignored, especially when the circuit with
1mH magnitude of inductance coil. In this case, the spark of static energy obtained by the following formula.
W = I (t) U (t) dt
Where.
I (t) --- spark current;
U (t) --- spark voltage.
Obtained by measuring both.
Note 2. For more information spark energy calculation in Appendix A.
We need to consider the following factors may have an impact on the test.
--- Pneumatic dust and air mixture (ie ignition delay time, spraying pressure);
--- Dust concentration;
--- Voltage to charge the capacitor;
--- Capacitor capacitance;
--- Discharge circuit inductance;
--- Discharge circuit resistance ([Omega);
--- Material and size of the electrode, the electrode gap.
To reduce the cost of the test, each test device uses nominal dimensions and the minimum electrode gap electrode containing a specific material. Discharge circuit
Resistance should be kept as small as possible (see Chapter 4).
Caused by the actual test dust ignition spark energy is beginning to adjust the concentration of dust and dust sprinkled parameters (ie ignition delay time and spraying
Pressure), to form the most flammable dust clouds. Use the best ignition timing adjustment capacitor capacitance and/or electric charge it through
Pressure, the spark energy gradually reduced by half, until successive 20 tests does not appear until the ignition.
NOTE. When using 20L spherical container tested, should adopt the ignition delay time 120ms.
The minimum ignition energy between W min 20 consecutive attempts to ignite a mixture of air and dust ignition does not occur and the maximum continuous power W
20 attempts to ignite the lowest energy ignition occurs between W2.
W1 \u003cW min\u003cW2
6.2 Calibration
Calibration test should be carried out with reference to the three dust. Before measuring, three kinds of dust should be under atmospheric conditions at 50 ℃ dried
24h.
The results should be within the following ranges.
Lycopodium. W min = 5mJ ~ 15mJ, an average particle diameter of 31 m;
Smoke Hua Shi. W min = 2mJ ~ 6mJ, an average particle diameter of 18μm;
Polyacrylonitrile. W min = 2mJ ~ 6mJ, an average particle diameter of 27μm.
Each sample shall be marked dust spraying parameters including ignition delay time.
6.3 Test Report
When tested in accordance with the provisions of this section shall provide test reports, records and information 6.3.3 6.3.1,6.3.2 listed. Although involved
Range limits and minimum ignition energy of dust concentration value should be recorded by the laboratory, but divided by the total weight of the dust explosion container values are generally not included
In a test report.
6.3.1 Features
--- Sample grade (name and chemical species, if the name does not contain);
--- Sample source or provenance;
--- Sample pretreatment;
--- If available, the particle size distribution, moisture content, and characteristics of the data given no pretreatment.
6.3.2 The test device characteristics
--- Discharge;
--- Explosive containers;
--- Dust spray system;
--- Total discharge circuit inductance;
--- Charging voltage, electrode materials and the optimization of the length of the discharge gap circuit.
6.3.3 Results
--- No longer appears in the highest energy W1 ignited;
--- Appears when the minimum ignition energy W2.
6.3.4 Report Shape
Suitable examples of reporting format shown in Figure A.1.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Spark system example
A.1 Overview
A.2, A.3, A.4 and A.5 cited with Four spark the occurrence of a circuit diagram of the test. Different explosion container can use these
Example, as long as the dust spray to achieve the best, and to take appropriate measures to prevent dust sprinkled over a large container because electrostatic charge phenomenon
The boundary effects occur, these phenomena include auxiliary capacitor charging/discharging.
If the process of charging the storage capacitor electrode and a state of separation, then when it is connected to the electrode, due to increased capacity and the emergence of
Voltage spark energy to reduce impact on the calculation should be considered. In calculating the energy, the total capacitance of the discharge circuit and the voltage should be discharging
Be considered.
A.2 By using the system to produce a three-pole auxiliary spark discharge
The overall arrangement of the test apparatus shown in Figure A.2.
The basic element is a three-pole spark gap, wherein the diode is formed having a diameter of 3.2mm main spark arrester (1), over the long
After the end of the reduced diameter of 20mm 2mm. End of the auxiliary electrode (2) to the main spark gap is curved, the length of the bent portion
20mm. The electrode arrangement is mounted within Hartley Mann pipe opening, but also suitable for installation in the other explosive containers.
