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Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne radar - Performance requirements, methods of testingand required test results
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| GB/T 9391-1988 | English | 529 |
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Shipborne radar, technical and operational requirements, Mcthod of testing and required test results
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 9391-2025 (GB/T9391-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne radar - Performance requirements, methods of testingand required test results |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | M53 |
| Classification of International Standard | 33.060 |
| Word Count Estimation | 162,188 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-05 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-05-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 9391-1988 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 9391-2025: Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Shipborne radar - Performance requirements, methods of testingand required test results
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 33.060
CCSM53
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 9391-1988
Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems
Marine radar performance requirements and test methods
and the required test results
(IEC 62388.2013, IDT)
Released on October 5, 2025; to be implemented on May 1, 2026.
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface IX
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 2
4 General Provisions 12
4.1 General Rule 12
4.2 Objective 13
4.3 Application of relevant standards 13
4.4 Equipment Classification 13
4.5 Establishment of Equipment Type and Status 14
4.6 Measurement conditions and related definitions 15
4.7 Quality Requirements 15
5 Tests 15
5.1 Test Site and Simulation 15
5.2 Test Terminology and Format 15
6.Radar performance 16
6.1 General Rules 16
6.2 Transmission and Jamming 17
6.3 Performance Optimization and Monitoring 17
6.4 Gain and Clutter Suppression Functions 18
6.5 Signal Processing 19
6.6 Operations related to SART, RTE, and beacons 21
6.7 Minimum effective range and range compensation 22
6.8 Distance and orientation resolution 23
6.9 Target Detection Performance Evaluation 24
6.10 Radar antenna (including pitch and roll) 33
6.11 Radar Availability – Standby and Transmission 34
7.Display of the monitor 35
7.1 General Rules 35
7.2 Linear and Indication Delay 35
7.3 Color Selection and Identification 35
8 CCRP and this ship 35
8.1 CCRP 35
8.2 Own ship37
9 Navigation tools 38
9.1 Overview 38
9.2 Measurement Units 38
9.3 Display Method 38
9.4 Range display 39
9.5 Dynamic Distance Marker (VRM) 39
9.6 Electronic Booster (EBL) 40
9.7 Cursor 41
9.8 Measurement of Distance and Azimuth Offsets 42
9.9 Parallel Indicator (PI) Line 43
9.10 Azimuth dial 43
9.11 Fixed Distance Marker 44
9.12 Radar Map 45
9.13 Route 46
10 Pointing, Motion, and Stabilization Modes 47
10.1 General Rule 47
10.2 Azimuth pointing to 47 degrees.
10.3 Motion and Pointing Modes 48
10.4 Eccentricity 49
10.5 Earth stability and water stability 51
11 Collision Avoidance Assist 52
11.1 General Rules 52
11.2 Target Wake and Past Position 52
11.3 Target Tracking (TT) 54
11.4 Limitations of Tracking 68
11.5 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 69
11.6 Data on radar and AIS targets 72
11.7 Target Alarm 73
11.8 Target Relevance 76
11.9 Trial operation of vessel 81
12.Chart radar (optional) 82
12.1 General requirements 82
12.2 Additional Requirements for Independent Radars with Charting Capabilities 88
12.3 Additional Requirements for ECDIS Backup (Optional) 88
13 Ergonomics Principles (Control Functions and Displays) 89
13.1 Overview 89
13.2 Operation Control 89
13.3 Basic Control Functions 89
13.4 Control Characteristics 90
13.5 Default settings and user-saved settings 90
14 Interface 92
14.1 General Rules 92
14.2 Input Interface 92
14.3 Output Interface 93
15 Design, maintenance and installation 95
15.1 Overview 95
15.2 Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance 95
15.3 Monitor Design 95
15.4 Transceiver Design 96
15.5 Antenna Design 96
15.6 Radar Switching and Multi-Radar Systems 97
15.7 Multifunctional Display 98
15.8 Safety --- Antennas and Radiation 99
16 Alarms and Faults 99
16.1 General Rules 99
16.2 Backup and Standby Arrangements 103
17 Environmental Testing 105
17.1 General Rules 105
17.2 Tests performed according to IEC 60945 105
17.3 Additional Environmental Tests 105
18 Equipment training and documentation provision 106
18.1 Training Simulator 106
18.2 Instructions and Documents 107
18.3 Installation of Radar System 108
18.4 Equipment Update Maintenance Information 109
Appendix A (Informative) Guide to Radar Functions on Navigation Displays 110
A.1 Overview 110
A.2 Navigation Display Guide 110
Appendix B (Normative) Unnecessary Emissions of Radar Systems 111
B.1 Overview 111
B.2 Requirement 111
B.3 Measurement Method 111
B.4 Use and Interpretation of ITU-R Recommendation M.1177 112
B.5 Required result 112
Appendix C (Informative) Calculation of Radar Cross Section (RCS) and Detection Range 116
C.1 Radar Equation 116
C.2 Effects of RCS Changes 116
C.3 Effect of Change in Target Distance 116
C.4 The impact of target and radar altitude on discrete (non-distributed) targets 117
C.5 Frequency-sensitive effect 117
C.6 Conclusion 117
C.7 Calculation formulas for Figures C.1 and C.2 117
Appendix D (Informative) Factors Affecting Target Detection 120
D.1 Detection 120
D.2 The target's RCS value is 120.
