YS/T 815: Evolution and historical versions
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specimen preparation for testing mechanical and process property of copper and copper alloys
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YS/T 815-2025
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Preparation method of test pieces for mechanical and technological properties of copper and copper alloys
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YS/T 815-2012
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Basic data | Standard ID | YS/T 815-2025 (YS/T815-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | specimen preparation for testing mechanical and process property of copper and copper alloys | | Sector / Industry | Nonferrous Metallurgy Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H62 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.120.30 | | Date of Issue | 2025-04-10 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-11-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | YS/T 815-2012 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology | YS/T 815-2012: Preparation method of test pieces for mechanical and technological properties of copper and copper alloys
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Preparation method of test pieces for mechanical and technological properties of copper and copper alloys
ICS 77.120.30
H65
Non-ferrous metal industry standards of the People's Republic of China
Mechanical properties and technology of copper and copper alloys
Preparation method of performance samples
2012-11-07 released
2013-03-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Nonferrous Metals Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC243).
The organizations responsible for drafting this standard. Zhejiang Fangyuan Inspection Group Co., Ltd., Chinalco Shenyang Nonferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Zhejiang Naile Copper Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Luo Qun, Ding Yong, Fan Zhirong, Fu Junlei, Fang Jun, Wang Yanjie, Zheng Xiaofei, Sun Jun.
Mechanical properties and technology of copper and copper alloys
Preparation method of performance samples
1 Scope
This standard specifies the preparation method of samples for mechanical properties and process performance tests of copper and copper alloy processed products and cast products.
This standard is applicable to the preparation methods of test samples for mechanical properties and technological properties of copper and copper alloy processed products and cast products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 228.1 Tensile Test of Metallic Materials Part 1.Room Temperature Test Method
GB/T 229 Charpy pendulum impact test method for metallic materials
YS/T 668 Copper and copper alloy physical and chemical testing sampling method
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 228.1 apply to this document.
3.1
Sample
In order to prepare one or several samples, a sufficient amount of material used to make a sample blank or sample is cut from the sampled product.
3.2
Roughspecimen
In order to prepare the sample, the sample after mechanical treatment or required heat treatment.
3.3
Testpieces
After machining or without machining, the sample has qualified dimensions and can meet the test requirements.
4 Symbols and description
The symbols and corresponding descriptions used in this standard are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Symbols and descriptions
Symbol unit description
B mm Rectangular and arc specimen clamping end width
b0 mm The original width of the parallel length of the rectangular specimen
a0 mm Original thickness of rectangular specimen
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol unit description
D1 mm diameter of the holding end of the circular cross-section specimen
D2 mm round (double shoulder) specimen shoulder diameter
D0 mm The original diameter of the parallel length of the circular specimen
d1 mm Rectangular specimen holding end aperture
L0 mm original gauge length
Lc mm parallel length
Lt mm Total length of sample
L1 mm round cross-section sample or rectangular, arc-shaped cross-section sample holding end length
L2 mm The length between the round (double shoulders) specimen shoulder and the arc surface
L3 mm The length of the transition arc of the specimen
L4 mm rectangular sample hole center to end distance
The distance between the center of the L5 mm rectangular sample hole and the intersection of the transition arc and the side
r mm Transition arc radius
r1 mm Round (double shoulder) chamfer radius between the end of the specimen and the shoulder
M mm thread outer diameter
- Cylindricity
- Concentricity
- Verticality
-Parallelism
- Symmetry
-Reference plane A. The letters B and C in the square stand for reference surface B and reference surface C respectively
C1-1×45° chamfer
5 General rules for sample preparation
5.1 The sampling location and size of mechanical properties shall comply with the relevant regulations of YS/T 668.The processing size of the sample conforms to the relevant test method standards
Requirements. If there are provisions on the processing dimensions of the sample in the product standard, it shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant product standard.
5.2 The mechanical properties samples are usually prepared by machining methods such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, and wire cutting or special sample processing equipment.
Cooling liquid should be used for sufficient cooling, and the mechanical properties of the sample should not be affected by heat, cold work hardening or mechanical damage due to machining.
The post-work sample should not have defects such as cracks, burrs, and transverse knife marks.
