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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 24816-2017 (GB/T24816-2017) |
| Description (Translated English) | Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes -- Grade 8, medium tolerance sling chains for chain slings |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | J80 |
| Word Count Estimation | 20,224 |
| Date of Issue | 2017-09-07 |
| Date of Implementation | 2018-04-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 24816-2009 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China |
GB/T 24816-2017: Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes -- Grade 8, medium tolerance sling chains for chain slings
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes--Grade 8, medium to lerance sling chains for chain slings
ICS 53.020.30
J80
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 24816-2009
General lifting steel short chain
8 grade medium precision chain for hanging chain
(ISO 3076.2012, Roundsteelshortlinkchainsforgeneralliftingpurposes-
Mediumtoleranceslingchainsforchainslings-Grade8, IDT)
Published on.2017-09-07
2018-04-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Acceptance General 1
5 size 2
5.1 nominal size dn 2
5.2 Material Diameter and Tolerance 4
5.3 Weld diameter 4
5.4 Welding effect length 4
5.5 pitch 4
5.6 width 4
6 Materials and Manufacturing 4
6.1 Quality of materials 4
6.2 Heat treatment 5
6.3 Ultimate Working Load (WLL) 5
6.4 Mechanical properties 6
7 Safety requirements test 10
7.1 Batch and sampling 10
7.2 Manufacturing verification force, breaking force and total ultimate elongation 10
7.3 Bending 10
7.4 Chain toughness 11
8 mark 11
8.1 Level Mark 11
8.2 Identification Mark 11
8.3 Inspection Mark 12
9 Manufacturing Certificate 12
Appendix A (informative) Calculation Benchmark 13
Appendix B (informative) Chain quality 15
Appendix C (informative) Marking method 16
Reference 17
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces GB/T 24816-2009 "8-level ordinary precision chain for lifting short chain chain hoisting", and GB/T 24816-
The main technical changes in.2009 are as follows.
---Modified standard name (see cover, cover of.2009 edition);
--- Revised scope (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2009 edition);
--- Revised the size requirements (see Chapter 5, Chapter 5 of the.2009 edition);
--- Revised materials, heat treatment and manufacturing (see Chapter 6, Chapter 6 of the.2009 edition);
--- Replace "test requirements" and "inspection" with "safety requirements test" (see Chapter 7, Chapters 7-8 of the.2009 edition);
--- Modified the mark (see Chapter 8, Chapter 9 of the.2009 edition);
--- Removed the original Appendix A "8-level ordinary precision chain temporary additional size" (Appendix A of the.2009 edition);
--- Increase the informative appendix "calculation basis" "chain weight" and "marking method" (see Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C);
--- Added references (see references).
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 3076.2012 "General lifting steel short chain chain sling with 8 medium-precision chain".
The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this standard are as follows.
---GB/T 229-2007 Metallic material Charpy pendulum impact test method (ISO 148-1.2006, MOD)
---GB/T 702-2008 Hot rolled steel rod size, shape, weight and tolerance (ISO 1035-1.1980, MOD)
---GB/T 14981-2009 Hot rolled strip size, shape, weight and tolerance (ISO 16124.2004, MOD)
---GB/T 16825.1-2008 Inspection of static single-axis testing machine (Part 1). Tension and/or pressure testing machine force measuring system
Inspection and calibration (ISO 7500-1.2004, IDT)
---GB/T 19748-2005 Steel Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test instrumentation test method (ISO 14556.
2000, MOD)
---GB/T 20946-2007 General rules for the acceptance of short loop chains for lifting (ISO 1834.1999, IDT)
This standard has made the following editorial changes.
--- Table 1, the representation of columns 1 and 2 is consistent with the other columns;
--- Added "Note" in 6.2.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Crane Machinery Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC227).
