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Performance requirements and bench test methods for automobile steering knuckle assembly
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Basic data
| Standard ID | T/CSAE 54-2016 (T/CSAE54-2016) |
| Description (Translated English) | Performance requirements and bench test methods for automobile steering knuckle assembly |
| Sector / Industry | Chinese Industry Standard |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | T40 |
| Classification of International Standard | 43.120 |
| Word Count Estimation | 15,190 |
| Date of Issue | 12/12/2016 |
| Date of Implementation | 12/12/2016 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | China Society of Automotive Engineers |
| Summary | This standard specifies the performance requirements and bench test methods for automotive steering knuckle assemblies. This standard applies to all types of automotive steering knuckle assemblies. |
TCSAE54-2016: Performance requirements and bench test methods for automobile steering knuckle assembly
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
T/CSAE 54-2016
Performance requirements and bench test methods for automobile steering knuckle assembly
Automobile knuckle assembly performance requirements and bench test method
China Automotive Engineering Society released
Content
Foreword... 2
1 Scope...3
2 Normative references...3
3 Terms and Definitions...3
4 Technical requirements...4
4.1 General requirements..5
4.1.1 steering knuckle 5
4.1.2 Product Category 5
4.2 Performance..5
4.2.1 Positive impact 5
4.2.2 Energy absorption impact 5
4.2.3 main pin hole impact 5
4.2.4 Knuckle arm impact 5
4.3 Environment. 5
4.3.1 Corrosion resistance...5
4.4 Reliability..5
4.4.1 Assembly durability 5
4.4.2 Knuckle arm durability 5
5 Test methods...5
5.1 Test conditions..6
5.1.1 Temperature deviation 6
5.1.2 Installation and connection of steering knuckle 6
5.1.3 Testing equipment requirements 6
5.1.4 flaw detection 6
5.2 Performance...6
5.2.1 Positive impact 6
5.2.2 Energy absorption impact 8
5.2.3 main pin hole impact 8
5.2.4 Knuckle arm impact 9
5.3 Environment.10
5.3.1 Corrosion resistance..10
5.4 Reliability.10
5.4.1 Assembly durability..10
5.4.2 Knuckle arm durability..12
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the forward impact test device..7
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the energy absorption impact test device..8
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the main pin hole impact test device..9
T/CSAE XX-2016
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the knuckle arm impact test device..9
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the knuckle assembly durability test device.12
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the knuckle arm durability test device.12
Table 1 Torque list of threaded joints..6
Table 2 Durability loading times.11
T/CSAE XX-2016
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This standard was proposed by the China Automotive Engineering Society to the branch and is under the jurisdiction of the China Automotive Engineering Society.
This standard is drafted by. China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Zhejiang Wanan Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Deng Fei, Hou Zonggang, Liao Mengnan, Yan Wei, Ou Jiafu, Zhao Win
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Zhang Ya, Tang Shengnan, Duan Xiongfei, Zheng Yi, Yang Wenchang, Che Jiali
This standard is the first release.
T/CSAE XX-2016
Automobile knuckle assembly performance requirements and bench test method
1 Scope
This standard specifies the performance requirements and bench test methods for automotive steering knuckle assemblies.
This standard applies to all types of automotive steering knuckle assemblies.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 1.1-2009 Standardization work guide Part 1. Standard structure and preparation (ISO /IEC Directives-Part 2.2004,
NEQ)
GB/T 5179 automobile steering terminology and its definition
GB/T 2828.1-2012. Sampling and sampling procedures - Part 1 . Batch-to-batch sampling plan searched by AQL
GB/T 10125 artificial atmosphere corrosion test salt spray test
General technical conditions for GB/T 13384 mechanical and electrical product packaging
JB/T 4730-2005 Non-destructive testing of pressure equipment
QC/T 238 Storage and storage of auto parts
QC/T 413 Basic technical conditions for automotive electrical equipment
QC/T 484-1999 Automotive paint coating
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 5179 and below apply to this standard.
3.1
Steering knuckle basic parameter essential parameter
According to the product drawing requirements, mainly including the materials, processing and inspection requirements of the steering knuckle.
3.2
Vertical force (FZ) vertical force
The force exerted on the steering knuckle by the wheel grounding point from the height of the vehicle, pointing to the center of the wheel in the positive direction (FZ), and vice versa
Negative direction (FZ-).