5.3 The pipe, wire, tape, and foil specimens cut from the coil are allowed to be straightened or leveled, but any correction shall not affect the mechanics of the specimen
performance.
5.4 Each sample should be clearly marked to identify the sample blank from which the sample is made. If required, the corresponding part of the sample on the product should also be indicated
Bit and orientation. When using the printing method to mark, it should be noted that the position and method of printing will not change the mechanical properties of the sample prepared.
6 Requirements for sample preparation
6.1 Tensile specimen at room temperature
6.1.1 Requirements for the preparation of tensile specimens
6.1.1.1 Generally, test specimens are made by machining from the cut sample blanks. Tensile specimens are divided into lead specimens and unleaded specimens.
The cross-sectional shape can be circle, rectangle, polygon, ring, and in special cases it can be some other shape. For products with constant cross section
(Profiles, bars, wires, pipes, etc.) can be tested without machining and using full cross-sections.
6.1.1.2 In order to assess the overall performance of the product, if the testing machine's capacity permits, take full-section samples as much as possible.
6.1.1.3 The shape and size of the machined tensile specimen head should be based on the size of the sample, the material characteristics, the purpose of the test, and the structure of the fixture of the testing machine.
Depending on the configuration, the length of the clamping part of the round or rectangular (arc) sample with head and without head should be at least the length of the V-shaped or flat jaw clamp
Three-quarters of it.
6.1.1.4 The parallel part of the tensile specimen with head and the clamping head shall be connected by a transition arc, and the size of the arc radius r can be based on each part of the specimen.
It depends on the size, material and machining process. For brittle materials, r can be appropriately increased.
6.1.1.5 For materials with lower strength, such as pure copper and ordinary brass, after agreement, samples with higher roughness can be used; for higher strength
High-quality materials, such as bronze and complex brass, should use samples with lower roughness, and samples with high surface requirements can be finely ground.
6.1.1.6 When processing belts and foils with a thickness of ≤0.3mm, stack the sample blanks into a stack, and use oil paper, film and other materials between the sheets
Separate, clamp thicker sheets on both sides of each stack, and then machine the entire stack to the sample size.
6.1.2 Bar tensile specimen
6.1.2.1 Bars and products similar to bars are processed into circular cross-section specimens according to Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3.The processing dimensions of the specimens conform to Table 2.
Provisions.
Description.
D1---The diameter of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen; L1 ---The length of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen;
d0 --- the original diameter of the parallel length of the circular specimen; r --- the radius of the transition arc;
L0 --- original gauge length; 2×C1 --- 1×45° chamfer at both ends;
Lc---parallel length; ---reference plane A. The B in the square represents the reference plane B.
Lt---the total length of the sample;
Figure 1 Round cross-section specimen with head (single shoulder)
6.1.2.2 After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, non-proportional samples with an original gauge length of 50mm can also be prepared.
Description.
D1---The diameter of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen; L1 ---The length of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen;
D2---The diameter of the round (double shoulder) specimen shoulder; L2---The length between the round (double shoulder) specimen shoulder and the arc surface;
d0 --- the original diameter of the parallel length of the circular specimen; r --- the radius of the transition arc;
L0---Original gauge length; r1---Chamfer radius between the end of the round (double-shoulder) specimen and the shoulder;
Lc---parallel length; 2×C1 --- 1×45° chamfer at both ends;
Lt --- total length of the sample; --- datum plane A. The B and C in the square represent the reference plane B and the reference plane C.
Figure 2 Round cross-section specimen with head (double shoulders)
Description.
D1---The diameter of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen; L1 ---The length of the clamping end of the circular cross-section specimen;
d0 --- the original diameter of the parallel length of the circular specimen; r --- the radius of the transition arc;
L0---Original gauge length; M ---Thread outer diameter;
Lc---parallel length; 2×C1 --- 1×45° chamfer at both ends;
Lt --- total length of the sample; --- datum plane A. The B in the square represents the reference plane B.
Note. The thread pitch matches the thread pitch of the thread fixture.
Figure 3 Round cross-section specimen with head (thread)
Table 2 Processing dimensions of circular cross-section specimens in millimeters
d0 D1 D2
L1
L2 r
L0
(5d0)
Lc
Lt
18-40-
M16-30-
15-35-
M14-25-
10-35-
M12-18-
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
6.1.3 Tensile specimens of plates and strips
6.1.3.1 Tensile specimens of plates and strips are processed into rectangular specimens according to Figure 4, and the processed dimensions of the specimens conform to the requirements of Table 3.
