GB 18352.6-2016 PDF English
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Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
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GB 18352.6-2016: Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB18352.6-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Partly replacing GB 18352.5-2013
Limits and measurement methods for emissions from
light-duty vehicles
(CHINA 6)
Issued on: DECEMBER 23, 2016
Implemented on: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Ministry of Environmental Protection of P. R. China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 5
1 Scope... 8
2 Normative references... 9
3 Terms and definitions... 10
4 Pollution control requirements... 17
5 Type inspection... 18
6 Type inspection extension... 28
7 Production consistency... 35
8 In-use conformity... 41
9 Implementation of standard... 42
1 Scope
This standard applies to light-duty vehicles (including hybrid electric vehicles)
powered by ignition engines or compression-ignition engines with a maximum
design speed of 50 km/h or more.
This standard specifies the emission limits and measurement methods for
exhaust emissions at normal temperature and low temperature, real driving
emission (RDE) exhaust emissions, crankcase pollutants, evaporative
emissions, and refueling pollutants, as well as the technical requirements and
measurement methods for the pollutant control device durability and on-board
diagnostics (OBD) systems of light-duty vehicles which are equipped with
ignition type engine.
This standard specifies the emission limits and measurement methods for
exhaust emissions at normal temperature and low temperature, real driving
emission (RDE) exhaust emissions, crankcase pollutants, as well as the
technical requirements and measurement methods for the pollutant control
device durability and on-board diagnostics (OBD) systems of light-duty vehicles
which are equipped with compression-ignition type engine.
This standard specifies the requirements and confirmation of light-duty vehicle
type inspection, production conformance and in-use conformity inspection and
determination methods.
This standard also specifies special requirements for the light-duty vehicles
which use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or natural gas (NG).
This standard also specifies the type inspection procedures for pollutant
emissions of the alternative pollutant control devices which are used as an
independent technology assembly and proposed to be installed on light-duty
vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents or clauses therein are referenced in this standard. For
undated references, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
GB 1495 Limits and measurement methods for noise emitted by accelerating
motor vehicles
GB 3847 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke from C.I.E.
(Compression Ignition Engine) and vehicle equipped with C.I.E.
GB 7258 Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 17691 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust emissions from
compression ignition and gas fueled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III
IV V)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Light-duty vehicle
The category M1, M2, and N1 vehicles with a maximum design total mass of
no more than 3500 kg.
3.2
Vehicle of category M1, M2, N1 and N2
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 15089.
Category M1 vehicle refers to a passenger vehicle that includes no more
than nine seats including a driver's seat.
Category M2 vehicle refers to a passenger vehicle that includes more than
nine seats including a driver's seat, and a maximum design mass of no more
than 5000 kg.
Category N1 vehicle refers to a goods vehicle with a maximum design total
mass not exceeding 3500 kg.
Category N2 vehicle refers to a goods vehicle that has a maximum design
total mass of more than 3500kg but does not exceed 12000 kg.
4 Pollution control requirements
4.1 Type inspection requirements
4.1.1 The vehicles produced and imported by the vehicle production enterprises
(including imported vehicle enterprises) are subject to type inspection in
accordance with this standard. A type inspection of a vehicle type includes
exhaust emissions, real exhaust emissions, crankcase pollutants, evaporative
emissions, refueling process pollutants, pollution control device durability, and
OBD systems.
4.1.2 In order to carry out the tests described in clause 5, a vehicle that can
represent a type inspection model shall be selected for testing. Two identical
sets of canisters are selected for the test when performing type IV and type VII
tests.
4.1.3 To carry out the tests described in J.4 and J.5, a vehicle that can represent
the OBD family shall be selected. If the vehicle manufacturer is not sure that
the selected vehicle can fully represent the model or family of vehicles
described in Appendix JB, one more vehicle shall be added for the tests
described in J.4 and J.5.
4.1.4 If the technical requirements of all aspects specified in clause 5 are met,
the model passes the type inspection. Type inspection report is shown in
Appendix B.
4.1.5 The vehicle manufacturer or testing organization shall seal the prototype
of the type inspection for one year for future reference. After one year, the ECU
of the prototype will be sealed for future reference.
4.1.6 The competent department of environmental protection shall confirm the
results of the type inspection in accordance with the method specified in
Appendix N of this standard.
4.2 Environmental production consistency and in-use conformity
4.2.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall ensure the consistency of environmentally
friendly production of mass-produced vehicles in accordance with the
provisions of this standard, and in accordance with the requirements of
Appendix N of this standard, provide the materials for production consistency
assurance to the competent environmental protection authorities.
4.2.2 Vehicle manufacturers shall ensure the in-use conformity of vehicles in
accordance with the provisions of this standard, and in accordance with the
requirements of Appendix O of this standard, provide the in-use conformity
related materials to the competent environmental protection authorities.
4.3 Information disclosure
Vehicle manufacturers shall disclose the relevant pollution control and
inspection information in Appendix A and Appendix B. If the relevant contents
concern to the company's confidential information, they may be disclosed after
technical processing.
