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GB/T 46198-2025: Corrosion of metals and alloys - Cathodic protection of offshore wind structures
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GB/T 46198-2025: Corrosion of metals and alloys - Cathodic protection of offshore wind structures

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ICS 77.060 CCSH25 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Corrosion of metals and alloys Cathodic protection of offshore wind energy structures Published on 2025-08-29 Implemented on 2026-03-01 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.

Table of Contents

Preface V Introduction VI 1.Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 3.Terms and Definitions 2 4.Symbols and abbreviations 5. 4.1 Symbol 5 4.2 Abbreviations 6 5.Personnel capabilities 8. 6.Structural Forms 8. 6.1 Protected Structure 8 6.2 Materials 9 6.3 Corrosion Protection Strategies 9 7.Cathodic Protection Standard 13 7.1 Temporary Protection 13 7.2 Steel Structure 13 7.3 Reinforced concrete structure 15 8.Cathodic protection design 15 8.1 Objective 15 8.2 Design Considerations 15 8.3 Cathodic protection design life 17 8.4 Surface Area Considerations 17 8.5 Environmental Factors 18 8.6 Protection Current Requirements 19 8.7 Electrical continuity and connection points 22 8.8 Current Loss and Interactions 22 8.9 Installation Considerations During Design 23 9 Sacrificial Anode System 23 9.1 General Rule 23 9.2 Anode utilization rate 23 9.3 Sacrificial Anode Alloy 24 9.4 Anode Selection 24 9.5 Anode requirement 25 9.6 Anode distribution 25 10 Impressed Current System 26 10.1 General Rule 26 10.2 Design Elements 27 10.3 Installation of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System 31 10.4 Temporary power supplies for combined systems and impressed current systems 31 10.5 Electrical connection 32 11 Cable system 32 11.1 General Rule 32 11.2 Cathodic protection DC cable 32 11.3 Inter-array cables and AC transmission cables 33 12 Debugging and Testing 35 12.1 Objective 35 12.2 Sacrificial Anode System 35 12.3 Fixed cathodic protection monitoring system 36 12.4 Impressed Current System 36 13 Cathodic protection testing and monitoring 37 13.1 Objective 37 13.2 General Rule 37 13.3 Reference Electrode 39 13.4 Frequency of detection and monitoring 39 14.Modification of the cathodic protection system 39 14.1 General Rule 39 14.2 Pre-modification inspection 40 14.3 Modifications when protection is insufficient 40 14.4 Modifications for Structural Life Extension 40 14.5 Comprehensive renovation of 41 14.6 Equipment Precautions 42 15 Documents 42 15.1 General Rule 42 15.2 Design Report 42 15.3 Material Specifications 44 15.4 Installation drawings and specifications 47 15.5 Installation and Commissioning Completion Report Requirements 47 15.6 Operation and Maintenance Requirements 47 16 Safety and Cathodic Protection 48 16.1 Objective 48 16.2 Physical obstacles 48 16.3 Protection against electric shock 48 16.4 Gas escape 49 Appendix A (Informative) Environmental Inspection Checklist 50 Appendix B (Normative) Method for Calculating and Calibrating Seawater Current Velocity Using Marine Meteorological Data 51 Appendix C (Informative) Guidelines for Cathode Protection Current Density Requirements for Offshore Wind Energy Structures 61 Appendix D (Informative) Coatings and Coating Failure in Cathodic Protection Design 68 Appendix E (Normative) Anode Resistance and Life Calculation 71 Appendix F (Normative) Calculation of Voltage Drop in Connecting Cables 77 Appendix G (Normative) Typical Electrochemical Characteristics of Commonly Used Impressed Current Assisted Anodes 79 Appendix H (Informative) Design Process of Fixed Monitoring System 81 Appendix I (Informative) Cathodic Protection Model 84 References 87

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document adopts ISO 24656.2022 "Cathode protection of offshore wind structures". The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document. ---The standard title has been changed to "Catholic Protection of Offshore Wind Energy Structures from Corrosion of Metals and Alloys". Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). This document was drafted by. Qingdao Steel Research Institute Nake Testing and Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information and Standardization Research Institute, and Beijing University of Science and Technology. The main drafters of this document are. Yang Zhaohui, Meng Chao, Hou Jie, Li Xiaogang, Wang Xifeng, Li Qian, Du Cuiwei, Li Guolei, and Tian Zijian.

introduction

Cathodic protection (CP) can be used in conjunction with protective coatings to protect the submerged outer surfaces of offshore wind farm structures and appurtenances from seawater or marine environments. Corrosion in the bottom environment. Cathodic protection, along with protective coatings, can be used to protect internally submerged surfaces exposed to the seabed and sediments from corrosion. ISO 12473 details the general principles of cathodic protection in seawater. Cathodic protection involves providing sufficient direct current to the surface of a structure to reduce the potential of the steel to a value where corrosion is negligible or low. Cathodic protection is designed to protect the entire submerged area and the muddy area of a structure from corrosion. The parts not submerged in water are not affected by the cathodic protection system. Protect. This document provides guidelines for the use of existing marine meteorological data. ---Assess the cathodic protection requirements for surfaces in the fully immersed and normally humid areas; ---Determine the seawater flow velocity to evaluate cathodic protection design parameters. This complements the primary use of marine meteorological data in structural design. This document does not require cathodic protection designers to be experts in marine meteorological data; it provides the necessary information for the cathodic protection design process. A guide to the application of data obtained from marine meteorological experts. Corrosion of metals and alloys Cathodic protection of offshore wind energy structures 1.Scope This document specifies the requirements for external and internal cathodic protection of offshore wind farm structures, applicable to structures in contact with seawater or seabed environments. and its accessories. This document relates to. ---Design and implementation of cathodic protection systems for new steel structures; ---Assessment of the remaining life of existing cathodic protection systems; ---The design and implementation of updated cathodic protection systems to improve protection levels or extend protection life; ---Inspect and monitor the performance of the existing cathodic protection system installed on the structure; ---Guidelines for cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included. For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document. ISO 8501-1 Visual assessment of surface cleanliness of steel surfaces before coating – Part 1.Uncoated steel surfaces (of previous coatings) Note. GB/T 8923.1-2011 Visual assessment of surface cleanliness of steel surfaces before coating - Part 1.Uncoated steel surfaces and Rust level and treatment level of steel surface after complete removal of original coating (ISO 8501-1.2007, IDT) Note. GB/T 31316-2014 General Rules for Cathodic Protection of Seawater (ISO 12473.2006, IDT) crete) Note. GB/T 39154-2020 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Cathodic protection of reinforcing steel bars for concrete (ISO 12696.2016, IDT) Note. GB/T 27025-2019 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO /IEC 17025.2017, IDT) Note. GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529.2013, IDT) IEC 61000-1-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 1-2.General principles for the implementation of electrical and electronic systems (including those with electromagnetic phenomena) ...