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WS/T 536-2017: Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation
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Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation
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WS/T 536-2017
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Basic data | Standard ID | WS/T 536-2017 (WS/T536-2017) | | Description (Translated English) | Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation | | Sector / Industry | Health Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C07 | | Word Count Estimation | 13,151 | | Date of Issue | 2017-07-27 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-02-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | State-Health-Communication (2017) 9 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China | WS/T 536-2017: Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation
ICS 11.020
C 07
WS
People's Republic of China Health Industry Standard
Guidelines for follow-up and evaluation of health standards
2017-07-27 released
2018-02-01 implementation
Issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Supervision, Nanjing Medical University, Southeast University.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhou Qunxia, Shi Yuchang, Chen Yu, Yu Rongbin, Tang Meng.
Guidelines for follow-up and evaluation of health standards
1 Scope
This standard specifies the content, process and requirements for the follow-up evaluation of sanitary standards.
This standard is suitable for evaluating the implementation of health standards and collecting problems and suggestions in the process of standard application.
2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
2.1
Health standard tracking evaluation
Applied research on current effective sanitary standards based on certain working procedures to understand the application of standards and their application process
The work of collecting relevant suggestions.
2.2
Probability sampling
Also known as random sampling, it refers to the selection of survey samples according to the principle of randomness, so that each child of the survey mother has the possibility of being selected.
That is, it is equally likely to be selected as the sample. Probability sampling can be divided into simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling,
Multi-level sampling, capacity proportional probability sampling, etc. (see Appendix A).
3 Evaluation content
3.1 Publicity and implementation of health standards, including publicity, training, awareness, and mastery.
3.2 The implementation of sanitation standards, including implementation capabilities, factors affecting the implementation of standards, problems in implementation, and suggestions for improvement, etc.
3.3 The quality of sanitation standards, including the scientific, practical, and advanced conditions of indicators or technical requirements.
3.4 The benefits of health standards, including the economic, social, and environmental benefits generated.
3.5 Other content that needs to be understood through the follow-up and evaluation of health standards.
4 Work process
4.1 Work flow content
The work process of the follow-up evaluation of health standards generally includes.
a) Select the evaluation criteria to be followed;
b) Determine the project undertaker and lead unit;
c) Develop a follow-up evaluation work plan;
d) Pre-investigation;
e) Investigation preparation;
f) Conduct investigation;
g) Data sorting and input;
h) Analysis and summary.
4.2 Selection of evaluation standards to be followed
Follow-up evaluation is carried out on sanitation standards that have been implemented for more than one year, and the following standards are preferred.
a) Mandatory and/or influential standards;
b) Appropriate implementation time is 2 to 3 years;
c) Standards with many different opinions after implementation;
d) Listed in the key work standards of relevant regulatory authorities;
e) The standard of high social concern.
4.3 Determine the project undertaker and lead unit
4.3.1 The relevant units in areas where the sanitation standards to be tracked and evaluated are more frequently applied and involved, or in areas with more enterprises should be selected as the project
Undertaking unit.
4.3.2 The project undertaker shall strictly comply with the requirements of the project work and complete the relevant tasks with quality and quantity.
4.3.3 The project undertaker should choose a unit with work enthusiasm, certain work experience, and the ability to organize and coordinate project work
As the lead unit of the project.
4.3.4 The project lead unit shall be responsible for the formulation of the project plan, the design of the questionnaire, and the work guide according to the requirements of the project entrusting unit.
Compilation of booklet, compilation of survey database, analysis of project survey data and writing of general report of follow-up evaluation.
4.4 Develop a follow-up evaluation work plan
4.4.1 Contents of the work plan
The work plan for the follow-up evaluation of health standards should include the purpose of the investigation, the undertaking unit, the object of the investigation, the content of the investigation, the method of the investigation, and the time period.
The survey items and content can also be added according to the actual work conditions, such as degree, job requirements, questionnaire or questionnaire. For examples of work plans, see
Appendix B.
4.4.2 Purpose of Investigation
By investigating the implementation of the standard since its implementation, understand the problems encountered in the use of the standard, and the scientificity and rationality of the standard
And operability, social perception, provide basis and suggestions for future revision of standards.
4.4.3 Respondents
The subjects of investigation include all persons who may apply the standards to be tracked, including government departments, regulatory agencies, medical institutions, inspections (testing,
Monitoring) agencies, health and family planning supervision and law enforcement agencies, colleges and universities, personnel from production enterprises, and the general public. According to the applicable scope of the standard
Choose a specific survey object. For standards involving products, representatives of manufacturing companies should be selected as the subjects of investigation.