This standard is drafted by. Anji Changhong Chain Co., Ltd., Beijing Crane Transportation Machinery Design and Research Institute.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Zhejiang Double Bird Machinery Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Guanlin Machinery Co., Ltd., Juli Rigging Co., Ltd., heavy
Qingwei Drilling Equipment Co., Ltd., Shandong Shenli Rigging Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Huan Chain Machinery Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Wang Fuhua, Cai Yasen, Qian Yangtian, Yang Weibo, Zhang Hong, Guo Qirong, Zhang Tixue, Zhu Yuhua.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are.
---GB/T 24816-2009.
General lifting steel short chain
8 grade medium precision chain for hanging chain
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for a class 8 medium precision chain for general lifting chains.
The chain (3dn) is a steel short chain that has been welded, heat treated and tested and complies with the acceptance criteria of ISO 1834.
Note 1. Butt welding and flash butt welding are listed in ISO 4063.
This standard applies to chains with a nominal size of 4mm~45mm. It is used at temperatures ranging from -40 ° C to 400 ° C.
Note 2. The use and maintenance of the 8-level medium precision chain can be found in ISO 3056.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
ISO 148-1 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1. Test method (Metalicmaterials-Charpy
pendulumimpacttest-Part 1.Testmethod)
Micrograph determination of ISO 643 steel surface particle size (Steels-Micrographicdetermination of theapparent
Grainize)
ISO 1035-1 Hot rolled steel bars - Part 1. Round steel dimensions (Hot-roledsteelbars-Part 1. Dimensionsof
Roundbars)
ISO 1834 Lifting Short Chain Chain Acceptance General (Shortlinkchainforliftingpurposes-Generalconditionsof
Acceptance)
Testing of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1 . Tests and corrections for tensile and/or pressure testing machines
Positive (Metalicmaterials-Verificationofstaticuniaxialtestingmachines-Part 1.Tension/compression
testingmachines-Verificationandcalibrationoftheforce-measuringsystem)
ISO 14556 steel Charpy V-cutting pendulum impact test instrument test method (Steel-CharpyV-notchpendulum
impacttest-Instrumentedtestmethod)
ISO 16124 Steel Wire Dimensions and Tolerances (Steelwirerod-Dimensionsandtolerances)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined by ISO 1834 apply to this document.
4 General inspection and acceptance
The chain shall comply with the requirements of ISO 1834 and this standard.
5 size
5.1 nominal size dn
The nominal size dn of the chain shall comply with the first column of Table 1. It is used with the wire or press according to ISO 16124 for the manufacture of chains.
The nominal dimensions of the bars required by ISO 1035-1 correspond.
For other nominal dimensions, see Appendix A for the calculation of dimensions and tolerances.
Note. The nominal size of the intermediate link increases the risk of mismatch with the mating part. Assembly of chain manufacturers and components ensures that the chain and parts are compatible
Should be.
Table 1 Dimensions are in millimeters
Nominal size pitch width weld diameter
Dn tolerance pn tolerance
Type 2 inner width
W1
Min
1, 2 type outer width
W3
Max
Type 1 inner width
W4
Min
Type 1, 2
Dw
Max
Type 2
Max
4 0.08/-0.24 12 ±0.4 5.0 14.8 5.2 4.4 5.0
6 0.12/-0.36 18 ±0.5 7.5 22.2 7.8 6.6 7.5
7 0.14/-0.42 21 ±0.6 8.8 25.9 9.1 7.7 8.8
8 0.16/-0.48 24 ±0.7 10.0 29.6 10.4 8.8 10.0
10 0.20/-0.60 30 ±0.9 12.5 37.0 13.0 11.0 12.5
13 0.26/-0.78 39 ±1.2 16.3 48.1 16.9 14.3 16.3
16 0.32/-0.96 48 ±1.4 20.0 59.2 20.8 17.6 20.0
18 ±0.9 54 ±1.6 22.5 66.6 23.4 19.8 22.5
19 ±0.95 57 ±1.7 23.8 70.3 24.7 20.9 23.8
20 ±1.0 60 ±1.8 25.0 74.0 26.0 22.0 25.0
22 ±1.1 66 ±2.0 27.5 81.4 28.6 24.2 27.5
26 ±1.3 78 ±2.3 32.5 96.2 33.8 28.6 32.5
28 ±1.4 84 ±2.5 35.0 104.0 36.4 30.8 35.0
32 ±1.6 96 ±2.9 40.0 118.0 41.6 35.2 40.0
36 ±1.8 108 ±3.2 45.0 133.0 46.8 39.6 45.0
40 ±2.0 120 ±3.6 50.0 148.0 52.0 44.0 50.0
45 ± 2.25 135 ± 4.1 56.3 167.0 58.5 49.5 56.3
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
Description.