6.1.3.2 The processing dimensions of rectangular specimens with a thickness of less than 0.3mm can be in accordance with Table 4.
6.1.3.3 HAl66-6-3-2, HAl60-1-1, HMn57-3-1, HPb60-2, QA17 and other difficult specimens with thickness > 3mm
The processing dimensions are in accordance with Table 5.For thin strips and high-strength materials, rectangular specimens with pin holes in Figure 5 can be made.
6.1.3.4 For hard metals with an elongation of less than 5% and materials with an original gauge length of less than 15mm, after consultation with the user, it can be prepared
Non-proportional specimens with an original gauge length of 50mm.
6.1.3.5 The processing dimensions of non-proportional specimens and rectangular specimens with pin holes shall meet the requirements of Table 6.
Description.
B---width of rectangular specimen holding end; Lt---total length of specimen;
b0---the original width of the parallel length of the rectangular specimen; L1---the length of the holding end of the rectangular cross-section specimen;
a0--- the original thickness of the rectangular specimen; L3--- the length of the transition arc of the specimen;
L0 --- original gauge length; --- datum plane A. The B and C in the square represent the reference plane B and the reference plane C.
Lc---parallel length;
Figure 4 Rectangular specimen
Table 3 Processing dimensions of rectangular specimens in millimeters
a0 b0 B L1 L3
< 3 12.5 17 40 12
3~15 20 30 40 17
>15 Take a circular cross-section sample according to Table 2
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
Table 4 The processing dimensions of rectangular specimens with thickness < 0.3mm are in millimeters
a0 b0 B L1 L3
< 0.3
12.5 17 40 12
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
Table 5 The processing dimensions of rectangular specimens with a thickness > 3mm that are difficult to clamp are in millimeters
a0 b0 B L1 L3
>3~5 15 20 40 12
>5~12 20 30 45 17
>12 Take a circular cross-section sample with d0=8mm according to Table 2
Note 1.Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
Note 2.When making a circular cross-sectional sample with d0=8mm, if the plate thickness is less than the diameter of the sample head, the processing size of the sample head can be appropriately reduced.
Description.
B---width of rectangular specimen holding end; L1---length of rectangular cross-section specimen holding end;
b0---The original width of the parallel length of the rectangular specimen; L3---The length of the transition arc of the specimen;
a0---The original thickness of the rectangular specimen; L4---The distance between the center of the rectangular specimen hole and the end;
L0---Original gauge length; L5---The distance between the center of the rectangular sample hole and the intersection of the transition arc and the side;
Lc---parallel length; d1---aperture of rectangular specimen holding end;
Lt --- total length of the sample; --- datum plane A. The B and C in the square represent the reference plane B and the reference plane C.
Figure 5 Rectangular sample with pin hole
Table 6 Processing dimensions of non-proportional specimens and rectangular specimens with pin holes in millimeters
b0 B L1 L3 d1 L4
L5
L0 Lc
Lt
12.5
20 50 12---50 57.200
50 50 13 13 40 19 50 57.200
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
6.1.4 Tensile samples of pipes
6.1.4.1 According to the characteristics of the testing machine, full-section specimens are used as much as possible for the tensile test of the pipe. When the product standard is not specified, the supply and demand
The two parties negotiate that the original gauge length L0 can be 50mm.
6.1.4.2 When the test cannot be carried out according to the full section, the longitudinal arc specimen shall be taken. Longitudinal arc specimens are divided into lead and no lead. In the arbitration test,
The lead sample should be prepared, and the sample processing should be in accordance with Figure 6 and Figure 7, and the processing size should meet the requirements of Table 7.Or machined from the pipe wall to make a circular cross section
Surface samples, sample processing should meet the requirements of Table 8.When the product standard is not specified, the original gauge length can also be obtained after negotiation between the supplier and the buyer
For the 50mm non-proportional sample, the processing size meets the requirements of Table 9.
Description.