3.3
Longitudinal force (FX) longitudinal force
The force exerted on the steering knuckle by the wheel grounding point from the length of the vehicle, pointing to the forward direction of the vehicle (FX), and vice versa
Negative direction (FX-).
3.4
Lateral force (FY) larteral force
T/CSAE XX-2016
The force exerted on the steering knuckle by the wheel grounding point from the width direction of the vehicle, pointing to the direction of the center axis of the vehicle is the positive direction (FY), and vice versa.
It is the negative direction (FY-).
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 steering knuckle
The steering knuckle shall comply with the drawings and technical documentation requirements approved in accordance with the prescribed procedures. The sample should be clean and free of rust, burrs, cracks and
Its surface and internal defects.
4.1.2 Product Classification
4.1.2.1 Products are divided into cast knuckles and forged knuckles according to the type of production.
4.1.2.2 The products are divided into commercial vehicle steering knuckles and passenger car steering knuckles by model.
4.2 Performance
4.2.1 Positive impact
According to the requirements of 5.2.1, the impact test shall be carried out, and the sample shall reach the specified impact energy without cracking, cracking, damage, and the ball pin shall be disengaged.
Impacts such as knuckles affect the performance of the steering knuckle, or 100% flaw detection without cracks.
4.2.2 Energy absorption shock
According to the requirements of 5.2.2, the impact test shall be carried out, and the sample shall not break, crack, break or break the ball.
Impacts such as knuckles affect the performance of the steering knuckle, or 100% flaw detection without cracks. Calculated from the bending part of the shock absorber, the bending angle should be greater than
5°.
4.2.3 main pin hole impact
According to the requirements of 5.2.3, the impact test shall be carried out, and the sample shall not break, crack, break, and the ball pin shall be disengaged.
Impacts such as knuckles affect the performance of the steering knuckle, or 100% flaw detection without cracks.
4.2.4 knuckle arm impact
According to the requirements of 5.2.4, the impact test shall be carried out, and the sample shall not break, crack, break or break the ball.
Impacts such as knuckles affect the performance of the steering knuckle, or 100% flaw detection without cracks.
4.3 Environment
4.3.1 Corrosion resistance
After the corrosion resistance test according to the requirements of 5.3.1, the rust spread under one side of the sample cutting line paint film shall not exceed 2 mm.
4.4 Reliability
4.4.1 Assembly durability
After the assembly durability test according to the requirements of 5.4.1, the sample shall not be damaged, cracked or damaged, which may affect the performance of the steering knuckle.
Injury, or 100% flaw detection without cracks.
4.4.2 Knuckle arm durability
T/CSAE XX-2016
After the knuckle arm durability test is carried out according to the requirements of 5.4.2, the ball joint at the ball joint pin joint is not loose, and the sample shall not be broken after the test.
Cracks, breakage, etc. affect the knuckle performance damage, or 100% flaw detection without cracks.
5 Test methods
5.1 Test conditions
5.1.1 Temperature deviation
This standard specifies that the temperature deviation in the test method is ±2 °C, unless otherwise specified.
5.1.2 Installation and connection of steering knuckle
The installation of the steering knuckle on the test bench must be rigidly and reliably connected. The strength of the test fixture must be greater than the strength of the test specimen. The bolt must
Tighten according to the specified values of the drawings. If there is no regulation, follow the requirements in Table 1.
Table 1 Torque table for threaded joints
Thread type pitch/mm Standard torque value/Nm Torque allowable range/Nm
M10 1.25 60 52-68
M12 1.25 110 100～120
M14 1.5 180 160～200
5.1.3 Testing equipment requirements
5.1.3.1 Automobile steering knuckle assembly impact performance test device
a) The test equipment is a device that can apply an impact load to the knuckle at the impact position. The diameter of the impact surface of the punch is not less than
Φ40 mm;
b) Instruments and instruments that instruct and record the parameters of the test, the accuracy is not less than 2.5;
c) The test fixture and threaded joints are made of 40Cr or SCM435 with a hardness of HRC 39 to 43 and a thread mechanical performance rating of 12.9.