P --- pitch (length within the chain);
Dm --- the diameter of the material measured at the non-weld joint;
Dw --- diameter measured at the weld (type 1)
Or weld size of the vertical link plane (type 2);
G --- size on other planes (type 2);
e --- welding affects the length, from the center of the link to either side;
W1---Inner width outside the weld (type 2);
W3---the outer width of the weld (type 1 and type 2);
W4---The inner width of the weld (type 1).
Figure 1 link
5.2 Material Diameter and Tolerance
The definition and determination of the material diameter shall be in accordance with ISO 1834. The diameter tolerance of the nominal size shall be in accordance with the second column of Table 1, the calculation method
See Appendix A.
5.3 Weld diameter
The maximum diameter of the weld shall not exceed the following requirements (see columns 8 and 9 of Figure 1 and Table 1).
---1 type, the maximum diameter of any section at the weld shall not exceed 10% of the nominal size.
---2 type, the maximum diameter of the section perpendicular to the plane of the weld ring shall not exceed 10% of the nominal size, and any other section shall not
More than 25%.
Note. Type 1 welded chain, by limiting the diameter of the weld to no more than 10% of the nominal size, to avoid the problem of kinking or jamming; type 2 welded chain, only in the chain
Some areas of the ring allow welds to exceed 10% of the size specified in Type 1 (see Figure 1) to provide the required clearance to ensure no kinks and jams.
5.4 Welding effect length
The weld affects length e, which should not exceed 0.6 dn on either side of the center of the link (see Figure 1).
5.5 pitch
The dimensions and tolerances of the pitch P shall be in accordance with Tables 3 and 4 of Table 1 and Figure 1 for calculation. See Appendix A for calculations.
5.6 width
The width W shall be in accordance with Tables 5, 6, and 7 of Table 1 and Figure 1 for calculation. See Appendix A for calculations.
6 Materials and manufacturing
6.1 Quality of materials
The manufacturer shall select the steel according to the provisions of 6.1.1~6.1.4 so that the finished chain after proper heat treatment can meet the requirements of this standard.
Mechanical properties. And has sufficient low temperature ductility and toughness against impact loads.
To achieve low temperature ductility and toughness, the alloying elements shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of 6.1.5 or in accordance with the requirements of 6.4.5 Toughness Test.
6.1.1 Steel
Steel should be smelted by electric furnace or oxygen converter.
6.1.2 Deoxygenation
The steel shall be killed steel and a suitable deoxidation process shall be used to achieve austenitic grade 6 grain size when measured in accordance with ISO 643
Or finer grade.
In order to stabilize the chain during use and prevent strain aging, the aluminum content of the steel is 0.025%~0.050%.
6.1.3 Solderability
Steel should have good weldability.
6.1.4 Sulfur and phosphorus content
The content of sulfur and phosphorus in the steel shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Sulfur and phosphorus content
element
Maximum content
Smelting analysis
Inspection analysis
Sulfur 0.020 0.025
Phosphorus 0.020 0.025
Total sulfur and phosphorus 0.035 0.045
6.1.5 alloying elements
The steel should contain a sufficient amount of alloying elements so that the finished chain after heat treatment in accordance with 6.2 can meet the requirements of this standard.
Mechanical performance. And has sufficient low temperature ductility and toughness against impact loads.