D.3 Target Assessment 120
D.4 Sea Clutter (Sea State, Wind, and Wave Height) 121
D.5 Signal multipath123
D.6 Rain 124
D.7 Radar System Parameters 125
D.8 Target's RCS value is 125
Appendix E (Normative) Sensor Error 129
E.1 Overview 129
E.2 Radar 129
E.3 Gyrocompass 129
E.4 Speedometer 129
E.5 Total error 130
Appendix F (Informative) Target Scene Simulator/Target Report Simulator 131
F.1 Target Scene Simulator (TSS) 131
F.2 Target Reporting Simulator (RTS) 131
F.3 combination simulator 131
F.4 Simulator output signal 131
Appendix G (Informative) Status of Tracked Targets and AIS Targets 132
Appendix H (Normative) IEC 61162 Statement Format 133
H.1 General Rule 133
H.2 specifies statement 133 of IEC 61162-1.
H.3 Optional IEC 61162-3 Compliance Message 134
H.4 Radar using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) – VDR Ethernet interface (optional) 135
Appendix I (Normative) Radar Control Functions/Indication Group 142
I.1 General Rule 142
I.2 Data and Control Functional Logic Grouping 142
I.3 Controller symbol 142
I.4 Icon Usage Rule 145
Appendix J (Informative) Interference of Adjacent Frequency Band Transmissions to Radar 146
J.1 Overview 146
J.2 Adjacent Band 146
J.3 Current Status 146
J.4 Outlook 147
J.5 Reference document 147
Appendix NA (Informative) Driver's Crossing Alarm Guide 149
NA.1 Purpose 149
NA.2 Alarm Definition 149
NA.3 Alarm level 149
NA.4 Alarm Category 149
NA.5 Alarm Display 149
NA.6 Alarm Handling 150
References 151
Figure 1 shows the reduction in maximum effective range in the S-band due to rainfall (28%).
Figure 2 shows the reduction in maximum effective distance in the X-band due to rainfall (28).
Figure 3 TT Scenario 1 59
Figure 4 TT Scenario 2 61
Figure 5 TT Scenario 3 62
Figure 6 TT Scenario 4 63
Figure 7 TT Scenario 5 65
Figure B.1 B-40 falls within the designated band 114
Figure B.2 B-40 falls outside the designated band by 115.
