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General requirements for arc fault detection and protection devices (AFDD)
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 31143-2025 (GB/T31143-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | General requirements for arc fault detection and protection devices (AFDD) |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | K31 |
| Classification of International Standard | 29.120.01; 29.120.50 |
| Word Count Estimation | 146,156 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-05 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-05-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 31143-2014 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 31143-2025: General requirements for arc fault detection and protection devices (AFDD)
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 29.120.01;29.120.50
CCSK31
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 31143-2014
Arc Fault Detection and Protection Devices (AFDD)
General requirements
(IEC 62606.2022, MOD)
Published on 2025-10-05
Implemented on May 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VII
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 4.
4.Classification 6.
4.1 Classified by structural type 6
4.2 Classified by installation and connection method into 7
4.3 Classified according to the number of poles and the number of current loops. 7
4.4 AFDD 7 provides monitoring information
5.Characteristics of AFDD 7.
5.1 Characteristic Summary and Conditions for Reducing Fire Hazard 7
5.2 Rated Quantities and Other Characteristics 8
5.3 Standard Values and Preferred Values 8
5.4 Standard value of rated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp) 11
5.5 Coordination with Short Circuit Protective Devices (SCPDs) 11
6.Logos and other product information 12
6.1 Mark 12
6.2 Additional markings for AFDDs classified according to 4.1.1 13
7.Standard operating conditions for use and installation 14
7.1 Standard Condition 14
7.2 Installation conditions 14
7.3 Pollution Level 14
8.Structural and operational requirements 14
8.1 General Requirements 14
8.2 Mechanical Design 15
8.3 Electric shock protection 20
8.4 Dielectric properties and isolation capability 20
8.5°C, temperature rise 20°C
8.6 Motion Characteristics 21
8.7 Mechanical and electrical life 22
8.8 Performance under short-circuit current 22
8.9 Resistance to mechanical shock and impact 22
8.10 Heat resistance 22
8.11 Resistant to abnormal heat and fire 22
8.12 AFDD Characteristics under Overcurrent Conditions in Main Circuit 22
8.13 Characteristics of AFDD when surge current is induced by impulse voltage 22
8.14 Reliability 22
8.15 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 23
8.16 Shielding test for proper operation when various electrical appliances are connected to the load side 23
8.17 Performance of the AFD test apparatus 23
8.18 Performance under power connection failure 23
9.Experimental Procedure 23
9.1 General Requirements 23
9.2 Test conditions 25
9.3 Durability test of marking 26
9.4 Reliability testing of screws, current-carrying components and connections 26
9.5 Reliability testing of terminals used for external wiring 27
9.6 Electric Shock Protection Verification 28
9.7 Dielectric Performance Verification 28
9.8 Temperature rise test 34
9.9 Verify motion characteristics 34
9.10 Verify mechanical and electrical life 41
9.11 Verify the operation of AFDD under short-circuit conditions 42
9.12 Verification of resistance to mechanical vibration and impact 48
9.13 Heat resistance test 51
9.14 Resistant to abnormal heat and fire 51
9.15 Verification of the free-release mechanism 52
9.16 Rust prevention test 52
9.17 Verify the limit value of the non-operating current during overcurrent. 52
9.18 Verification of AFDD performance under surge current generated by impulse voltage 53
9.19 Verification of Reliability 53
9.20 Verification of the anti-aging performance of electronic components 55
9.21 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 55
9.22 Verification of overvoltage protection in a three-phase system caused by a neutral line disconnection 58
9.23 Verify performance under power connection failure conditions 58
Appendix A (Normative) Test Procedures and Sample Quantities for Certification Testing 81
A.1 Test Procedure 81
A.2 Number of specimens submitted for all test procedures. 85
A.3 When a series of AFDDs with the same basic design structure are submitted for testing simultaneously, the simplified test procedure requires 86 samples.