The steel should contain nickel and at least one other element, the percentage of which is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Alloy element content
element
Minimum content (melting analysis)
Nickel 0.40
Chromium 0.40
Molybdenum 0.15
6.1.6 Finished product status
When inspecting and analyzing on a bar, wire or finished chain, the steel supplied to the manufacturer shall comply with the provisions of 6.1.1~6.1.4 and 6.1.5.
Claim.
6.2 Heat treatment
The chain shall be quenched and tempered at a temperature above the Ac3 point before being subjected to manufacturing verification force (MPF), FMP, and the tempering temperature is not
Below 400 ° C.
The chain manufacturer should ensure that the chain is tempered at an effective temperature of not less than 400 ° C and held for 1 h. The recommended verification method is.
Reheating the chain sample, the tempering temperature is not lower than 400 ° C, holding for 1 h, cooling to room temperature after the test, the sample should meet the table 5
Claim.
For the chain to be surface treated other than the primary color chain, before the surface treatment, the sample chain to be verified should be taken out and reheated.
After that, a verification test is performed.
Note. The primary color chain is a gray-black chain that is naturally oxidized after heat treatment.
6.3 Ultimate Working Load (WLL)
The nominal working load value (WLL) for nominal dimensions is shown in Table 4, and the calculation is given in Appendix A.
Table 4 Ultimate working load and test requirements
Nominal size
Dn
Mm
Extreme working load
(WLL)
Manufacturing Verification (MPF), FMP
Min
kN
Breaking force (BF)
FB
Min
kN
Curvature
Min
Mm
4 0.5 13 20 3.2
6 1.12 28 45 4.8
7 1.5 38 62 5.6
8 2 50 80 6.4
10 3.15 79 130 8
13 5.3 130 210 10
16 8.200 320 13
18 10 250 410 14
19 11.5 280 450 15
20 12.5 310 500 16
22 15 380 610 18
26 21.2 530 850 21
28 25 620 990 22
32 31.5 800 1300 26
36 40 1000 1600 29
40 50 1300.2000 32
45 63 1600 2500 36
6.4 Mechanical properties
6.4.1 Manufacturing Verification Force (MPF)
All chains shall withstand the manufacturing verification force FMP, and the manufacturing verification force corresponding to the nominal size is shown in column 3 of Table 4. See Appendix A for calculations.
For other nominal dimensions, the mechanical properties should be calculated in Appendix A.
6.4.2 Breaking force (BF)
The chain sample shall have a breaking force FB, and the breaking force corresponding to the nominal size shall meet at least the requirements of the fourth column of Table 4.
Appendix A.
6.4.3 Total ultimate elongation, A
After the tensile test is completed, the total ultimate elongation A as defined by ISO 1834 shall be 20% for the primary color chain, for other surface treatments.
The chain should be 17%.
6.4.4 Bending, f
Single-ring specimens shall be able to withstand the minimum bend f, and the bend corresponding to the nominal dimension is shown in column 5 of Table 4. For the calculation, see Appendix A. And should
There are no obvious defects.
6.4.5 Resilience
Toughness of the finished chain The impact test method is used to verify samples of standard size, small size and ultra-small size.
Standard size specimens shall be tested in accordance with ISO 148-1. Small size specimens shall be tested in accordance with ISO 14556. If
If the link is too small to intercept the standard sample, the length of the sample can be lengthened by laser welding according to Figure 3 to make a small sample. Ultra small ruler
The dimensions of the inch specimens are tested in accordance with ISO 14556, in addition to the requirements of Figure 4. Lengthening specimens by pulse microlaser welding
The length is made into an ultra-small size sample. The above welding method cannot affect the hardness of the notched area and the structure of the material. Sample welding
After processing to the specified size.
Regardless of whether the pendulum type or the drop weight type test is used, the measurement accuracy of the toughness value should be considered.
If the link is large enough to capture a standard specimen, a standard size link specimen is used for testing. Test with 3 samples
It is tested that the KV toughness value of each sample is at least 30 J at a test temperature of -40 °C.
