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HJ 596.2-2010: Water quality. Vocabulary. Part 2
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HJ 596.2-2010: Water quality. Vocabulary. Part 2

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Water quality.Vocabulary.Part 2 National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic HJ 596.1~7-2010 replaces GB 6816-86 and GB 11915-89 Water quality vocabulary part two (equivalent to ISO 6107.2-2006) Released on.2010-11-05 2011-03-01 Implementation Ministry of Environmental Protection released HJ 596.1～7-2010 Ministry of Environmental Protection announcement No. 81 of.2010 In order to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", protect the environment, and protect human health, the first part of the Water Quality Vocabulary The seven standards, such as “Division”, are national environmental protection standards and are released. The standard name and number are as follows. First, the first part of the water quality vocabulary (HJ 596.1-2010); Third, the third part of the water quality vocabulary (HJ 596.3-2010); Fourth, the fourth part of the water quality vocabulary (HJ 596.4-2010); V. Water quality vocabulary part 5 (HJ 596.5-2010); 6. The sixth part of the water quality vocabulary (HJ 596.6-2010); 7. Water quality vocabulary Part 7 (HJ 596.7-2010). The above standards have been implemented since March 1,.2011 and published by the China Environmental Science Press. The standard content can be found on the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. From the date of implementation of the above standards, the following two national environmental protection standards approved and issued by the former National Environmental Protection Agency shall be abolished. The name and number are as follows. 1. The first part and the second part of the water quality vocabulary (GB 6816-86); Second, the water quality vocabulary from the third part to the seventh part (GB 11915-89). Special announcement. November 5,.2010

Foreword

To protect the environment and protect human health in order to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control Kang, standardize water quality vocabulary, and develop this standard. This standard is for the first part and the second part of the water quality vocabulary (GB 6816-86) and the third part of the water quality vocabulary ~ Revision of Part VII (GB 11915-89). This standard was first published in 1986 and 1989 respectively. The original drafting unit was China Environmental Monitoring Station. This is the first revision. The revised standard is divided into seven parts. 1. Water quality vocabulary part one; 2. Water quality vocabulary part two; 3. Water quality vocabulary part III; 4. Water quality vocabulary part IV; 5. Water quality vocabulary part five; 6. Part 6 of the water quality vocabulary; 7. Part 7 of the water quality vocabulary. The definition of the vocabulary in this section is a term specifically designed for water quality features, including the terminology of the Water Quality Vocabulary Part II and Definition (including corresponding English terms), which may be the same as the terminology currently published at home and abroad, but when applied to different fields, they The definition may also be different. This part of the vocabulary is equivalent to the international standard "Water Quality Vocabulary Part 2" (ISO 6107.2-2006), English terms and ISO 6107.2-2006 is consistent. Some entries may appear twice, but the interpretation is different and applies to the interpretation of different situations. From the date of implementation of this standard, the national environmental protection standard “Water” approved and issued by the former National Environmental Protection Agency on October 10, 1986 The first part and the second part of the vocabulary (GB 6816-86) and the original National Environmental Protection Agency approved and released on December 25, 1989 The national environmental protection standard "Water Quality Vocabulary Part III - Part 7" (GB 11915-89) is abolished. This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. This standard is mainly drafted by. China Environmental Monitoring Center, Liaoning Provincial Environmental Monitoring Experimental Center. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on November 5,.2010. This standard has been implemented since March 1,.2011. This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Water quality vocabulary part two

1 Scope of application

This standard specifies the terms that are specifically provided for water quality characteristics.

