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Direct current deicers - Part 1: System design
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Direct current de-icing devices -- Part 1: System design and application guide
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 31487.1-2025 (GB/T31487.1-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Direct current deicers - Part 1: System design |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | K46 |
| Classification of International Standard | 29.240.99 |
| Word Count Estimation | 114,187 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-12-31 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-07-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 31487.1-2015 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 31487.1-2025: Direct current deicers - Part 1: System design
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 29.240.99
CCSK46
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 31487.1-2015
DC De-icing Device Part 1.System Design
Published on 2025-12-31
Implemented on July 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction V
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 2
4 Design conditions 7
4.1 Ice Melting Line 7
4.2 DC ice melting device configuration station 7
5 Complete design 8
5.1 General Rules 8
5.2 Methods for melting ice on conductors and ground wires 8
5.3 Main Circuit Parameter Design 8
5.4 System Access Method 9
5.5 Types and Main Electrical Wiring of DC De-icing Devices 9
5.6 Induced voltage and induced current in the ice-melting circuit 10
5.7 Ground wire insulation design for applications requiring de-icing 11
5.8 Overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of DC de-icing device 12
5.9 Connection between DC de-icing device and circuit 13
6.Functional and Performance Requirements 14
6.1 Normal operating conditions of DC de-icing device 14
6.2 Grid-commutated DC de-icing device 15
6.3 Modular Multilevel DC De-icing Device 19
7.Inspection Rule 21
7.1 General Provisions 21
7.2 Type testing and routine testing 22
7.3 Field Test 25
8.Operation and Maintenance 29
8.1 General Rules 29
8.2 Operating Mode 29
8.3 Equipment Maintenance 29
Appendix A (Informative) Calculation Method for De-icing Current of Overhead Lines 31
A.1 Type of Icing on Overhead Lines 31
A.2 Calculation Method for De-icing Current of Overhead Conductors and Ground Wires 31
Appendix B (Informative) Calculation Method for Maximum Allowable De-icing Current of Overhead Lines 42
B.1 Calculation parameter 42
B.2 Calculation method for maximum allowable de-icing current of conductors and ground wires 42
Appendix C (Informative) Electrical Main Wiring of DC De-icing System and Maximum Length of Fusible Conductors and Ground Wires under Typical DC Voltage 53
C.1 Main electrical wiring diagram of DC ice melting system 53
C.2 Typical DC voltage for various de-icing wiring methods; maximum length of fusible conductor and ground wire. 59
Appendix D (Informative) Insulated Grounding Wire Connection and Insulators and Fittings 64
D.1 Tension insulator string 64
D.2 Suspension insulator string 64
D.3 Optical Fiber Junction Box 65
D.4 Optical fiber cable photoelectric separation junction box 65
D.5 Overhead ground wire non-icing section point tension tower ground wire conduction and diversion connection 66
D.6 Tension tower fiber optic composite ground wire connection 67
Appendix E (Informative) Connection between DC de-icing device and de-icing circuit 69
E.1 Icing disconnect switch, grounding switch and their connections within the station 69
E.2 Off-site de-icing isolating switch and grounding switch and their connections 75
E.3 Temporary wiring between DC de-icing device and de-icing circuit 77
Appendix F (Informative) Design Method and Typical Parameters of Main Circuit for DC Ice Melting Device 79
F.1 Design of DC de-icing device with grid phase commutation 79
F.2 Modular Multilevel DC Ice Melting Device Design 88
F.3 Typical parameters of the main circuit of the DC de-icing device 95
Appendix G (Informative) Typical Protection Configuration for DC De-icing Devices 99
G.1 Typical Protection Configuration of DC De-icing Device with Power Grid Phase Commutation 99
G.2 Modular Multilevel DC Ice Melting Device Typical Protection Configuration 100
Appendix H (Informative) DC De-icing Procedure for Conductors and Ground Wires 103
H.1 Line De-energization Conductor DC De-icing Process 103
H.2 Line power outage ground wire DC de-icing process 104
H.3 Line Uninterrupted Grounding DC De-icing Process 105
References 106
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document is Part 1 of GB/T 31487 "DC De-icing Devices". GB/T 31487 has the following parts published.
---Part 1.System Design;
---Part 2.Converter;
---Part 3.Experiment.
This document replaces GB/T 31487.1-2015 "DC De-icing Devices Part 1.System Design and Application Guidelines", and is consistent with GB/T 31487.1-
Compared to.2015, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
---The scope has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2015 edition);
---Added terms "line de-icing during power outages", "line de-icing without power outages", "valve", "converter", "grid phase-commutation converter", and "modularization".