If the link is too small, the standard sample can not be taken, but a small sample can be taken or a small sample can be obtained by welding.
The test was carried out on a small size sample. The KV toughness value of each sample was at least 3.5 J at a test temperature of -40 °C. To ensure the test
The range of temperature to material brittle-to-tough transition temperature is large enough, KV toughness value 3.5J should be 1/2EUS 1J [platform upper platform energy (USE)
Half of 1J] or take bigger. Ten samples were used for the test, and their average values were taken as the KV toughness values. 10 samples KV toughness value
The range of variation is within 1.5J.
If the link is too small to intercept a small sample, the ultra-small sample and the same material as the chain should be taken from the chain.
The standard size sample is tested. The heat treatment of this standard size sample should be the same as the finished product chain to obtain the same material and hard as the finished product chain.
The ultimate tensile strength of the degree. Tested with three standard size specimens, KV toughness value of each sample at -40 ° C
At least 30J. Tested with three ultra-small samples, at a test temperature of -90 ° C, it should reach more than 80% amorphous
Area.
Note. The brittle-to-tough transition temperature is assumed to be -90 ° C or lower.
These tests shall be carried out if the manufacturer of the steel or the manufacturing process of the steel or chain is changed.
Description.
a Choice of notch orientation.
Figure 2 sample and notch orientation
The unit is mm
a) Sample shape before welding
b) Samples after welding have been processed
c) gap size
Description.
1---welding extension block;
2---Test the chain block.
The geometry of the pendulum is determined in accordance with ISO 14556.2000/Modification 1.2006, Figure D.1.
a The shortest length of the material being tested.
Figure 3 small size sample
The unit is mm
a) Sample shape before welding
b) Samples after welding have been processed
c) gap size
Description.
1---welding extension block;
2---Test the chain block.
The geometry of the pendulum is determined in accordance with ISO 14556.2000/Modification 1.2006, Figure D.1.
a The shortest length of the material being tested.
Figure 4 ultra small sample
Table 5 Mechanical properties
Mechanical performance requirements
Specifies the minimum nominal stress under the action of the breaking force FB.
2 (FB)
Πd2n
800N/mm2
Specifies the minimum nominal stress under the manufacturing verification force FMP.
2 (FMP)
Πd2n
500N/mm2
Specifies the minimum nominal stress under the action of the manufacturing verification force FMP and the minimum nominal force under the specified breaking force FB
Stress ratio. FMP
FB
62.5%
Minimum total ultimate elongation specified (primary color chain) 20%
Minimum total ultimate elongation specified (other surface treated chains) 17%
Minimum bend specified, f 0.8dnmm
The maximum nominal stress under the ultimate working load is specified as.200N/mm2
Note 1. The nominal stress in the table is the average stress obtained by dividing the force by the total cross-sectional area on both sides of the link. In fact, the stress is non-uniformly distributed, especially
It is the maximum tissue stress on the outer arc of the chain that is much larger than the average stress.
Note 2. The working load can be selected according to national regulations, but under no circumstances should the extreme working load specified in column 2 of Table 4 be exceeded.
7 Safety requirements inspection
7.1 Batch and sampling
Samples should be taken from a chain of.200 m length. The excess length portion of the batch shall be considered to belong to another batch. Sampling should be
ISO 1834.
7.2 Manufacturing verification force, breaking force and total ultimate elongation
7.2.1 Static tensile test
The test machine and test procedures for the static tensile test shall be in accordance with ISO 1834.
The machinery and equipment used for testing in 7.2.3 and 7.3.1 shall comply with the requirements of Class 1 of ISO 7500-1.
7.2.2 Manufacturing Verification - Acceptance Criteria
All chains shall withstand the manufacturing verification force specified in 6.4.1.
7.2.3 Breaking force and total ultimate elongation - acceptance criteria
After the static tensile test, the breaking force and the total ultimate elongation shall comply with the requirements of 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
7.3 Bending
7.3.1 Bending test
The test equipment and test procedures for the bending test shall be in accordance with ISO 1834.