5.1.3.2 Automobile steering knuckle assembly durability test device
a) The power output device of the test equipment shall meet the test requirements;
b) The test rig shall have a device that applies a symmetrical cyclic load of a sinusoidal waveform with an error of no more than 5% applied;
c) Instruments and instruments that instruct and record the parameters of the test, the accuracy is not less than 2.5;
d) The test device shall have an automatic counting device that automatically records the number of tests for durability;
e) The test fixture and threaded joints are made of 40Cr or SCM435, hardness HRC39-43, and thread mechanical performance grade 12.9.
5.1.3.3 Salt spray test chamber
The error between the actual temperature and the set temperature in the test chamber should not exceed ±1 °C; the speed of salt spray settlement requires. after 24 h spray, each
The solution collected by the collector should be 1 cm3/h to 2 cm3/h in terms of 80 cm2.
5.1.4 flaw detection
The steering knuckle is tested by flaw detection. The specific detection method is implemented according to JB/T 4730-2005 "Non-destructive testing standards for pressure equipment".
5.2 Performance
5.2.1 Positive impact
5.2.1.1 Positive normal temperature impact
T/CSAE XX-2016
In front of the vehicle
In the direction
Impact point P
5.2.1.1.1 The impact height h and the impact weight G are determined by both the supplier and the buyer.
5.2.1.1.2 Install the steering knuckle as shown in Figure 1, so that the impact direction is perpendicular to the rim plane, using the quick release mechanism of the test equipment
The punch fell just below the edge of the rim.
5.2.1.1.3 After the test is finished, the weak parts of the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part, the transition rounded root part, etc. are detected and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
Note. X is the distance from the impact point to the center of the hub, ie the maximum radius of the outer edge of the wheel.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the forward impact test device
5.2.1.2 Positive low temperature impact
5.2.1.2.1 After the sample to be tested is placed in a low temperature environment of -40 °C for 8 h, it is taken out for testing.
5.2.1.2.2 Test according to the forward temperature impact test procedure of 5.2.1.1.
Note. When performing the low temperature impact test, the clamping and testing should be completed within 10 minutes.
5.2.2 Energy absorption shock
Rim
Hub axle
Knuckle
T/CSAE XX-2016
5.2.2.1 Energy absorption at room temperature
5.2.2.1.1 The impact height h and the impact weight G are determined by both the supplier and the buyer.
5.2.2.1.2 Install the steering knuckle as shown in Figure 2, using the quick release mechanism of the test equipment, so that the punch falls just outside the shock absorber
Upper end.
5.2.2.1.3 After the test is finished, the weak parts such as the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part and the transition rounded root are tested and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
5.2.2.2 Energy absorption low temperature impact
5.2.2.2.1 The sample to be tested is taken out in a low temperature environment of -40 °C for 8 h and then taken out for testing;
5.2.2.2.2 Test according to the 5.2.2.1 energy absorption normal temperature impact test procedure.
Note. When performing the low temperature impact test, the clamping and test should be completed within 10 minutes.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the energy absorption impact test device
5.2.3 main pin hole impact
5.2.3.1 Main pin hole normal temperature impact
5.2.3.1.1 The impact height h and the impact weight G are determined by both the supplier and the buyer.
5.2.3.1.2 Install the steering knuckle as shown in Figure 3, using the quick release mechanism of the test equipment to allow the punch to fall exactly at the center of the ball.
Set.
5.2.3.1.3 After the test is finished, the weak parts of the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part, the transition rounded root part, etc. are detected and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
5.2.3.2 Main pin hole low temperature impact
5.2.3.2.1 After the sample to be tested is placed in a low temperature environment of -40 °C for 8 h, it is taken out for testing;
5.2.3.2.2 Test according to the 5.2.3.1 main pin hole normal temperature impact test procedure.
Note. When performing the low temperature impact test, the clamping and testing should be completed within 10 minutes.
Shock absorber assembly
Impact bend
Knuckle
T/CSAE XX-2016
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the main pin hole impact test device
5.2.4 knuckle arm impact
5.2.4.1 Knuckle arm normal temperature impact
5.2.4.1.1 The impact height h and the impact weight G are determined by both the supplier and the buyer.
5.2.4.1.2 Install the steering knuckle as shown in Figure 4 a) so that the hub surface is placed horizontally, using the quick release mechanism of the test equipment to allow the punch
Falling falls just in the center of the ball.
5.2.4.1.3 Install the steering knuckle as shown in Figure 4 b) so that the knuckle arm is at an angle to the horizontal plane. This angle should be provided by the manufacturer.