Appendix B (Normative) Determining Electrical Clearances and Creepage Distances 88
B.1 Direction and location of creepage distance 88
B.2 Creepage distance using one or more types of insulation materials. 88
B.3 Creepage distance separated by conductive floating components 88
B.4 Measurement of electrical clearance and creepage distance 88
Appendix C (Normative) Apparatus for Detecting Free Gas Ejection in Short-Circuit Tests 93
Appendix D (Normative) Field assembly of specialized main protection equipment (circuit breakers, RCCBs, or RCBOs) as classified in 4.1.3
Additional requirements and tests for AFDD 95
D.1 General requirement 95
D.2 Range 95
D.3 Definition 95
D.4 Markings and other product information 95
D.5 Structural Requirements 96
D.6 Type Testing and Validation 97
D.7 Routine Tests of AFD Units 98
Appendix E (Normative) Routine Tests 99
E.1 General requirement 99
E.2 Tripping Test 99
E.3 Dielectric strength test 99
Appendix F (Informative) Description of Vibration Arc Test 100
Appendix G (Informative) Method for determining short-circuit power factor 102
G.1 General requirements 102
G.2 Formula 102 for the DC component
G.3 Formula 102 for determining the phase angle ϕ
Appendix H (Informative) Terminal Design Example 103
Appendix I (Informative) ISO and AWG Copper Conductor Comparison 106
Appendix J (Informative) Follow-up Study of AFDD 107
J.1 General requirement 107
J.2 Follow-up Test Procedure 107
Appendix K (Informative) SCPD 110 for Short Circuit Test
K.1 General Rule 110
K.2 Silver Wire 110
K.3 Declaration of Protective Electrical Appliances 110
K.4 Other devices 111
Appendix L (Normative) Special Requirements for AFDDs with Unthreaded Terminal Blocks for Connecting External Copper Conductors 112
L.1 Scope of Application 112
L.2 Normative references 112
L.3 Terms and Definitions 112
L.4 Category 113
L.5 AFDD characteristics 113
L.6 Mark 113
L.7 Standard Operating Conditions for Use and Installation 113
L.8 Structural and operational requirements 113
L.9 Test 115
L.10 References 118
Appendix M (Normative) Special Requirements for AFDDs with Flat Quick-Connect Terminals 119
M.1 Scope of Application 119
M.2 Normative References 119
M.3 Terms and Definitions 119
M.4 Category 119
M.5 AFDD Features 119
M.6 logo and other product information 119
M.7 Standard Operating Conditions for Use and Installation 120
M.8 Structural and operational requirements 120
M.9 Test 121
Appendix N (Normative) Aluminum terminals with threaded terminals for connecting external untreated aluminum wires and for connecting copper or aluminum wires.
Special requirements for threaded terminal blocks AFDD 125
N.1 Scope of Application 125
N.2 Normative references 125
N.3 Terms and Definitions 125
N.4 Category 126
N.5 AFDD characteristics 126
N.6 Markings and other product information 126
N.7 Standard operating conditions for use and installation 126
N.8 Structural and operational requirements 126
N.9 Test 127
References 134
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document supersedes GB/T 31143-2014 "General Requirements for Arc Fault Protection Devices (AFDD)" and is consistent with GB/T 31143-2014.
In comparison, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
---The rated voltage has been changed to no more than 440V AC (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2014 edition);
---Added classifications and characteristics for tri- and quadri-polar AFDDs (see 4.3 and 5.3.1);
---Added performance requirements and tests for power connection failures (see 8.18 and 9.23);
---Added test requirements for the four-electrode AFDD in the temperature rise test (see 9.8.2);
---Added a test and test circuit diagram for the correct operation of a three-phase system with unbalanced load and arcing (see 9.9.2.8 and...).
Figure 38);
---Added a test and test circuit diagram for the correct operation of a three-phase system under load balancing when an electric arc occurs (see 9.9.2.9 and Figure 38);
---Added suppressive load shielding tests and test circuit diagrams for three-pole and four-pole AFDD (see 9.9.4.5 and Figure 39);
---Added test circuit diagrams for three-pole and four-pole AFDD circuits with various interference loads (see 9.9.5.5 and Figure 39);
---Added requirements and test circuit diagrams for three-pole and four-pole AFDD in short-circuit tests (see 9.11.2.2 and Figure 19);
---The marking of AFDD after the circuit breaker or RCD and AFD unit assembly has been changed (see D.4.2.3, D.4.2.3,.2014 version).