"Multi-level converter", "ice-melting bus", "ground wire ice-melting lead wire", "grid phase-commutated DC ice-melting device", "modular multi-level DC ice-melting device"
"Ice-melting device", "Design ice-melting voltage", "Isolating switch on the ice-melting busbar device side", "Isolating switch on the ice-melting busbar line side", "Conductors and ground"
"Line connection disconnect switch", "Ground wire and lead wire connection disconnect switch", "Conductor short-circuit disconnect switch", "Ground wire short-circuit disconnect switch", "Replacement"
"DC-side grounding switch of converter", "AC-side grounding switch of converter", "DC pole bus grounding switch", "Ice melting bus grounding switch"
"Grounding switch", "Maintenance status", "Cold standby status", "Hot standby status", "AC side hot standby status", "Operating status", "When"
"Pre-state", "Target state", "De-icing sequence control", "Equivalent test", "Maintenance test", "Field test", "Equipment test", "Subsystem test"
"System test" (see 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.1~3.2.4, 3.2.6, 3.2.7, 3.2.9, 3.2.10, 3.3.4, 3.4.1~3.4.11)
3.5.1~3.5.5, 3.6.1~3.6.3, 3.7.3~3.7.8);
---Terms changed to "DC de-icing device", "minimum de-icing current", "design de-icing current", "induced voltage", "induced current", and "maximum allowable".
"Xu Rongbing current", "rated input voltage", "rated output current", "rated output voltage", "rated output power", "minimum operating voltage"
The definition of "flow" (see 3.2.8, 3.3.1~3.3.3, 3.3.5~3.3.11, and 3.2, 3.7~3.10, 3.14, 3.18 and 3.18 in the.2015 edition)
3.19);
---The term "subsystem" has been removed (see 3.4 in the.2015 edition);
---The design conditions have been changed (see Chapter 4, 4.1-4.3 of the.2015 edition);
---Changes have been made to the "General Rules for Complete Set Design", "Main Circuit Parameter Design", "System Connection Method", and "DC Ice Melting Device Type and Electrical Main Connection".
The regulations regarding "Line", "Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of DC De-icing Device", and "Connection of DC De-icing Device to Line" (see 5.1, 5.3~)
5.5, 5.8, and 5.9 (5.1-5.6 in the.2015 edition);
---Added "Methods for melting ice in conductors and ground wires", "Induced voltage and induced current in ice melting circuits", and "Insulation of ground wires requiring ice melting".
The design specifications are detailed in sections 5.2, 5.6, and 5.7.
---The provisions regarding "installation," "fire prevention," and "ventilation" have been removed (see sections 5.7 and 5.8 of the.2015 edition);
---The following have been revised. "General Rules for DC Ice Melting Devices with Power Grid Commutation," "Control Functions," "Fault Types and Protection Functions," "Harmonic Performance," and "Losses."
Radio interference, converter transformer, DC measuring device, control and protection device, AC side filter, DC side isolation switch
The regulations for "shutdown", "DC side grounding switch", "DC side surge arrester" and "other equipment" (see 6.2.1~6.2.3, 6.2.4.1, 6.2.4.2)
Versions 6.2.4.4, 6.2.5.2, 6.2.5.4~6.2.5.9 and 6.2.5.11, and versions 6.1, 6.2, 6.4~6.6, 6.8, 7.3, and 7.6~ (2015 edition)
7.11);
---Added "Normal Operating Conditions of DC Ice Melting Devices", "Technical Requirements for Power Grid Phase-Changing Converters", "DC Side Grounding Switch", and "DC Side..."
The provisions regarding "protective gaps" and "modular multilevel DC de-icing devices" (see 6.1, 6.2.5.1, 6.2.5.9, 6.2.5.10, and 6.3);
---The provisions regarding "equivalent test," "thyristor valve," "cooling equipment," "commutation reactor," and "valve reactor" have been deleted (see the.2015 version).
(6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.4 and 7.5)
---The section on "Research on Ice Melting Operation Modes" has been deleted (see Chapter 8 of the.2015 edition);
---Added provisions for "Inspection Rules" (see Chapter 7);
---The regulations for the operation and maintenance of DC de-icing devices have been changed (see Chapter 8, Chapter 9 of the.2015 edition).
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Power Electronic Systems and Equipment (SAC/TC60).
This document was drafted by. China Southern Power Grid Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., and the Power Planning Bureau.
Hou Xiaoping, Qin Kang, Li Chao, Liu Chao, Yang Lin, Wang Xiaoling, Liao Mingyang, Liu Yongxin, Rao Binbin, Lin Xutao, Huang Shihua, Wang Jiefeng, Deng Chaoping
Lin Ziqi, Ji Chuanqi, Guo Pei, Peng Guangqiang, Zhang Yining, Luo Wei, Wu Yimin, Wu Guangning, Guan Shengli, Cai Dingguo.
The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows.
---First published in.2015 as GB/T 31487.1-2015;
---This is the first revision.
Introduction
Icing is one of the most serious threats to power grids. Icing on transmission lines is unavoidable, and timely de-icing is an effective means to ensure power grid safety.
Passing current through ice-covered conductors and ground wires to heat and melt the ice is a feasible method to deal with tower collapses and line breaks in transmission lines. The.2008 ice storm caused damage to my country's power grid.