2 noun terms

2.1 Proportional sampling proportional sampling The technique of sampling from flowing water, in the case of discontinuous sampling, the sampling frequency or the flow rate of continuous sampling is proportional to the flow rate of the water being collected. 2.2 pasteurization pasteurization a method of disinfection that warms up and maintains the proper time, the purpose of which is to inactivate microorganisms, especially to pathogens, to reduce the number to a specified level Or below the infectious dose. 2.3 saturated zone (groundwater) The part of the aquifer that is completely filled with water. 2.4 measured object determinand The substance to be measured. 2.5 specific conductance; electrical conductivity The reciprocal of the measured resistance between the opposing faces of the specified volume (in m3) relative to the surface under specified conditions. For water quality testing, often Expressed by conductivity, it can also be used as a measure of the concentration of ionizable solutes in a water sample. 2.6 Standard uncertainty The uncertainty estimated in the form of standard deviation during the measurement. Note. Relative standard uncertainty is the standard uncertainty divided by the measured value, expressed as a percentage. 2.7 surfactant active agent; surfactant activator a surface-active compound that is preferentially adsorbed at the interface when dissolved or dispersed in a liquid such as water, thereby producing Some have physicochemical or chemical properties of practical value. The molecule of this compound contains at least one affinity for a distinct polar surface. The group (in most cases, ensures dissolution in water) and a group with little affinity for water. 2.8 Poisson distribution poisson distribution When a uniformly mixed suspension sample was taken, the number of particles was completely randomly distributed. 2.9 discrete sampling The process of collecting a single sample from a body of water. 2.10 uncertainty class A evaluation of uncertainty The statistical analysis of the observation columns was used to characterize the experimental standard deviation. Note. Organizers provide the same samples to several laboratories and evaluate repeatability and reproducibility through different laboratories. 2.11 Uncertainty Class B assessment type B evaluation of uncertainty Characterized by the estimated standard deviation using other methods than Class A. 2.12 Uncertainty of counting (microbiological determination) under the specified test conditions (same tester, different testers in the same laboratory, between different laboratories), Relative standard deviation of colony repeat counts in the same dish. 2.13 sampling sampling In order to test various specified water quality characteristics, a process of collecting representative water samples from water bodies is carried out. 2.14 sampling point sampling point The exact location where the sample is taken. 2.15 sampling line sampling line A conduit from the probe to the water sample export point or analytical device. 2.16 sampler sampler A device that continuously or discontinuously collects water samples to test their various specified water quality characteristics. 2.17 sampling probe sampling probe A component of a sampling device that is initially passed through a water sample and inserted into a body of water. 2.18 sampling network sampling network A point network system for pre-determining a designed sampling location for monitoring the water quality of one or more specific locations. 2.19 parameter parameter A numerical value used to characterize water. 2.20 uncertainty of measurement It is a parameter related to the measurement result, which characterizes the dispersion of the test result value caused by the random error of the measurement. 2.21 test sample test portion The part of the sample used for testing. 2.22 Clarification of clarification The particulate matter settles in a large still water sedimentation tank to separate the clear water. 2.23 clarifier; clarifier; settling tank; sedimentation basin A large pool in which suspended solids settle. Note. A mechanical scraper is required to collect solids and remove them from the bottom of the tank. 2.24 dense non-aqueous phase liquids; DNAPL An organic compound having a lower solubility than water and a greater density than water, such as trichloroethane in a chlorinated hydrocarbon. 2.25 secondary validation secondary validation Use the existing specifications to demonstrate the process through experiments that establish method functions. 2.26 Water conductivity (water conductivity) The nature of the aquifer is related to the ability of the interconnected water transport pathways within it. 2.27 isokinetic sampling Techniques for sampling in flowing water. At the time of sampling, the velocity of the water entering the probe hole of the sampler is equal to the velocity of the water near the probe. 