B---Width of the clamping end of the arc specimen; Lc---Parallel length;
b0---the original width of the parallel length of the arc-shaped specimen; L1---the length of the holding end of the arc-shaped cross-section specimen;
a0---The original thickness of the arc-shaped specimen; L3---The length of the transition arc of the specimen;
L0 --- original gauge length; --- datum plane A. The B and C in the square represent the reference plane B and the reference plane C.
Lt---the total length of the sample;
Figure 6 Longitudinal curved specimen with head
Description.
a0---the original thickness of the arc-shaped specimen; Lt---the total length of the specimen;
L0 --- original gauge length; --- datum plane A.
Figure 7 Longitudinal curved specimen without head
Table 7 The processing dimensions of arc-shaped specimens are in millimeters
D0 a0 b0 B L1 L3
≥30
≥30~50
>50~70
>70~100
>100
< 8
(Pure copper≤13)
10 10 Longitudinal arc specimen without head
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
Table 8 Tube wall thickness machined longitudinal circular cross section sample unit is mm
D0 a0 Specimen type
≥30
8~13 Take d=5mm circular cross-section samples according to Table 2
>13~16 Take d=8mm circular cross-section samples according to Table 2
>16 Take a circular cross-section sample with d=10mm according to Table 2
Note. When making a circular cross-sectional sample, if the tube thickness is less than the diameter of the sample head, the processing size of the sample head can be appropriately reduced.
Table 9 Processing dimensions of non-proportional arc specimens in millimeters
D0 a0 b0 B L1 L3 L0
Lc
Lt
≤100
>100
< 8
(Pure copper≤13)
19 25 40 12 50 57 165
25 30 40 12 50 60 170
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
6.1.5 Wire tensile specimen
Take a full-section sample, the original gauge length L0 is 100mm, Lc≥L0 3d, generally 220mm±20mm, for d< 0.5mm
Wires and samples can be appropriately lengthened according to the clamping method of the testing machine.
6.1.6 Tensile specimens of cast products
6.1.6.1 Negotiations between the supplier and the purchaser shall be made on the casting body or from a single casting test block or a single casting that is the same as the casting material, casting process, and heat treatment process.
Take a ϕ14mm round cross-section sample on the casting test bar. After agreement, a ϕ10mm round cross-sectional sample can also be prepared. Sample processing
According to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the processing dimensions of the sample should meet the requirements of Table 10.
6.1.6.2 For samples that do not need to be tested for elongation, the parallel length can be equal to or slightly larger than the diameter d0; for samples that need to be tested for elongation, the original gauge length
L0 takes 5d0, the arc radius r is (0.6~1.6)d0, and the brittle material r is (1.2~1.6)d0.The size and shape of the parallel part of the processed sample
The tolerance can be slightly wider than that of forged and rolled samples of the same size, and the surface roughness Ra can also be slightly lower, generally 12.6μm.
Table 10 The processing dimensions of tensile specimens of cast products are in millimeters
d0 D1 D2 L1 L2 r
L0
(5d)
Lc
Lt
22-30-
18-30-
Note. Dimensional tolerances and dimensions not listed in the table are in accordance with GB/T 228.1.
6.1.7 Tensile samples of profile products
When the wall thickness is ≥15mm, a circular cross-section sample should be selected; when the wall thickness is less than 15mm, a rectangular sample with or without a head should be selected.
Processing according to 6.1.2 or 6.1.3.If the profile cannot be processed into a round or rectangular sample, a full-section sample can be used.
6.1.8 Tensile specimens of forging products
The supplier and the buyer shall negotiate to take one of the following methods to prepare a circular cross-section sample, and the sample processing shall be in accordance with 6.1.2.
a) Manufactured from the forging body, and its longitudinal axis is as close as possible to the main direction of metal flow;
b) Prepared from a test block attached to the forging;
c) Manufactured from a separately forged test block with the same material and processing technology as the forging.
6.2 Hardness test specimen
6.2.1 General
6.2.1.1 The test location of the hardness sample (such as side, end surface, etc.) is determined according to the product standard and the agreement between the supplier and the buyer. If there is no specific regulation, it is superior
First choose to proceed on the original surface.
6.2.1.2 When hardness test is required on the end faces of rods and pipes, the length of the sample should not be less than 15mm.
The two ends are parallel.