With the quick release mechanism of the test equipment, the punch falls just in the center of the ball. Then impact in the opposite direction of the two angles.
5.2.4.1.4 After the test is completed, the weak parts such as the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part, and the transition rounded root are tested and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
5.2.4.2 Knuckle arm low temperature impact
5.2.4.2.1 After the sample to be tested is placed in a low temperature environment of -40 °C for 8 h, it is taken out for testing;
5.2.4.2.2 Test according to the 5.2.4.1 main pin hole normal temperature impact test procedure.
Note. When performing the low temperature impact test, the clamping and testing should be completed within 10 minutes.
a) b)
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the knuckle arm impact test device
Ball pin
Fasten to actual torque
Knuckle arm
Ball pin h
Fasten to actual torque
Ball pin
Hub face
T/CSAE XX-2016
5.3 Environment
5.3.1 Corrosion resistance
5.3.1.1 Perform the test method specified in 4.1.11a) of QC/T 484-1999.
5.3.1.2 It is required to inspect the sample at intervals of 48 h and record the corrosion of the sample. After 96 h, check each time at 72 h.
After the inspection, the sample should be changed position, and the test time should be at least 150 h.
5.4 Reliability
5.4.1 Assembly durability
5.4.1.1 The sample is mounted on the knuckle bench test bench through the clamp. The force loading direction and loading position are shown in Figure 5. Surrounding connection
As far as possible according to the actual state or the use of solid parts, the tightening torque is carried out according to Table 1.
5.4.1.2 Carry out the loading test according to the number of times specified in Table 2 and the longitudinal force, lateral force and vertical force cycle. The loading frequency is 3 Hz to 5 Hz.
5.4.1.3 The loading force is calculated according to the fatigue test of the drawing. If the drawing does not require it, it is calculated according to the following formula.
a) front steering knuckle
1) Longitudinal force
gGF fX ⋅=− 2
GGF gfX
⋅⋅ = 065.02
2) Lateral force
Y
⋅ = 2
Y
⋅−=− 2
3) Vertical force
5.21
gF ⋅=
gF ⋅=
b) rear steering knuckle
1) Longitudinal force
gGF rX ⋅=− 2
GGF grX
⋅⋅−= 065.02
2) Lateral force
T/CSAE XX-2016
GGF
Y
⋅ = 2
GGF
Y
⋅−=− 2
3) Vertical force
5.21 rZ
GgF ⋅=
32 rZ
GgF ⋅=
In the formula.
G0--full load total mass, kg;
Gf--full front axle load, kg;
Gr--Axis load after full load, kg;
Hg--full load center of mass, m;
L--full load wheelbase, m;
Tf--front track, m;
Tr--rear track, m;
G--9.8 m/s2, gravitational acceleration.
5.4.1.4 During the test, the sample weak area and bolt tightening torque are tested every 1 hour, and the damage and adjustment are recorded.
Torque to the value specified in Table 1.
5.4.1.5 After the test is completed, the weak parts of the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part, the transition rounded root part, etc. shall be tested and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
Table 2 Durability loading times
Working condition loading state action times
Longitudinal force 1.3FX- 1.3FX 75000
Lateral force FY- FY.200000
Vertical force
0 FZ 300000
FZ- 0 100000
T/CSAE XX-2016
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the knuckle assembly durability test device
5.4.2 Knuckle arm durability
5.4.2.1 Install the sample on the steering turret test bench through the clamp, as shown in Figure 6, the loading force acts on the knuckle arm ball pin, plus
The load direction is perpendicular to the direction of the knuckle arm pin axis. The surrounding connections are as far as possible according to the actual state or using solid parts, and the tightening torque is performed according to Table 1.
5.4.2.2 The steering knuckle arm is loaded 1 million times with the maximum output load of the steering gear as the loading load F, and the loading frequency is 3 Hz to 5 Hz.
5.4.2.3 During the test, the sample weak area and bolt tightening torque are tested every 1 hour, and the damage and adjustment are recorded.
Torque to the value specified in Table 1.
5.4.2.4 After the test is completed, the weak parts of the sample mounting hole part, the thin wall part, the transition rounded root part, etc. shall be detected and recorded.
Damage to the damaged part or crack detection by 100% flaw detection.
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the knuckle arm durability test device
lateral force
Vertical force
- +
Knuckle arm
...