2.28 bottom sediment bottom sediment A solid substance deposited from suspended solids into the bottom of dynamic and static water bodies. 2.29 lower limit of quantification; limit of determination A multiple of the specified detection limit at which the analyte can be measured within acceptable accuracy and precision. Note. The lower limit of quantitation can be calculated from an appropriate standard or sample, or from the lowest point of the calibration curve (except for blank spots). 2.30 quantitative repeatability Under the same measurement conditions, the same operator, in the same laboratory, using the same instrument and performing two separate measurements in a short period of time, The value below the absolute difference of the measurement results is within the specified confidence interval. Note. The confidence interval is 95% unless otherwise stated. 2.31 quantitative reproducibility Analytical staff from different laboratories, using standard analytical methods, performing two separate measurements on the same sample, below the absolute measurement result The value of the difference is within the specified confidence interval. Note. The confidence interval is 95% unless otherwise stated. 2.32 qualitative method Determine if certain analytes are present in a sample. 2.33 qualitative repeatability Under the same conditions (by the same operator, in the same laboratory, using the same instrument and in the short term), using the same method, The same test material was measured and the degree of agreement between the results obtained. 2.34 qualitative reproducibility Under the same conditions (by different operators, in different laboratories, using different instruments and at different times), using the same The method of measuring the same test material and the degree of agreement between the results obtained. 2.35 multi-level sampler multi-level sampler An independent sampling device for collecting groundwater samples at different depths under the liquid surface. Note. This unit can be drilled directly into the ground, can be installed on an existing borehole, or mounted on a hole drilled for other purposes. when When installing it in a borehole, use an integrated module to separate each sample port. 2.36 reproductive propagule; reproductive germ Living entities, such as vegetative cells, cell populations, spores, spores or a fungal hyphae that can grow in a nutrient medium. 2.37 unsaturated zone unsaturated zone (Groundwater) The part of the pore space formed in the aquifer that is not completely filled with water. 2.38 non-ionic surface active agent A surfactant that does not generate ions in an aqueous solution. Its dissolution in water is due to its ability to have a strong affinity for water. 2.39 classification characteristic Digitally express performance characteristics at a relative frequency based on the presence/absence (P/A) or positive/negative (/−) classification methods Methods. 2.40 phenolphthalein endpoint phenolphthalein end-point alkalinity The alkalinity is determined by using phenolphthalein as the end point of the indicator titration (pH 8.3), which is composed of all the hydroxide ions and half of the carbonate in the water. Quantitative, usually combined with methyl red endpoint alkalinity. 2.41 packer packer Means or materials used to temporarily isolate boreholes in a specified vertical section for drilling or aquifers in discrete areas or locations Groundwater sampling. 2.42 Corrosive corrosivity The ability of water to attack various materials through the action of chemistry, physicochemistry or biochemistry. 2.43 composite borehole multiple boreholes Individually installed drill holes or pressure gauges for a research purpose combine to form a monitoring network. 2.44 Eutrophic eutrophication Nutrients, especially compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus, are enriched in fresh water and brine. Eutrophication accelerates algae and higher plants Growth. 2.45 irrigation water irrigation water Water for soil and plant growth substrates. Designed to supply the water necessary for the normal growth of plants or to prevent the accumulation of excess salt in the soil class. 2.46 Diatom diatoms A unicellular algae of diatoms (Bacillariaceae) containing siliceous cell walls. 2.47 over-dispersion over-dispersion Qualitative measurement by Poisson dispersion index, quantitative measurement by estimation of μ parameter of negative binomial distribution, the above measured knot If the difference is greater than the Poisson randomness. 2.48 excessive dispersion parameter μ over-dispersion factor Additional random uncertainty in the detection of the Poisson distribution is exceeded, calculated as relative standard deviation. 2.49 seasea A water body containing salt, usually described as part of the ocean. 2.50 sea sea Big salt lake. 2.51 Estuary Estuary Part of the closed water body in the lower reaches of the river, which is freely connected to the sea and receives fresh water supply from the upstream drainage area. 2.52 river river A natural body of water that flows continuously, or intermittently, into a sea, sea, lake, inland depression, swamp, or other waterway along a defined flow direction. 