Figure C.1 Enhancement (dB) caused by reflection in free space (applicable to 9.41 GHz) 118
Figure C.2 Enhancement (dB) caused by reflection in free space (applicable to 3.05 GHz) 119
Figure D.1 The impact of wave peaks on target detection 122
Figure D.2 Multipath Plane Diagram of S-band 124
Figure D.3 Multipath Plane Diagram of X-band 124
Figure G.1 Status of the tracked target 132
Figure G.2 Status of AIS Targets 132
Table 1 Performance Requirements for Various Types of Marine Radars (SOLAS Chapter 5) 14
Table 2 Maximum operating distance under weak clutter conditions 25
Table 3 X-band pass/fail assessment criteria 31
Table 4 S-band Pass/Fail Assessment Criteria 31
Table 5 Pass/Fail Assessment 31
Table 6 Douglas Sea State Parameters 31
Table 7 Antenna horizontal plane radiation pattern, main lobe 33
Table 8 Effective sidelobe 34
Table 9.Elements and Colors Used in Radar Maps 46
Table 10 Target Tracking Capabilities (Subset of Table 1) 55
Table 11 Typical TT accuracy (95% confidence level) 58
Table 12 TT Scenario 1, using a sensor error of 59
Table 13 TT Scenario 1, Measurement Task Time 60
Table 14.Accuracy of TT Scenario 1 after 1 min and 3 min (all data are ± values) 60
Table 15 TT Scenario 2, Ship turns ±180° 60
Table 16 TT Scenario 3, Initial Data of the Target 61
Table 17 Initial data for TT Scenario 4, fast target (this ship is a constant-speed ship) 62
Table 18 Initial data for TT Scenario 4, fast target (HSC for this ship) 63
Table 19 TT Scenario 5, Initial Target Data for a Normal-Speed Ship (64)
Table 20 Initial target data for HSC in TT Scenario 5, collision scenario 64
Table 21 Measurement points and results of HSC at 3 min and 6 min 65
Table 22 HSC Measurement Points and Results at 11 min and 14 min 66
Table 23 Measurement points and results for normal-speed ships at 3 min and 6 min.
Table 24 Measurement points and results for normal-speed vessels at 11 min and 14 min 66
Table 25 Measurement of TT Accuracy 67
Table 26 AIS Target Display Capabilities (Subset of Table 1) 69
Table 27 AIS Reporting Rate 75%
Table 28 Initial positions and data of TT and AIS targets in related scenario 1 77
Table 29.Related Scenario 1.AIS Target Data for Track Separation and Track Convergence (78)
Table 30 Initial positions and data of TT and AIS targets in related scenario 2 79
Table 31.Related Scenario 2.AIS Target Data with Changed Flight Speed (79)
Table 32 Initial positions and data of TT and AIS targets in associated scenario 3 80
Table 33.Initial positions and data of TT and AIS targets in related scenario 4 (80)
Table 34 Related Scenario 4.TT and AIS targets with the same heading and speed 81
Table 35 Controller settings selected based on "Default" configuration 91
Table 36 Severity Level of Antenna Impact Test (Half-Sine Pulse) 106
Table B.1 Measurement Frequency Range 112
Table D.1 Scope of Typical Ship RCS Values 121
Table D.2 S-band performance predictions for distances of 0.2 nautical miles, 0.4 nautical miles, and 0.7 nautical miles. 123
Table D.3 X-band performance predictions for distances of 0.2 nautical miles and 0.7 nautical miles 123
Table D.4 Performance degradation under uniform rainfall conditions 124
Table D.5 Typical values of attenuation and backscattering under uniform rainfall conditions 125
Table D.6 Additional parameters of the radar system (X/S band) 125
Table D.7 Target Size, Height, and RCS Value 126
Table D.8 S-band radar parameters (long pulse) 127
Table D.9 X-band radar parameters (long pulse) 128
Statement 133 of IEC 61162-1 as specified in Table H.1
Table H.2 Optional IEC 61162-3 Message 134
Table H.3 Terminology Description 135
Table H.4 Header Format 136
Table H.5 Data Packet Format 138
Table I.1 Top-level data and control function logic grouping for radar applications 142
Table I.2 General Function Control Icons 143
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document supersedes GB/T 9391-1988 "Technical Requirements and Usage Requirements for Marine Radar - Test Methods and Test Results", and is consistent with...