The sample size of survey subjects should meet statistical requirements. Commonly used probability sampling methods include. simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling
Sampling, cluster sampling, hierarchical sampling, and sampling probability is proportional to the scale. The corresponding sampling method should be selected according to the specific situation. In fact
In the application, a survey plan is often not limited to a certain sampling method, but a variety of sampling methods are used according to the different research period.
Combination of methods, in order to achieve different research purposes, sometimes even a combination of several sampling methods used in the same period.
4.4.4 Survey content
Including the overall compliance status of the standard implementation and the compliance status of key indicators, awareness, publicity and implementation, and problems in standard implementation
Wait.
4.4.5 Investigation method
Sanitation standards follow-up evaluation methods can include on-site verification, inspection result verification, questionnaire surveys, expert interviews and other forms. Questionnaire
Investigation and expert interview methods can be applied to follow-up evaluation of various standards. According to the actual situation, other investigation methods can be selected. such as behavior
Normative standards should adopt field verification methods; product standards should adopt inspection result verification methods; inspection method standards should adopt result verification methods
Law etc. The expert interview method can be used as a supplement to other survey methods.
4.4.6 Job requirements
Put forward requirements for the implementation of the survey, data collection, entry and statistical analysis.
4.4.7 Questionnaire or questionnaire
4.4.7.1 Before making questionnaires or questionnaires, the Delphi method and other expert survey methods can be used to conduct ground-breaking analysis of the survey content.
It is through soliciting the opinions of experts many times in order to establish the survey index system and index weight, and finally get the common attention to the standard
Key issues, as the key items of the standard survey, are focused on.
4.4.7.2 The questionnaire or questionnaire should be designed scientifically and reasonably around the purpose of the survey, fully consider the operability of statistics, and minimize
Or to avoid open-ended questions, it is recommended to use multiple choice questions, such as single choice, multiple choice, and sorting choice, to facilitate statistical analysis;
Minimize questions with ambiguous answers; questionnaires or questionnaires should be simple and clear, and the key content and main concerns of the survey standard should be used.
The problem should not be comprehensive. The number of questions in the questionnaire should be controlled to avoid too many questions. Public survey questionnaires should not exceed 20 questions.
4.4.7.3 A survey letter to the respondent should be attached before the questionnaire. Through the survey letter, thank the survey respondents for their efforts in this survey
Introduce the purpose, significance and importance of this standard follow-up evaluation, and emphasize that the purpose of the investigation is to understand the implementation
Check, review, and personal assessment, etc., and ask the respondents to take special time to read the relevant content of the questionnaire carefully.
Under the premise of fully understanding all the texts of the questionnaire, combined with your own work experience and experience, think deeply, and carefully follow your own understanding
Fill in the relevant questions. And leave the contact information of the project staff to facilitate contact and communication. The survey letter and questionnaire should be sent to the surveyed
Produced by the person. See Appendix C for an example of a survey letter.
4.4.7.4 The first part of the questionnaire is the basic information of the respondent, such as the administrative area and unit category (such as supervision agency, inspection
Inspection institutions, manufacturers, etc.), gender, age, education, years of relevant work, awareness of standards, frequency of application,
Receive standard-related training and other basic information that needs to be understood.
4.4.7.5 The second part of the questionnaire is generally about the understanding of the specific indicators of the standard, the feasibility of implementation, and the status of reaching the standard.
And opinions and suggestions on the existing problems of standard indicators. Please refer to Appendix D and Appendix E for sample questionnaires.
4.4.8 Workbook
The health standards follow-up evaluation work manual should be used as a supplementary material to the work plan, which is conducive to the staff’s understanding of the survey content and forms.
Understand, unify work requirements, and improve the quality of investigations. For example, the requirements for filling out survey objects and survey results are clearly defined;
Read content that is easy to confuse.
4.5 Pre-investigation
4.5.1 Purpose
Pre-investigation should be organized before the plan is formally implemented. The purpose is to test the scientificity and operability of the project implementation plan, and to test different investigations.
The elephant can understand the survey questions in a consistent way, and pre-evaluate the effect of the survey.
4.5.2 Method
Small sample surveys, focus group discussions, in-depth personal interviews, etc. You can choose one of these methods for pre-survey.