5 Type inspection
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Components affecting exhaust emissions, real driving emissions,
crankcase pollutants, evaporative emissions and refueling emissions, durability
of pollution control devices, and OBD systems shall be designed, manufactured,
and assembled to meet the requirements of this standard under the normal
conditions of use regardless of the type of vibration encountered.
5.1.2 The production enterprise shall adopt technical measures to ensure that
the vehicle can effectively control its exhaust emissions, actual exhaust
emissions, crankcase pollutants, evaporative emissions, and refueling
emissions within the limits specified in this standard under normal use
conditions and normal life span. This also includes hoses and their joints used
in emission control systems, as well as the reliability of individual wiring, which
shall be manufactured to meet their original design requirements.
All vehicles shall be equipped with an OBD system that shall be designed,
manufactured, and installed on the vehicle to ensure that the vehicle recognizes
and records the type of degradation or failure throughout its full life.
It is forbidden to use defeat devices.
During the full life of the vehicle, the technical measures taken by the production
enterprises and the OBD system of the vehicle equipment shall not be
transformed, unless it is necessary to solve the problem of vehicle emission
defects, and the manufacturer has given written explanation of the
transformation.
5.1.3 One of the following measures shall be taken to prevent excessive
evaporative emissions or fuel spillage due to the loss of the fuel tank cap.
(1) Automatically opened and closed fuel tank caps that cannot be
removed;
(2) To prevent excessive evaporative emissions caused by the loss of the
fuel tank cap from the structural design;
(3) Any other measures with the same effect. For example, fastened fuel
tank cap; or otherwise the fuel tank cap is locked, and the vehicle
ignition share the same key, and the key can only be removed when
the fuel tank cap is locked.
5.1.4 Safety provisions for electronic control systems
5.2 Type inspection test items
The test items required for different types of vehicles during type inspection are
as shown in Table 1.
5.3 Test description and requirements
6 Type inspection extension
For the vehicles that have been type-tested in accordance with this standard,
the results can be extended to other vehicle models that meet the following
requirements. Vehicle models that have passed type inspection are reference
models (evaporative or refueling emissions tests are based on the worst
performing models, for example, for the vehicle models with the largest fuel
tank capacity relative to the working capacity of the canister, if this ratio is same,
it shall select the vehicle models having the minimum desorption amount), the
other models are extended models. The extended models and reference
models meeting the requirements of 6.1 and 6.2 belong to the same exhaust
emission system family; the extended models and reference models meeting
the requirements of 6.3 belong to the same evaporative emission system family;
the extended models and reference models meeting the requirements of 6.4
belong to the same OBD family; the extended model and reference models
meeting the requirements of 6.5 belong to the same durability family.
6.1 Extensions related to exhaust emissions (type I, type II, and type VI
tests)
6.1.1 Basic engine features and parameters
The engine's model, production plant, fuel type, rated power, and fuel injection
method (direct injection, non-direct injection) are the same.
6.1.2 Pollution control device
6.1.2.1 The following pollution control devices have the same specifications and
6.1.3 Test mass
6.1.3.1 If the test mass is less than 1.03 times the test mass of the reference
vehicle model, it can be extended to this vehicle model.
6.1.3.2 For vehicles of category II, if the test mass of the vehicle to be extended
is less than 1.03 times the test mass of the reference vehicle model, and the
pollutant emissions measured by the reference vehicle are within the limits
specified by the vehicle to be extended, it can be extended to this vehicle model.
6.1.4 Overall transmission ratio
Under the following conditions, the reference vehicle model can be extended to
other vehicle models with only different transmission ratios.
6.1.4.1 For each transmission ratio used in type I and type VI tests, the ratio
must be determined.
Where, V1 and V2 are the speeds corresponding to the reference vehicle model
and the required extension model when the engine speed is 1000 r/min.
6.1.4.2 For each transmission ratio, if E ≤ 8%, it can be extended to this vehicle
model without the need to repeat type I and type VI tests.
6.1.5 Vehicle models with different test mass and transmission ratio
As long as the conditions specified in 6.1.3 and 6.1.4 above are fully met, a
model that has passed the type inspection can be extended to other vehicle
models with different test mass and transmission ratio.
6.1.6 The same drive type
Two-wheel drive and non-full-time four-wheel drive vehicle models can be
extended to each other, full-time four-wheel drive can be one-way extended to
two-wheel drive. The drive type is divided into. two-wheel drive, non-full-time
four-wheel drive (by manual or software switching drive mode), full-time four-
wheel drive (drive mode cannot be switched manually or through software).
7.1 Basic requirements
7.1.1 In order to ensure that mass-produced vehicles, systems, components,
and independent technology assemblies are in line with the status after type
inspection, and that the emission of the mass-produced vehicle is up to
standard, the manufacturer shall formulate and implement a production
consistency assurance plan for each vehicle model family. A production
consistency assurance plan may include one or more emission family.
7.1.2 Vehicle manufacturer shall formulate a production consistency assurance
plan before mass production of vehicles and report to the competent
department of environmental protection for registration. For specific
requirements of the production consistency assurance plan for vehicle
manufacturers, see Appendix N. OBD's production consistency assurance shall
also meet the requirements of JA.7 in Appendix J.