Compared with GB/T 9391-1988, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) A "Terms and Definitions" section has been added (see Chapter 3);
b) A "General Provisions" section has been added (see Chapter 4);
c) Added "Tests" (see Chapter 5);
d) Added "Radar Performance" (see Chapter 6);
e) Added "Display on the Monitor" (see Chapter 7);
f) Added "CCRP and this ship" (see Chapter 8);
g) Added "Navigation Tools" (see Chapter 9);
h) Added "Pointing, Motion, and Stability Modes" (see Chapter 10);
i) Added "collision avoidance assist" (see Chapter 11);
j) Added "Chart Radar (optional)" (see Chapter 12);
k) Added "Ergonomics Guidelines (Control Functions and Displays)" (see Chapter 13);
l) An "interface" has been added (see Chapter 14);
m) Added "Design, Maintenance, and Installation" (see Chapter 15);
n) Added "Alarms and Faults" (see Chapter 16);
o) Added "Environmental Testing" (see Chapter 17);
p) Added "Equipment Training and Documentation Provision" (see Chapter 18);
q) The "Purpose" section (see Chapter 2 of the 1988 edition) has been removed, and related content has been incorporated into Chapter 4;
r) The "Performance Requirements" section (see Chapter 3 of the 1988 edition) was removed, and the relevant content was incorporated into Chapters 4 through 13.
s) The section on "Safety Measures" (see Chapter 4 of the 1988 edition) has been removed, and related content has been incorporated into section 15.8;
t) The section "Test results for identification methods and requirements" (see Part II of the 1988 edition) has been deleted, and related content has been incorporated separately.
Chapters 6 through 18;
u) "External magnetic field interference" has been removed (see 3.14 in the 1988 edition);
v) The method for establishing the relationship between the radar cross-sections (echo areas) of two radar targets (Supplement) (see 1988 edition)
Appendix A) is changed to the informative appendix “Calculation of Radar Cross Section (RCS) and Detection Range” (see Appendix C);
w) Added normative appendices "Useless Emissions of Radar Systems" (see Appendix B) and "Sensor Errors" (see Appendix E).
Normative Annex “IEC 61162 Statement Format” (see Annex H) and Normative Annex “Radar Control Functions/Indication Grouping”
(See Appendix I).
This document adopts IEC 62388.2013 "Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems - Performance requirements, measurement...".
Test results according to the test methods and requirements.
The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.
---Incorporates the content of IEC 62388.2013/Cor.1.2014 (i.e., Errata No. 1 of.2014);
---An informative appendix, "Cockpit Alarm Guide" (see Appendix NA), has been added.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document was drafted by. Shanghai Broadcasting & Television Communication Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Zhongke Xinwei Security Technology Co., Ltd., and China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute.
Standardization Research Institute.
The main drafters of this document are. Xia Nian, Zhu Kehong, Chen Qian, Wei Yimin, Tang Deming, Meng Zheng, Huang Jian, Yang Chunhua, Huang Yanjing, Jin Ling, and Yu Xiuben.
Tian Shuai, Hu Chenxi, Cao Ling.
The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows.
---First published in 1988 as GB/T 9391-1988;
---This is the first revision.
Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems
Marine radar performance requirements and test methods
and the required test results
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum operational and performance requirements, test methods, and required test results for marine radar, which must be no less than those specified in IMO resolutions.
The performance standard adopted by MSC.192(79) is...
This document incorporates the performance criteria adopted by IMO Resolution MSC.192(79), as well as IMO Resolution A.694(17) and IEC 60945.
The relevant content in the General Requirements. In case of any discrepancy between this document and the requirements of IEC 60945, this document shall prevail.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
IEC 60945 General requirements for marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems – Test methods and test results of requirements (Mari-
Note. GB/T 31843 (all parts) Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems [IEC 61162 (all parts)]
IEC 61174 Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems - Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) - Operation and safety
Note. GB/T 43053-2023 Operation and performance requirements of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) for marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems.
Requirements, test methods, and required test results (IEC 61174.2015, MOD)
IEC 61924-2.2012 Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems – Part 2.Module structure of integrated navigation systems (INS)
IEC 61993-2 Automatic Identification System (AIS) for Marine Navigation and Radio Communication Equipment and Systems - Part 2.General Automatic Identification
Note. GB/T 46415-2025 Performance and testing requirements for Automatic Identification System (AIS) Class A equipment (IEC 61993-2.2018, MOD)
IEC 61996-1.2013 Marine navigation and radio communication equipment and systems – Part 1.Marine voyage data recorders (VDRs)
...