2.53 Lake Lake Inland water body with a certain area. Note. Large salt lakes are often referred to as the sea. 2.54 combined chlorine; combined chlorine available combined chlorine; combined residual chlorine combined Chlorine residual Total residual chlorine, mainly in the form of chloramines, organic chloramines and nitrogen trichloride. 2.55 chemical oxygen demand chemical oxygen demand, COD Under the specified conditions, when the water sample is treated with an oxidant, the amount of the oxidant consumed by the dissolved or suspended substance in the water sample is calculated and discounted. The mass concentration of oxygen. 2.56 recovery rate recovery (microbiological assay) The detector can recover 100% or less (although unknown) actual particle counts to estimate the sample to be tested or The number of particles in the sample. 2.57 mixed media filtration mixed media filtration The process of passing water up or down through two or more layers of media. Note. The upper layer consists of large particles of low density. Each adjacent lower layer particle has a slightly smaller particle size and a slightly larger density. 2.58 mixed sample composite sample Two or more samples or subsamples are mixed continuously or discontinuously in a determined ratio. The resulting mixture is what is needed The average of the features. Note. Usually this ratio is determined based on the measurement of time or flow. 2.59 matrix potential energy a combination of different forces acting on soil water, excluding gravity (soil water refers to water present in the pores of the soil or rock matrix), It is caused by the attraction of water molecules by solid surfaces and the mutual attraction between water molecules. Note. In general, particles with smaller particle sizes have higher matrix potential. 2.60 pressure filtration pressure filtration A water treatment method in which water is pressurized in a closed filtration system, similar to the water treatment process of a fast filter. 2.61 methyl red indicator endpoint alkalinity methyl red endpoint alkalinity The titration end point (pH 4.5) was obtained with methyl red as an indicator, and the total alkalinity in water was calculated. Alkali obtained by using methyl red as an indicator The degree is usually used together with the alkalinity obtained with phenolphthalein as an indicator to evaluate the equivalent of bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide in water. degree. 2.62 Monitoring monitoring In order to evaluate specific objectives such as environmental quality, sampling, measurement, analysis, and data processing are performed on various properties of water according to programmed procedures. process. 2.63 scissor grab scissor grab A sediment sampling device comprising two buckets with open ends and hinged to each other, and the bucket opening is closed during sampling, in a manner similar to scissors The piece is closed. 2.64 detector detector; particle detector A test tube containing a solid medium or a liquid medium is used to count or detect active microorganisms. 2.65 detection box detection set (Microbial assay) A combination of plates or tubes that are used to quantitatively estimate the number of microorganisms. 2.66 detection limit limit of detection The threshold value of the output signal or value at a specified confidence level (eg, 95% confidence level). Only samples above this value The resulting signal or value is different from the blank without the analyte. 2.67 alkalinity alkalilinity The quantitative ability of the aqueous medium to react with hydrogen ions. 2.68 overlap error overlap error; crowding error crowding error Systematic errors are underestimated due to crowded confluence of the population to underestimate colony counts. Note. In terms of quantity, the overlap error is mainly due to the small part of the growth space occupied by the growth of the flora. 2.69 colloidal suspension A suspension containing particulate matter which is usually charged and not easily settled, but which can be removed by flocculation. 2.70 stage water stepped feed In the sewage activated sludge process, the wastewater is allowed to enter the pool along different positions of the aeration tank, so that the whole system has a more uniform oxygen demand. 2.71 stage aeration; gradient aeration tapered aeration Improvements in activated sludge treatment methods. Send a large amount of air into the aeration tank where there is the highest biologically active upstream end, leaving a small amount of air Gas is fed into the downstream end of the tank. 2.72 Contact Stabilization The activated sludge treated with pre-aeration is contacted with the raw sewage for a short period of time (eg 15 to 30 minutes) to achieve improved activated sludge treatment. process. Note. After the sludge after the sedimentation, it needs to be aerated for a long time (such as 6-8 h) in the separation tank. 2.73 absolute salinity absolute salinity The mass percentage of soluble salts in seawater. Note. In fact, this amount cannot be directly measured. The actual salinity is used in the oceanographic observation report. 