This document is modified to adopt IEC 62606.2022 "General requirements for arc fault detection and protection devices (AFDD)".
The technical differences between this document and IEC 62606.2022, and the reasons therefor, are as follows.
---IEC 60664-1.2007 (5.2.1.3, 8.2.3, 9.7.7.5, B.3) has been replaced by the normatively referenced GB/T 16935.1-2023.
and B.4).
---The requirements and tests for a rated voltage of 120V have been removed (see Table 2, 9.9.2.6, 9.9.3.2, 9.9.4.2, 9.9.4.3, 9.9.4.4, and 9.9).
4.5, 9.9.5.2, 9.9.5.4, and 9.9.5.5).
---Add footnote a to Table 1.This explains that the test arc current is the expected current in the test circuit before arcing occurs, and is consistent with the test current in Table 3.
The arc current specifications are the same. Also, delete the clause in 9.9.2.1 that states, "Considering the arc voltage value during the test, by applying a rated current..."
A voltage drop of 50V is applied to adjust the test current so that no arc is generated in the cable test specimen. (This is a paragraph from a test method.)
All locations using the minimum test current of 2.5A have been changed to 3A (see Tables 1, 9.9.2.1, 9.9.4.2, 9.9.4.3, 9.9.4.4, 9.9.4.5).
9.9.5.4, 9.9.5.5 and E.2).
---In Appendix E, for AFDDs that meet the classification of 4.1.2, the relevant test requirements are supplemented (see E.1).
The following editorial changes have been made to this document.
---Modify the table order, changing Table 22 to Table 21 in the original text (see 5.3.1 and Table 21);
---Modify Figure 8 by changing "1.27mm" to "3mm" to match the description in 9.9.3.2 (see Figure 8);
---GB/T 16917.1 (see 6.2.2) has been added to the AFDD-connectable protective electrical appliance standard;
---The appendices are renumbered in the order of A to N, with the structure consistent with the original international text.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Low Voltage Electrical Appliances (SAC/TC189).
This document was drafted by. Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute, Shanghai Chint Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Delixi Electric Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Liang
Xin Electric Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tianzheng Electric Co., Ltd., Schneider Electric (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai Branch, Shanghai Anyi
Jiji Enterprise Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai Siemens Line Protection Systems Co., Ltd., Hebei University of Technology, Suzhou Yieryi Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Limited Liability Company, Zhongshan Kaipu Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Renmin Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Meigao Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao Dingxin Communication Co., Ltd.
Limited Liability Company, Jiangsu Mite Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Chuangqi Electric Co., Ltd., Beijing Beiyuan Electric Co., Ltd., Huawei Technologies
Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Aolai Electric Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Dayue Intelligent Electric Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Huajia Electric Co., Ltd., Suzhou Wanlong Electric
Gas Group Co., Ltd., Garcia Electronics & Electrical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Kailong Electric Co., Ltd., Yueqing Yijin Electronics Co., Ltd.
Company, Zhejiang University, Shenzhen Manton Technology Co., Ltd., Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd. Dehong Power Supply Bureau, Zhejiang Deling Technology Co., Ltd.
Company, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Inspection Co., Ltd., Yunnan Tuozhou Technology Co., Ltd., Shengpu Electric Co., Ltd., Aidi Electric
(Suzhou) Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Wang Yuxuan, Ge Weijun, Bai Jianshe, Jiang Aixian, Gao Ping, Xiang Le, Qian Bingjun, Xiong Houyu, Wang Yao, and Li Chengli.
Zou Jianhua, Bao Zhizhou, Xu Xiangbing, Wang Jianhua, Shi Mengyun, Jiang Song, Dong Aili, Xiao Zhiming, Lin Kai, Li Guanyong, Huang Guangfa, Cheng Yubiao, Mu Jiakai,
Wu Ye, Lü Xuexue, Zhu Hongwei, Wei Shouxun, Yang Tianguo, Chen Jianjing, Ma Lin, Yang Yongxiang, Li Tiejun, Sun Haiwei.
The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows.
---First published in.2014 as GB/T 31143-2014;
---This is the first revision.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to specify the necessary technical requirements and test procedures for arc fault protection devices (AFDDs). AFDDs are to be tested by professionals.