6.2.1.3 The test surface of the sample should be smooth and flat, the surface roughness Ra of the Rockwell and Brinell hardness sample should not be greater than 1.6μm, and the Vickers hardness test
The surface quality of the sample should be able to ensure the measurement accuracy of the diagonal length of the indentation.
6.2.1.4 Vickers hardness test shall be adopted for wire, foil, thin strip with thickness < 0.3mm and pipe with wall thickness < 0.3mm.
When it is allowed to use mechanical clamping and fixing method or metallographic cold inlay, after grinding and polishing, the sample size is carried out according to the selected method
Intercept.
6.2.2 Bar hardness sample
The processing of the hardness sample is carried out in accordance with Figure 8, and the processing size meets the requirements of Table 11.
Table 11 The unit of bar hardness sample is mm
Bar diameter sample width sample length test surface
>8~10 6±1 30±1
>10~15 8±1 30±1
>15~30 10±1 45±1
>30 15±1 45±1
side
Note. Rockwell and Vickers hardness samples can also be processed without machining, but the surface of the sample should meet the requirements of the relevant test method standards.
Description.
d0 --- diameter of bar;
---Datum plane A.
Figure 8 Longitudinal hardness test specimen of bar
6.2.3 Hardness samples of plates and strips
Plate and strip thickness < 6mm, sampling size is 30mm×30mm; thickness ≥6mm, sampling size is 35mm×35mm.
For the Vickers hardness sample of the strip, the minimum sampling size can be 10mm×10mm.
6.2.4 Pipe hardness test specimen
6.2.4.1 Tube outer diameter D0 >6mm, cut the copper tube longitudinally, and place it on the mandrel matching the inner arc of the copper tube for Rockwell and Vickers hardening.
Degree test. Rockwell and Brinell hardness are used to prepare longitudinal arc specimens. The processing dimensions of the specimens are shown in Table 12.In the product standard and contract (or purchase order)
When specified, the Vickers hardness test surface is the outer surface of the pipe.
Table 12 Longitudinal arc hardness test sample unit of pipe is mm
Tube outer diameter
Rockwell and Brinell hardness
Sample width Sample length
>8~10 6±1 30±1
>10~15 8±1 30±1
>15~30 10±1 30±1
>30 12±1 30±1
Note 1.The wall thickness of Rockwell and Brinell hardness pipes should be ≥3mm.
Note 2.The inner and outer arc surfaces of the arc specimen should be ground flat, and the plane of the specimen should meet the requirements of the test standard.
6.2.4.2 The outer diameter of the tube D0≤6mm, take a full-section sample. When product standards and contracts (or purchase orders) are not specified, use Vickers hard
The test surface is the outer surface of the tube. The sample can be directly carried out on the original surface of the sample without machining. During the test, the inside of the tube should be filled.
Into a solid material.
6.2.5 Profile hardness test specimen
Choose hardness samples on the working surface of the profile, preferentially select the flat part of the profile, and the size of the sample should meet the requirements of the test method standard.
6.2.6 Hardness samples of casting products
For casting product hardness samples, the casting body is preferentially selected, and it can also be tested in a single casting that is the same as the casting material, casting process, and heat treatment process.
The sample size should meet the requirements of the test method standard.
6.2.7 Hardness test specimen of forging material
The hardness sample of the forging product is preferred to the forging body, and it can also be on a test block attached to the forging or homogenous with the forging material and processing technology.
The sample size should meet the requirements of the test method standard.
6.3 Impact test specimen
The impact test specimen processing is shown in Figure 9, and the processing dimensions are in accordance with GB/T 229.When the product standard is not specified, the impact sample is U-shaped
Notch, the bottom of the notch should be smooth, and there should be no obvious scratches parallel to the axis of the notch.
Description.
---Datum plane A. The B and C in the square represent the reference plane B and the reference plane C.
Figure 9 U-notch impact test specimen
6.4 Bend test specimen
6.4.1 Pipe bending test specimen
The length of the sample is about 800mm. If the test can be guaranteed under the specified test conditions (bending radius and bending angle), the sample length
Can be shortened appropriately.
6.4.2 Bend test specimens for plates and strips
See Table 13 for the dimensions of the bending test specimens of plates and strips.
Table 13 The p...
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