Each single ring specimen shall meet the bend f given in column 5 of Table 4 and see Figure 5. After unloading, the sample loop should be pressed by the competent person.
Inspection of the provisions of ISO 1834.
Note. If necessary, the surface coating can be removed for inspection after the bending test.
Figure 5 Bending test
7.3.2 Bending - Acceptance criteria
After the bending test, the bending degree shall comply with the requirements of 6.4.4.
7.4 Chain toughness
7.4.1 Toughness test
Depending on the size of the specimen, the test is carried out in accordance with ISO 148-1 or ISO 14556.
7.4.2 Toughness test - acceptance criteria
The toughness shall comply with the requirements of 6.4.5, which shall be tested by the temperature of the specimen on the curved platform with a 100% amorphous region.
verification. The toughness value is calculated according to formula (1).
ED ≥
2EUS 1J
(1)
In the formula.
ED --- design energy in joules (J);
EUS---platform energy on the curve, in joules (J).
8 mark
8.1 Level Marking
The rating of the chain is marked 8 and the marking shall be in accordance with ISO 1834 and shall be used in accordance with ISO 1834.
8.2 Identification mark
The identification mark shall comply with the provisions of ISO 1834.
8.3 Inspection mark
The inspection mark shall comply with the provisions of ISO 1834.
9 Manufacturing certificate
If required, each batch of chain supplied by the manufacturer shall be accompanied by a test and inspection certificate in accordance with ISO 1834.
Appendix A
(informative appendix)
Calculation basis
A.1 Dimensions and tolerances
A.1.1 Diameter tolerance
The material diameter tolerance of the finished link shall be within the range of -6% to 2% of the nominal size for nominal dimensions less than 18 mm.
Except for welding.
The material diameter tolerance of the finished link shall be within ± 5% of the nominal size for nominal dimensions greater than or equal to 18 mm. weld
Except for the connection.
A.1.2 Pitch and tolerance
The nominal pitch pn is based on 3dn, and the calculated value is rounded to 1mm. The rounded value is shown in the third column of Table 1.
The pitch tolerance is ±3% of the nominal diameter value, and the calculated value is rounded to 0.1 mm. The rounded value is shown in the fourth column of Table 1.
A.1.3 Width
The type 2 internal width W1 is based on 1.25dn, and the calculated value is rounded to 0.1mm. The rounded value is shown in the fifth column of Table 1.
1, 2 type outer width value W3 is based on 3.7dn, the calculated value is less than 100mm rounded to 0.1mm, the calculated value is greater than or equal to 100mm
The rounding is up to 1 mm, and the rounding value is shown in column 6 of Table 1.
The inner width W4 of type 1 is based on 1.3dn, and the calculated value is rounded to 0.1mm. The rounded value is shown in the seventh column of Table 1.
A.1.4 Weld diameter
Type 1 weld diameter dw or type 2 vertical link flat weld size dw are based on 1.1dn, and the calculated value is rounded to 0.1mm.
The values are shown in column 8 of Table 1.
The value of other plane dimensions of type 2 is based on 1.25dn, and the calculated value is rounded to 0.1mm. The rounded value is shown in the 9th column of Table 1.
A.2 Ultimate working load and test requirements
A.2.1 General
The calculation and test requirements for the nominal working load shall be in accordance with the formula (A.1)~(A.3) of A.2.2~A.2.4, nominal stress.
as follows.
a) nominal working stress =.200N/mm2;
b) nominal manufacturing verification stress = 500N/mm2;
c) Nominal breaking stress = 800 N/mm2.
A.2.2 Extreme working load (WLL)
The ultimate working load root (WLL) is calculated according to equation (A.1).
M WLL=
2×
4×π×200×d
g×1000
(A.1)
M WLL=0.032035×d2n
In the formula.
M WLL---Limited working load (WLL) in tons (t);
g --- ...
...
