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Air Precooler for Fruits and Vegetables
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GH/T 239-2019 (GH/T239-2019) |
| Description (Translated English) | Air Precooler for Fruits and Vegetables |
| Sector / Industry | Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Industry Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | J73 |
| Word Count Estimation | 8,812 |
| Date of Issue | 3/21/2019 |
| Date of Implementation | 10/1/2019 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives |
GHT239-2019: Air Precooler for Fruits and Vegetables
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Air Precooler for Fruits and Vegetables
ICS 65.040.20
J 73
GH
People's Republic of China Supply and Marketing Cooperation Industry Standard
GH/T 1239-2019
Fruit and vegetable air cooling pre-cooling equipment
2019-03 -21 released
2019-10- 01 implementation
Published by All China Supply and Marketing Cooperative
GH/T 1239-2019
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Fruit Processing Standardization (SCA/TC501/SC1).
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Dayoushou (Tianjin) Cold Chain Equipment Co., Ltd., Shandong University, All China Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Jinan
Fruit Research Institute, Changrong Huitong (Tianjin) Food Technology R & D Co., Ltd., Shandong Jianzhu University, Ningxia Xaneng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Company, Yantai Ruijia Energy-saving Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai Antai Electronic Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Jinan Refrigeration Institute.
The main drafters of this standard. Wang Da, Jia Lianwen, Yang Xiangzheng, Liu Yuling, Wu Maoyu, Li Xihong, Lai Yanhua, Wang Qiang, Zhao Hong
Xia, Wei Wenwen, Tan Jibo, Yu Wangqing, Jia Binguang, Hao Wengang, Tan Minghui, Lu Ping, Song Yan, Li Jilan.
GH/T 1239-2019
GH/T 1239-2019
Fruit and vegetable air cooling pre-cooling equipment
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, models, types and basic parameters, technical requirements,
Test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, and storage requirements.
This standard applies to air-cooled pre-cooling equipment for fruits, vegetables, edible fungi and other products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version is appropriate
Used in this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 191 Packaging, storage and transportation icon
GB/T 2934 General Dimensions and Tolerances of Intermodal Flat Pallets
GB 5226.1 Mechanical and electrical safety. Mechanical and electrical equipment. Part 1. General technical requirements
GB/T 7392 Technical requirements and test methods for containers, insulated containers
GB 9237 Safety requirements for mechanical refrigeration systems for refrigeration and heating
GB/T 13306 signs
GB/T 13384 General technical requirements for packaging of electromechanical products
GB/T 21145 Transportation refrigeration unit
GB/T 21363 Volumetric Refrigeration Compression Condensing Unit
NY/T 3014 Technical specifications for post-harvest pre-chilled fruit (apple and pear)
QC/T 449 technical conditions and test methods
3 terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Precooling
The process of quickly removing field heat after harvesting agricultural products to reach the target temperature.
3.2
Cold room precooling
GH/T 1239-2019
The fan in the cold room is used to promote the circulation of cold air between the outer packaging boxes of fruits and vegetables.
cooling method.
3.3
Forced air precooling
Through special stacking of the outer packing box with ventilation holes on both sides, the pressure difference fan is used to build on both sides of the outer packing box.
Forced convection heat exchange and cooling to force cold air to pass through the inside of the outer packaging box and directly contact the fruits and vegetables in the box
the way.
3.4
Precooling box
Pre-cooled thermal insulation maintenance structure. The mobile box adopts a thermal transport container, and the fixed box is connected by a thermal insulation board.
Built.
3.5
Plenum chamber
The need for a specific style of differential pressure ventilation system to reduce dynamic pressure, increase static pressure, stabilize airflow, and reduce airflow vibrations
Box structure.
3.6
Forced air unit cooler
A unit consisting of a refrigeration unit, a differential pressure ventilation device, and a control system.
3.7
Opening box
A packaging box containing fruits and vegetables with a specific form and number of holes on both sides.
4 type, model
4.1 Type
4.1.1 According to the pre-cooling method, it can be divided into cold storage pre-cooling and differential pressure pre-cooling.
4.1.2 It can be divided into fixed type and mobile type according to the moving mode.
4.1.3 According to the structure type, it can be divided into integrated type (unit and pre-cooling box as a whole) and split type (unit and pre-cooling box are divided into
Away, connected by pipe).
4.1.4 According to the presence or absence of humidification device, it can be divided into humidification type (add humidification device to prevent water loss of fruits and vegetables during pre-cooling) and no
Wet type (without humidifier).
GH/T 1239-2019
4.1.5 According to the cooling method of the condenser, it can be divided into air-cooled (using air as the cooling medium, taking away the refrigerant released when the refrigerant condenses).
Heat), water-cooled (using water as a cooling medium), evaporative cooling (using water and air as a cooling medium, using
Water evaporates and air absorbs heat from the condenser).