Subsequently, the mixture was stirred in the apparatus to a predetermined amount of dust is added, so that the tube in place. High-pressure charger (HVCU), by charging
Resistor R has to store ignition energy test capacitance C (20pF ~ 10000pF), the charging current is limited to 1mA. Control device
CF discharge try to ignite the mixture of dust and air. Before each attempt to discharge, the discharge is first sprayed into the dust in suspension means
After a predetermined time interval, the auxiliary spark discharge through the main spark capacitor discharge test.
Energy auxiliary circuit is limited to no more than one-tenth of the main discharge circuit energy.
A.3 moving through the electrode discharge
The overall arrangement of the test apparatus shown in Figure A.3.
Polytetrafluoroethylene stopper block (2) penetrate diode, diode mounting holes in the open type Hartley Man tube (1). With a hole on a stopper block wear
Through the electrodes (3), the electrode can be moved. One of them on the ground electrode and the micrometer screw (4) is connected to the spindle, micrometer yoke shortened,
Improved clamping de Man Ha tube. Another high-voltage electrode and the only access to the adjustable, pneumatic reciprocating piston (6) (a nominal diameter of the piston
35mm, working pressure of 600kPa) is connected to the lever, operating range of the piston is 10mm, attached to a Teflon insulation (5).
A high voltage electrode and the capacitor (7) electrical connection, the capacitance between 26pF ~ 311μF. Charging the capacitor voltage electrostatic voltmeter
(8) is displayed. After disconnecting the generator from the high-voltage capacitor circuit (9), from the pressure vessel (10) to electrically - pneumatically releasing air pressure
Pressure within the container below the spray pressure of suspended dust. After the timer (11) set delay time, the high voltage electrode incident provisions
Location spark gap length, electrical energy stored then released in a spark arrester.
A.4 boost discharge (trickle charging circuit)
The overall arrangement of the test apparatus shown in Figure A.4.
Trickle charging circuit is one of the known energy spark easiest method for manufacturing the most energy for measuring dust and air mixture
Small ignition energy.
High-voltage DC power supply capacitor potential rises slowly, until a spark occurs. Then repeat the operation generates a series of sparks, each fire
The same energy spent. The circuit is equipped with a resistance value of the limiting resistor between 108Ω ~ 109Ω of. Brought coupled with resistance at 108Ω ~
109Ω series resistance between the electrostatic voltmeter potential capacitance. Using this circuit, by varying the capacitance changes when necessary, discharge
Pressure can be easily manufactured in any order of spark 1mJ above.
Setpoint before dust loading container determine the energy required to ignite the spark, select the appropriate parameters of the capacitor, the voltage range of 10kV ~
Choose between 30kV. Try adjusting the voltage to the electrode gap and the energy required to spark appeared on the electrode, which is determined by the energy 0.5CU2.
Wherein, U is the voltage spark, C is the total capacitance of the high voltage electrode, using conventional AC bridge measurements. For ignition test,
High voltage electrode is grounded, the required number of spare dust sprayed into the cup, the DC power into the circuit. When started by the spark electrodes, gas
Stream so that dust spray. Record whether ignition, combustion appliances if there is spread from the spark discharge.
The first test is usually formed 500mJ high energy spark, if ignited, then gradually reduce the spark energy, repeat the test until
6.1 No provision ignition occurs.
A.5 system by using a standard two-pole auxiliary spark discharge
The overall arrangement of the test apparatus shown in Figure A.5.
The non-inductive circuit during the test can not be used. C is the capacitance with initial discharge voltage U. Capacitance range from 40pF to down
Multiples of 10 to gradually reduce the variable voltage changes down from 1000V (400V ~ 500V is actually the minimum level) can be obtained
The large range of options 0.5CU2. Spark discharge is started at a predetermined time, if the time requirements of the spark discharge and transient dust cloud sync
Formation is very important, then it constitutes a major element by capacitive CTr, and the discharge switch S transformer T primary winding discharge circuit to complete
The initial spark discharge. Off switch, resulting in a peak of approximately 15kV high-voltage pulse transformer secondary winding, the breakdown spark gap
G, so that the main capacitor C discharges. Trials have shown that less than 2mJ ~ 5mJ by spark discharge spark arrester input energy drop
Low very difficult. Therefore, this method applies only to spark discharge energy exceeds 5mJ situation.