2.74 Balanced proportionality Measure the deviation of an analytical method, analytical instrument, or analytical sensor within the concentration range of the analyte. Note 1. Equilibrium is defined as the ratio of the deviation of the selected reference sample to the reference value within the analytical range. Note 2. All reference samples are diluted from one parent sample, so for a similar parameter "linear", each reference sample is independent. 2.75 flora colony A visible microbial organism that is multiplied and formed on or above a solid medium. Note. Usually, before it becomes a visible flora, it is fused by a group of adjacent planktonic bacteria into a large flora. Estimate the number of floating bacteria using the number of visible flora, the resulting knot It is generally too low. 2.76 can sink solid settleable solids The water sample can be precipitated and removed after a certain settling time under the specified conditions. 2.77 rapid sand filtration rapid sand filtration A water treatment process in which the clarified water is passed through a sand bed to remove residual particulates. 2.78 Langelier index The difference between the measured pH of the water sample minus the saturated pH (pHs). Note. pHs are the pH calculated when water is in equilibrium with solid calcium carbonate. 2.79 continuous sampling continuous sampling The process of continuous sampling from a body of water. 2.80 sensitivity K sensitivity K is expressed as the ratio of the increment (Δx) of the observed variable to the increment (ΔG) of the corresponding measured value, ie. K = Δx/ΔG Note. This definition is derived from the International Legal Metrology Organization. 2.81 Chloramines chloramines a derivative formed by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms in ammonia with a chlorine atom (monochloramine NH2Cl, dichloramine NHCl2, three) Nitroxide NCl3), as well as all chlorinated derivatives of organic nitrogen compounds. 2.82 Chlorination The process of adding chlorine or a compound that produces hypochlorous acid or hypochlorous acid to water to disinfect and inhibit the growth of bacteria, animals and plants, Oxidizing organic matter, assisting coagulation or reducing odor. 2.83 slow sand filtration slow sand filtration The filter bed is filled with water and slowly percolated at a certain filtration rate to purify the water by physical, chemical and biological effects. Slow sand Filtration is commonly used to make drinking water and is also used for the final treatment of effluent from sewage treatment equipment. 2.84 sodium absorption ratio, SAR Indicates the ratio of the relative activity of sodium ions in the exchange reaction with the soil (irrigated water). twenty two [Na ]SAR ([Ca ] [Mg ])/ 4 Where. [Na], [Ca2] and [Mg2] are the concentrations of sodium, calcium and magnesium ions, respectively, expressed in mmol/L. 2.85 parallel number parallel counts (Microbiological analysis) The number of particles or colonies of the parallel analysis sample taken from the same sample. Note. Parallel measurement refers to the number of particles or colonies of a sample that is repeatedly sampled. 2.86 nested pressure gauge nested piezometers A set of pressure gauges installed in a large borehole borehole, usually at a fixed distance in the aquifer. Pressure gauge to sample. The top ends of the respective pressure gauges are separated from each other by installing a permanent impermeable seal between them. 2.87 aggressive aggressivity The ability of water to dissolve calcium carbonate. 2.88 aggressive water The Langelier index is a negative water. 2.89 light non-aqueous phase liquids, LNAPL An organic compound having a lower water solubility and a lower density than water, such as a petroleum product. 2.90 colony forming unit colony-forming unit, CFU; colony forming particle colony-forming particle, CFP Single or aggregated microbial cells, spore populations, or single colonies grown under suitable solid medium culture. Note 1. ISO 13845 considers this term inappropriate because it incorrectly equates the number of observable flora to the number of living organisms grown on the medium. Note 2. Growth units, plankton, propagule and reproduction are terms that have the same meaning. But the group formation unit can better express its intention and apply The counting method of the flora can be applied to the judgment of the most likely number and presence/absence. 2.91 dissolved solids The water sample is filtered and evaporated to dryness under the specified conditions. 2.92 dissolved oxygen curve A graphical or mathematical derived curve is used to represent the distribution of dissolved oxygen wi... ...