Personnel should install them in homes and similar locations to reduce the risk of electrical fires at their outlet terminals.
As is well known, residual current devices (RCDs) can detect leakage current in electrical devices and the residual current caused by tracking current.
Ground-ignition arcing effectively reduces fire hazard. However, in reality, RCDs, fuses, or miniature circuit breakers cannot reduce the risk of fire caused by series connections between live conductors.
Electrical fire hazard caused by electric arc or parallel electric arc.
When a series arc fault occurs, no leakage current to ground is generated, so the RCD cannot detect this type of fault. Furthermore, series...
The fault impedance of the electric arc reduces the load current, causing it to fall below the tripping threshold of the miniature circuit breaker or fuse. This occurs between the phase conductor and the neutral conductor.
In the event of parallel arcing, the current is limited only by the impedance of the device. The most severe case is sporadic arcing, which traditional circuit breakers do not...
It was designed for this purpose.
Practical experience and existing information confirm that the root mean square value of the ground fault current that causes a fire cannot be limited to the rated current of 50/60Hz.
Source frequency, which may include higher frequencies not considered when testing the RCD.
The risk of fire inside electrical installations can also be a result of overvoltage caused by a break in the neutral line of a three-phase installation.
This document includes AFDDs specifically installed on a distribution board at the terminal circuit inlet of a fixed electrical installation.
Arc Fault Detection and Protection Devices (AFDD)
General requirements
1 Scope
This document applies to rated voltages not exceeding AC 440V, rated frequencies of 50Hz, 60Hz, or 50/60Hz, and rated currents not exceeding [missing information].
Arc fault protection device for household and similar AC circuits of 63A, hereinafter referred to as AFDD.
Note 1.The arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) in the United States is similar to the arc fault circuit interrupter (AFDD).
AFDD can be designed by the manufacturer as.
---A single electrical appliance with a disconnecting mechanism that can disconnect the protected circuit under specified conditions; or
---As a single electrical appliance, the arc fault protection function is embedded in the protective appliance or assembled with the protective appliance by the manufacturer; or
---As a separate unit, it is assembled on-site with the declared protective electrical appliances as per Appendix D.
The combined protective electrical equipment shall be a circuit breaker conforming to GB/T 10963.1 or conforming to GB/T 16916.1, GB/T 16917.1, or GB/T
22794 Residual current operated protective device (RCD).
Under certain conditions, if arcing continues, the arc fault current can cause a fire hazard. These devices are intended to reduce the risk of fire.
Fire hazard in the terminal circuit of electrical equipment.
Overvoltage caused by a break in the neutral wire of a three-phase electrical installation, leading to a fire, can also be protected against using this type of device as an additional protection.
For the choice, see 9.22.
Note 2.Tracking current can cause arcing, which may lead to fire.
This document applies to applications capable of detecting and identifying arc currents associated with fire risks, and defining operational requirements under specified conditions for use in fire-prone environments.
An electrical appliance that disconnects the circuit when the arc current exceeds the limit specified in this document.
AFDD conforming to this document applies to IT systems, except for AFDD with a non-disconnectable neutral line.
This document does not cover AFDDs powered by circuits other than the protected circuit or by batteries.
AFDD is intended to be operated by non-professionals, requires no maintenance, and provides isolation.
Special requirements may be required for the following products.
---AFDD combined with plugs and sockets or electrical couplers for household or similar general purposes;
---Intended for use at frequencies other than 50Hz or 60Hz in AFDD.
Note 3.For AFDDs that are installed in plugs and sockets, or AFDDs specifically designed for plugs and sockets, the technical requirements in this document can be used in conjunction with GB/T 2099.1.
(where applicable)
When excessively high overvoltages may occur on the power supply side, special measures (such as surge protectors) may be required.
The technical requirements in this document apply to normal temperature environmental conditions, which are suitable for applications intended for pollution degree 2 and overvoltage classes.
AFDD of type III. For AFDD used in areas with harsh environmental conditions, it can supplement the necessary technical requirements.
Note 4.DC AFDD is under consideration.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
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