4.2 Model
See Appendix A for the method of formulating the fruit and vegetable air-cooled pre-cooling equipment.
5 Requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The product shall be manufactured in accordance with the drawings and technical documents approved by the prescribed procedures, and shall be manufactured according to the requirements of the agreement between the supplier and the buyer.
5.1.2 The working conditions of the product should meet the following requirements. the temperature of the fruits and vegetables to be cooled is below 40 ° C, and the ambient temperature range is
0 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, there is no conductive dust, explosive gas and corrosive gas in the air of the workplace, and there is no large amount of high temperature steam and oil
The fluctuation of steam and working power voltage does not exceed 10% of the rated voltage.
5.1.3 The boxes, doors, static pressure boxes, packaging boxes, etc. in contact with fruits and vegetables are corrosion-resistant, non-toxic, tasteless, and
Manufactured from materials that meet national food hygiene requirements, no new pollution may be added.
5.1.4 The pre-cooling box should have thermal insulation performance, and the structure should have sufficient strength and rigidity, and it should not be easily deformed during normal work.
The size of the box should meet the requirements of road transportation.
5.1.5 The surface of the product should be smooth and clean, and there should be no obvious bumps or scratches.
5.1.6 The surface of the pre-cooled cabinet paint should be flat, smooth, and uniform in color, and there should be no sagging, bubbles, whitening, or leakage.
And obvious wrinkling.
5.1.7 Product label, the text and pattern of the operation label are clear, the installation is firm, and the position is correct.
5.2 Supporting components and assembly requirements
5.2.1 The performance and related parameters of the product refrigeration unit shall meet the requirements in GB/T 21363.
5.2.2 The stability of the refrigerating unit with the product model of mobile shall meet the requirements of GB/T 21145.
5.2.3 The piping connection should comply with the principles of refrigeration process piping layout, neatly arranged, securely installed, without obvious deformation, and ensure operation.
No obvious vibration when turning.
5.2.4 The door of the insulation box should be opened and closed smoothly and tightly sealed.
5.2.5 The electrical system shall meet the requirements of GB 5226.1. The wiring should be neat and beautiful, and the fixing should be reliable;
Flame retardant materials, wire connections must be connected through terminal blocks or crimping terminals, and the connections must be secure and must not be loose.
5.2.6 Explosion-proof lighting devices using LEDs or other cold light sources shall be installed in the pre-cooling box.
5.2.8 There should be a temperature recorder in the pre-cooling box to record the ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the product. The probe to record the product temperature should be
Needle-like or other easy-to-test shapes.
GH/T 1239-2019
5.2.9 The trays placed in the pre-cooling box should be 1200mm × 1000mm and 1100mm × 1100 mm. The main specifications
The dimensional parameters shall meet the requirements of the main dimensions and tolerances of GB/T 2934 intermodal flat pallets.
5.2.10 The size of the pre-cooling basket placed in the pre-cooling box should be compatible with the size of the tray, and the opening design should be in accordance with the pressure difference pre-cooling.
Meet relevant requirements.
5.3 Performance requirements
5.3.1 Air tightness
The products are classified into I, II, III according to the airtight performance of the pre-cooling box, and the air leakage multiples meet the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1 Leakage multiple table
Leakage multiple L/h Heat transfer area of pre-cooled box
m2 I II III
> 40 ＜ 1.2 1.2 ~ 3.0 3.0 ~ 4.8
20 ~ 40 ＜ 1.5 1.5 ~ 3.8 3.8 ~ 6.0
< 20 ＜ 2.1 2.1 ~ 6.3 6.3 ~ 8.4
Note. The product should not use the III box
5.3.2 Thermal insulation performance
When the average wall temperature of the pre-cooling box is 0 ~ 5 ℃, the product is divided into I, II, and III grades according to the heat insulation performance of the pre-cooling box.
The total heat transfer coefficient meets the requirements of Table 2.
Table 2 Total heat transfer coefficient
Category I II III
Total heat transfer coefficient K (w/(m2.k)) ＜ 0.4 0.4 ~ 0.6 ≥0.6
Note 1. The average wall temperature is the arithmetic average of the inner and outer wall temperature of the box
Note 2. The product should not use a III-class box.
5.3.3 No-load cooling performance
When the average ambient temperature outside the pre-cooling box is 30 ° C ± 2 ° C, when the product is reduced from 28 ° C to 0 ° C according to the internal environment of the pre-cooling box
The elapsed time is divided into I, II, III grades, and its detailed detailed parameters meet the requirements of Table 3.
Table 3 Pre-cooled no-load cooling performance
Category I II III
Time min ＜ 2 2 ~ 5 5 ~ 10
GH/T 1239-2019
5.3.4 Full-load cooling performance
When the average ambient temperature outside the pre-cooling box is 30 ° C ± 2 ° C, the product will drop from 28 ° C according to the temperature of the water in the water tank in the pre-cooling box.