Sparks in a conventional manner, generated by measuring the electrical current and voltage spark discharge on determining different combinations of C and U when net energy
Amount, as the time - time power curve integral function. The diode is to produce unidirectional discharge, the discharge of the transformer secondary winding from
Feeling suitably 1mH ~ 2mH.
Measured in accordance with the minimum GB 12476.10 dust and air mixture ignition energy
1) Product Features
Sample Grade.
Sample No.
Samples provenance...
Sample pretreatment.
Particle size (i.e.. median, range, maximum).
Moisture content.
2) Test apparatus
Discharge.
Explosion container.
Dust spray system.
Total inductance.
Electrode discharge gap.
Charging voltage.
result
\u003cWmin\u003c
Date. Signature.
Figure A.1 Test Report Form
AC --- auxiliary circuit;
CF --- control means;
M --- gauges;
MV --- solenoid valves;
V --- shut-off valve;
C --- test capacitance;
HVCU --- charger;
L --- inductance;
R --- charging resistor.
Figure A.2 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- by using a three-pole auxiliary spark discharge system
(1) --- open type Hartley Man tube;
(2) --- polytetrafluoroethylene stopper block;
(3) --- electrode;
(4) --- micrometer screw;
(5) --- Teflon insulation member;
(6) --- reciprocating pneumatic piston;
(7) --- capacitance;
(8) --- electrostatic voltmeter;
(9) --- high-voltage generator (8 to 10kV);
(10) --- pressure vessel;
(11) --- timer.
Figure A.3 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- motion by the discharge electrode
Figure A.4 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- By boosting discharge
C --- main capacitor;
CTr --- excitation circuit capacitance;
D --- diode;
S --- switch;
T --- Transformers;
G --- sparker.
Figure A.5 Determination of minimum ignition energy of dust device (schematic) --- discharge discharge circuit transformer
Appendix B
(Informative)
The minimum ignition energy of meaning
Measure the minimum ignition energy of action although not within the limits specified in this section or the scope of the security measures, but the measured values of the industrial installation
There are some home safety significance.
There are several types of discharge to be considered, they are.
--- Corona, from small round tip or spherical conductor;
--- Brush-shaped, insulated from the bulk powder or solid particles;
--- Cone, from the high insulation particles;
--- Propagation shaped brush shape, insulated from the surface of polarization;
---spark.
The most detailed description of these discharges and form a visible reference [11], this measuring method B.1 with their ability to ignite the Table
Small ignition energy.
Table B.1 different types of electrostatic ignition capability
Discharge type ignition capability minimum ignition energy/mJ
In addition to the corona dust cloud ignited outside Explosives 0.1
Brush mixture can ignite different states and highly sensitive 3 or less dust
Cone can ignite most flammable dust with a material volume increases
Brush-shaped propagation can ignite most flammable dust is usually the focus of the following numbers
Spark can ignite any combustible dust infinity
Sparks is the strongest type of electrostatic discharge can ignite flammable mixture of a wider scope. The basic measures to prevent flammable spark discharge
Shi is to ensure that plant or equipment effectively grounded conductive member.
To give a large safety margin, allowing the change in resistance over a certain time, it is recommended conductive member grounding resistance of less than
108Ω.
Maximum Security conductive member of the Inter-resistance (R) of the system can be determined by the maximum electrostatic charge current (I).
100V has been determined and spark discharge does not occur below ignite formed, mainly because of the distance through the spark arrester to
Far less than its off distance.
Use Ohm's law and the maximum voltage of 100V, is determined by the following formula Maximum Security Resistance.
R = 100VI
Most of the type of operation the maximum charging current is 10-6A, maximum safety grounding resistance in these cases is 1 × ...
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