Extensive equipment damage led to widespread power outages. In response, Chinese power technology engineers successfully developed a grid-connected phase-commutator with precise current control.
The company conducted comprehensive research and development on DC de-icing devices, including the design, manufacturing, testing, acceptance, operation, and maintenance of DC de-icing devices for power grid phase commutation.
To ensure that the functional requirements, performance indicators, and testing methods of DC ice-melting devices are consistently followed in design, production, and use, a common standard must be established.
According to reports, my country has established a standard system for the technical conditions of DC ice-melting devices. More than 10 years of practical application of this series of standards has shown that timely implementation of DC...
Melting ice plays a vital role in protecting transmission lines and towers from damage, reducing line tripping, and ensuring system safety. It effectively reduces...
Damage to power grid equipment caused by freezing can be mitigated by avoiding widespread line breaks and tower collapses, and significantly reducing the cost of power grid construction. In recent years, with the development of new-generation...
Grid-friendly DC de-icing device – Modular multilevel DC de-icing device, transmission line overhead ground wire and fiber optic composite overhead ground wire de-icing
Successful research and development and promotion of ice technology, uninterrupted power transmission line ground wire de-icing technology, and switchgear for rapid connection of iced conductors and ground wires to de-icing power supply.
To facilitate wider application, it is necessary to integrate the innovative achievements of DC ice melting technology into technical standards, further improve the level of DC ice melting technology standards, and revise the relevant regulations.
GB/T 31487 "DC De-icing Device". Due to space limitations and varying user needs, GB/T 31487 is proposed to consist of three parts.
---Part 1.System Design. The purpose is to clarify the system design, inspection, operation, and maintenance requirements of the DC de-icing device.
---Part 2.Converters. The purpose is to clarify the grid-commutated converters and modular multilevel converters in DC de-icing devices.
Technical requirements.
---Part 3.Experimentation. The purpose is to clarify the experimental methods for the DC de-icing device.
This revision of GB/T 31487 mainly adds modular multilevel DC de-icing devices, overhead ground wires for transmission lines, and optical fiber...
Design of equipment for de-icing overhead ground wires, de-icing of transmission line ground wires without power interruption, and quick connection of iced conductors and ground wires to de-icing power supply, etc.
Inspection rules and test methods.
DC De-icing Device Part 1.System Design
1 Scope
This document defines the terminology for DC ice-melting device system design and specifies the design conditions, complete system design, functions, and...
Performance requirements, inspection rules, operation and maintenance requirements.
This document applies to the de-icing of conductors and ground wires of 110kV and above AC transmission lines, and the de-icing of ground wires of DC transmission lines, for grid phase-change DC transmission.
The de-icing device and modular multilevel DC de-icing device are used as references for other voltage level transmission lines and other types of DC de-icing devices.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB/T 311.1 Insulation Coordination Part 1.Definitions, Principles and Rules
GB/T 311.2 Insulation Coordination Part 2.Application Guidelines
GB/T 311.3 Insulation Coordination Part 3.Insulation Coordination Procedure for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations
GB/T 1094.1-2013 Power Transformers - Part 1.General Provisions
GB/T 1094.2-2013 Power Transformers - Part 2.Temperature Rise of Liquid-Immersed Transformers
GB/T 1094.3-2017 Power Transformers - Part 3.Insulation Levels, Insulation Tests and External Insulation Air Gap
GB/T 1094.6-2011 Power Transformers - Part 6.Reactors
GB/T 1094.10-2022 Power Transformers - Part 10.Sound Level Measurement
GB/T 1984 High Voltage AC Circuit Breakers
GB/T 1985-2023 High-voltage AC disconnect switches and grounding switches
GB 3096 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise
GB/T 7261 Basic Test Methods for Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Devices
Common technical requirements for GB/T 11022 High-voltage AC switchgear and controlgear standards
GB/T 11024.1 Parallel capacitors for AC power systems with nominal voltage above 1000V - Part 1.General provisions
GB/T 11032-2020 AC gapless metal oxide surge arresters
GB 12348-2008 Emission Standard for Environmental Noise at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises
GB/T 14549 Power Quality - Harmonics in Public Power Grids
GB/T 15543 Power Quality - Three-phase Voltage Imbalance
GB/T 15945 Power Quality - Frequency Deviation of Power Systems
GB/T 17623 Gas Chromatography Determination of Dissolved Gas Components in Insulating Oil
GB/T 18494.2-2022 Converter Transformers - Part 2.Converter Transformers for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission
GB/T 20840.1 Instrument Transformers - Part 1.General Technical Requirements
GB/T 20840.2 Instrument Transformers - Part 2.Supplementary Technical Requirements for Current Transformers
GB/T 20840.3 Instrument Transformers - Part 3.Supplementary Technical Requirements for Electromagnetic Voltage Transformers
GB/T 20994 Parallel capacitors and AC filter capacitors for high voltage direct current transmission systems
GB/T 26216.1 DC current measuring devices for high voltage direct current transmission systems – Part 1.Electronic DC current measuring devices
...