The time taken to 3 ° C is divided into I, II, III grades, and the detailed classification parameters meet the requirements of Table 4.
Table 4 Pre-cooling full load cooling performance
Category I II III
Time min ＜ 180 180 ~ 240 240 ~ 300
5.4 Safety requirements
5.4.1 The product shall have a reliable grounding device and PE terminals, and shall have obvious grounding marks; the protective connection circuit shall comply with
GB 5226.1 requirements.
5.4.2 When a voltage of 500Vd.c is applied between the power line conductor and the protective ground circuit, the measured insulation resistance is not less than 1M
Ω.
5.4.3 All circuit wires of the electrical equipment and the protective earth circuit shall be subjected to a withstand voltage test for at least 1 s.
5.4.4 The safety requirements of product refrigeration systems shall comply with the provisions of GB 9237.
5.4.5 Safety signs (such as grounding mark, neutral line mark, etc.) should be marked in a place that is easy to see and needed, and should not disappear.
Warnings, warning signs, etc.).
6 Test method
6.1 Air tightness test
The specific requirements of the air-tightness performance test shall be carried out in accordance with the standard QC/T 449 technical specifications and test methods for insulated cars and refrigerated cars.
6.2 Thermal insulation test
The specific requirements of the insulation performance test shall be carried out in accordance with the standard QC/T 449 technical specifications and test methods for insulated cars and refrigerated cars.
6.3 No-load cooling test
6.3.1 Test purpose
Check the thermal insulation and airtight performance of the product refrigeration system and the cabinet.
6.3.2 Test conditions
The test conditions should meet the following requirements. the ambient temperature range is 30 ℃ ± 2 ℃, the relative humidity is ≤85%;
Natural environment affected by other external conditions; ensure that the relative pressure inside the box is 100Pa 10Pa.
6.3.3 Test equipment
GH/T 1239-2019
The type and accuracy of the test instruments and meters should meet the following requirements. thermometer or temperature sensor (± 0.5 ℃);
Time measuring instrument (± 0.1s).
6.3.4 Test method
Before the test, the inside of the pre-cooling box should be kept clean, and the door and ventilation device should be closed. Pre-cooling box during testing
No load, leave it at room temperature for a period of time to stabilize the temperature inside the box. Temperature/humidity sensor arrangement. away from the cabinet
An external temperature measurement point is set 0.1m above the center of the outer top, and the interior space of the car is based on the center point of the box space, up and down and left
Nine internal temperature measurement points are placed on the right to achieve uniform arrangement of up, down, front, middle and back.
6.3.5 Data processing
Under no-load conditions, turn on the refrigeration unit, and read the external temperature measurement point tw and the internal temperature measurement point ti of the box.
The internal average of the box is determined according to formula (1)
(1)
ia tn
In the formula.
ta1-case average temperature, ℃;
ti- temperature of each measuring point, ℃;
n-the number of measurement points.
At the same time, an image of the change in the average temperature ta1 with time is drawn, and the time required to reach the target temperature is determined. its
At no load, the cooling performance of the product shall be classified according to 5.3.3 above.
6.4 Full load cooling test
6.4.1 Test purpose
Assess the product's ability to pre-cool and cool the cargo at full load.
6.4.2 Test conditions
The test conditions should meet the following requirements. ambient temperature. 30 ℃ ± 2 ℃, relative humidity. ≤85%; test object
(The object to be cooled) is. its temperature is 28 ° C ± 0.2 ° C; the supply air temperature is 0 ° C ± 0.5 ° C;
The relationship between the mass of water and the internal volume of the pre-cooling tank is 150kg/m3; the water is placed in the water pan, and the height of the water pan is
120mm, filling height is 100mm, the mass of each water pan is 20kg, and the stacking method is staggered.
6.4.3 Test equipment
The experimental instrument and accuracy meet the following requirements. thermometer or temperature sensor (± 0.5 ℃); differential pressure meter (03.0
hPa (0 ~ 0.3hPa) hPa (0.31 ~ 1hPa)); time measuring instrument (± 0.1s). 05.0
6.4.4 Test method
GH/T 1239-2019
During the full-load cooling test, the two symmetrical sides of the water pan should be concave, and the adjacent water pan should be left in the middle when it is placed up and down.
Clearance to ensure that cold air can pass through. If the pre-cooling method is differential pressure pre-cooling, the water pans should be palletized symmetrically during differential pressure pre-cooling, and
The air flow channel in the middle flows out, and the side of the water pan with a gap left is perpendicular to the air supply direction. Cover the air duct with canvas or tarpaulin
The top and side of the cable meet the standard. NY/T 3014 requirements for stacking. Temperature sensor arrangement. with the lowest water pan
As a reference, set a temperature measurement point every 2 water pans upwards, take the leftmost water pan as the reference, and every 2 water pans to the right
The water pan establishes a measuring point.