7.1.3 If a non-conformity occurs, the vehicle manufacturer shall re-establish the
production consistency assurance system as soon as possible, and shall
include the vehicle models of the same family that may be affected by the same
defects.
7.1.4 In the production consistency test, all the tests except the type II and type
V tests shall use the reference fuel that meets the requirements of Appendix K.
The type II and type V tests shall use the commercially available vehicle fuel
which is in conformity with the CHINA 6 gasoline/diesel standard. For the use
of fuel types not included in Appendix K, the commercially available vehicle
fuels that comply with the relevant national standards shall be used.
7.2 Type I test production consistency inspection
7.2.1 When the test is carried out, if the type-tested vehicle has one or more
extensions, this test can be carried out on the vehicle model described in
Appendix A or on the relevant extended model.
7.2.2 After the competent department of environmental protection selects the
production consistency inspection prototype, the manufacturer shall not make
any adjustment to the selected prototype.
7.2.2.1 Three vehicles shall be arbitrarily selected in batch products of the same
family and the tests shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of
Appendix C. The test results shall be corrected by using the deterioration factor
of the type inspection report and shall meet the requirements of 5.3.1.4.
7.2.2.2 Production consistency inspection results are determined in accordance
with the following criteria.
- If the emission results of various pollutants of three vehicles do not exceed
1.1 times the limit, and the average value does not exceed the limit, the
production consistency inspection of the type I test is determined as
qualified.
- If a certain pollutant emission result of any of the three vehicles exceeds
1.1 times the limit value, or if the average value exceeds the limit value, the
production consistency inspection of the type I test is determined as
disqualified.
7.2.3 Samples shall be taken directly from the vehicles that are qualified or in
the sale to perform test.
7.3 Production consistency inspection of type II test
7.3.1 Randomly select one of the three vehicles drawn from 7.2 and carry out
this test in accordance with Appendix D. If this vehicle satisfies the requirements
of 5.3.2.2, the production consistency of the type II test is determined to meet
the requirements.
7.3.2 If this vehicle does not meet the production consistency requirements of
the type II test, if the manufacturer submits a written application, the
environmental protection authority shall test the other two vehicles drawn in 7.2
in accordance with Appendix D. If both vehicles meet the requirements of
5.3.2.2, the production consistency of the type II test is determined to meet the
requirements. Otherwise, the production consistency of the type II test does not
meet the requirements.
7.4 Production consistency inspection of type III test
7.4.1 When performing the type III tests, it shall be performed for all vehicles
drawn in 7.2.
7.4.2 When tested in accordance with Appendix E, the measurement results
shall meet the requirements of 5.3.3.2.
8 In-use conformity
8.1 For vehicle models that have passed the pollutant emission type inspection,
the manufacturer shall take appropriate measures to ensure the in-use
conformity. In-use conformity inspection requirements are as shown in
Appendix O.
8.2 The in-use conformity inspection procedure shall confirm that the pollution
control device is always functioning properly under normal conditions of use
and during the useful life of the vehicle.
8.3 The in-use conformity inspection shall cover the useful life span of all
vehicles. The manufacturer shall conduct at least the in-use conformity self-
inspection at least once a year, ensure that the requirements for self-
examination of vehicles with low mileage (10000 - 60000 km), medium mileage
(60000 - 110000 km) and high mileage (110000 - 160000 km) are completed
within 8 years. The production enterprise shall report the results to the
competent department of environmental protection every year.
8.4 The manufacturer shall record detailed information on the OBD failures
recorded during the claims, repairs, and maintenances of the relevant parts of
the emission warranty (see Appendix AB of Appendix A), the frequency and
cause of the associated parts and system failures shall also be recorded in
detail.
For the parts with fault maintenance rate exceeding 4%, it shall submit a report
to the competent department of environmental protection within 30 working
days.
8.5 The competent department of environmental protection conducts in-use
conformity spot checks on the use of vehicles that do not exceed 160000 km
(or 12 years, whichever comes first).
8.6 When it requires taking more vehicles for test in the conformity spot check,
if the manufacturer submits a written application to terminate the test of vehicle
taken, it is determined that the in-use conformity inspection is disqualified.
9 Implementation of standard
9.1 Type inspection
From the date of issuance of this standard, type inspections can be conducted
in accordance with this standard.
9.2 Sales and registration
From July 1, 2020, all light-duty vehicles sold and registered shall comply with
the requirements of this standard. Type I tests shall meet the requirements of
6a limit value. From July 1, 2023, all light-duty vehicles sold and registered shall
meet the requirements of this standard. Type I tests shall meet the requirements
of 6b limit value.
The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government may implement this
standard in advance in areas where conditions are met. The areas that
implement this standard in advance shall report to the competent department
of environmental protection under the State Council for registration before
implementation.
9.3 Production consistency inspection
For light-duty vehicles that have been type-tested in accordance with this
standard, their production consistency inspection shall meet the requirements
of this standard.
9.4 In-use conformity inspection
For light-duty vehicles manufactured, sold and registered in accordance with
the requirements of this standard, the in-use conformity inspection shall meet
the requirements of this standard.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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