6.4.5 Data processing
Under no-load conditions, turn on the refrigeration unit and read the temperature measurement point tl of the water tank. The average temperature of all water tanks in the tank
Formula (2) determines
(2)
la tn
In the formula.
ta2-the average temperature of the water tank inside the box, ℃;
tl- temperature of each measuring point in the water tank, ℃;
n-the number of measurement points.
Draw an image of the average temperature of the water tank ta2 over time and determine the time required to reach 3 ° C. among them,
The cooling performance of the product at full load shall be classified according to 5.3.4 above.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
Product inspection is divided into factory inspection and type inspection. The inspection items are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Table of inspection items
Item Item Factory Inspection Type Inspection Technical Requirements Test Method
1 General requirements and appearance √ √ 5.1 Inspection
2 Product mark √ √ 5.1 Inspection
3 Packing mark √ √ 5.1 Inspection
4 Packaging √ √ 5.1 Inspection
5 Grounding device √ √ 5.2 GB 5226.1
6 Insulation resistance √ √ 5.2 GB 5226.1
GH/T 1239-2019
7 Withstand voltage √ √ 5.2 GB 5226.1
8 Noise √ √ 5.2 GB/T 21363
9 Air tightness-√ 5.3.1 QC/T 449
10 Thermal insulation-√ 5.3.2 QC/T 449
11 No-load cooling time-√ 5.3.3 6.3.4
12 Full load cooling time-√ 5.3.4 6.4.4
Note. "√" means inspection, "-" means no inspection
7.2 Factory inspection
7.2.1 Each product shall undergo factory inspection. The inspection items, technical requirements and test methods shall be as specified in Table 5.
7.2.2 The factory inspection shall be carried out only after the factory quality inspection department has passed the inspection according to this standard and issued a product quality certificate.
7.3 Type inspection
7.3.1 The inspection items, technical requirements and test methods for type inspection are specified in Table 5.
7.3.2 Type inspection should be carried out in one of the following cases. New products are tested for type approval, and normal production products are in
When the design, process and materials have changed greatly, which may affect the performance of the product, the normal production time is 2 years, and the product is discontinued1
When production is resumed for more than one year, when the national quality supervision agency asks for the type inspection.
7.3.3 Product type inspection Samples are randomly selected from the products that passed the factory inspection. The number of samples is one.
7.3.4 After the product is type-tested, all items that pass the test are judged to be qualified. If there are any unqualified items, the inspection should be doubled.
Inspection and retesting of unqualified items, the product is judged as unqualified.
8 Signs, packaging, transportation and storage
8.1 Logo
8.1.1 Product Marking
Each product shall be fixed with a nameplate at an appropriate and obvious position. The size and technical requirements of the nameplate shall be in accordance with the regulations of GB/T 13306.
set. At least the following should be marked on the nameplate. product name, rated voltage, rated power, rated input power, refrigeration
Agent/filling amount, insulation material, pre-cooling box size, weight, product manufacturing date and factory number, manufacturer name and address
(Export products are marked with "PRC").
8.1.2 Packaging identification
The box surface of the package shall be clearly marked with the following content and shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 191. product name and model,
Manufacturer's name and address, net and gross weight, packaging box dimensions (length, width, height), receiving unit and address, output
GH/T 1239-2019
Factory date.
8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 Product packaging should meet the requirements of GB/T 13384
8.2.2 Each product should be accompanied by the following technical documents. product certification, packing list and random spare parts list, product application
Instruction manual. The above technical documents should be packed in plastic bags and fixed in proper positions in the packing box.
8.3 Transport
The product should be firmly fixed during transportation, and should be protected against shock, moisture, and rain. No collision or tilt is allowed.
Tilt upside down.
8.4 Storage
The storage place of the product should be dry, ventilated, non-corrosive gas, and protected against moisture and rain. During storage
It is not allowed to tilt upside down.
GH/T 1239-2019
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Method for formulating fruit and vegetable air-cooled pre-cooling equipment
A.1 Method for formulating fruit and vegetable air-cooled pre-cooling equipment
FLG □ □ □ □ □
Derived sequence number. represented by Roman numerals I, II, III.
Product type code. the overall type is represented by Z, the split type is represented by F
Product type code. L is used for cold storage pre-cooling, Y is used for differential pressure pre-cooling
Main parameters. expressed in volume of pre-cooling box, unit m3
Product type code. M is used for mobile type, S is used for fixed type
Product code. Fruit and vegetable air cooling pre-cooling equipment
A.2 Examples
Example. FLGM20YZ, which means that the volume of the pre-cooling box is 20m3, and the integrated mobile fruit and vegetable air-cooled pressure difference pre-cooling is installed.
Equipment.
...