4.5.3 Small sample survey
According to the requirements of the plan, select the surveyed objects that meet the requirements, and simulate a series of work carried out by the formal investigation in accordance with the prescribed procedures.
Through the analysis of the investigation process and results, possible problems in the investigation plan are found to further improve the investigation plan.
4.5.4 Panel discussion
Generally, 5 to 8 people are selected to participate, and the participants can be experts, investigator representatives or related personnel. The discussion mainly focused on the investigation plan and
The first draft of the questionnaire is reviewed question by question, to help test the presuppositions of relevant questions, to evaluate the presuppositions of relevant words and the respondents’
The presupposition of the way of understanding the terms or concepts used, and on this basis, collect opinions on the revision of the survey plan.
4.5.5 In-depth personal interviews
Select representative individual interviewees, and observe the interviewee’s understanding of the question, how to define
Ask the interviewee’s doubts about the answer, ask the interviewee’s confidence in providing the correct answer, and understand how to answer the question and how to complete the survey.
To observe and discover the problematic defects of the questionnaire.
4.5.6 Other
The problems found in the preliminary investigation that may affect the reliability or validity of the investigation results should be revised or adjusted in the project implementation plan in time, such as
Modify the goal of the question, adjust the scope of the question, change the way of asking, write more clear and accurate questions, etc.
4.6 Investigation preparation
4.6.1 The investigation organization unit should carefully organize the deployment of follow-up evaluation work, and do a good job in ensuring the project work funds, personnel and materials, etc.
initial preparation work.
4.6.2 Select staff with certain work experience as investigators to carry out work.
4.6.3 Invite experts with professional and practical experience to give uniform explanation and training to the investigators. If conditions permit, they can go to the scene to simulate
Check training.
4.7 Conduct investigation
4.7.1 Strictly follow the work steps required by the work plan and implement various work tasks.
4.7.2 According to the different forms of investigation, the investigation methods can be divided into on-site (field) investigation, face-to-face investigation, telephone investigation, and letter
Investigation, Internet investigation, etc. The survey organizer can consider choosing the survey method based on the survey coverage, manpower, material resources, and the sum of time.
4.7.3 On-site (field) surveys generally require investigators to carry a questionnaire to the scene to carry out.
Record on the survey form after comparing the on-site situation. In the survey plan, if samples and labels need to be collected on site as the survey objects, they should be strictly followed
Operate in accordance with relevant regulations.
4.7.4 The questionnaire survey can be conducted face-to-face by the investigator and the respondent in the form of one question and one answer, or the questionnaire can be sent by letter.
Mail to the respondents in the form of a letter, or email the questionnaire to the respondents.
4.7.5 If a comprehensive social survey is needed, the specific content of the questionnaire can be published on the official website of the survey organization for interested investigations.
The interviewee downloads the questionnaire and conducts the survey by recycling the questionnaire. Online surveys should disclose the contact information and the way to retrieve the questionnaire.
4.7.6 The choice of questionnaire options and the writing of the text should be clear and easy to read.
4.7.7 The questionnaire should be collected in time, and the respondent can be urged if necessary. The response rate of the questionnaire should not be less than 80%. Post-survey questionnaire
The response rate is still less than 80%, and the survey sample size should be increased.
4.7.8 Take 5% of the questionnaire for re-examination, and the re-examination agreement rate reaches over 90%. If the re-examination agreement rate is less than 90%, the re-examination ratio should be increased
example.
4.8 Data sorting and input
4.8.1 After the investigation, the questionnaire or questionnaire should be carefully checked to check whether the questionnaire is complete, whether it meets the filling requirements,
Whether there is a logical error, if there are any of the above situations, the respondent should be contacted for verification and correction in time. If you cannot get accurate information
For data statistics, this questionnaire should be regarded as invalid.
4.8.2 Design the corresponding survey data entry database according to the questionnaire. It is recommended to use intuitive and convenient information software such as Epidata to design the survey
Data entry database. Logical verification should be set appropriately during database design.
4.8.3 The entry personnel should be trained before survey data entry. In order to reduce entry errors or errors, it is recommended to use the dual entry method to enter data.
4.9 Analysis and summary
4.9.1 Before conducting statistical analysis, export the data of the database to the statistical analysis software. It is recommended to use SPSS, SAS and other statistical software to record
Statistical analysis of the imported data.
4.9.2 The analysis of data using statistical software can be descriptive analysis, or correlation analysis of different issues, such as
Comparative analysis of differences in understanding of standards by survey subjects of the nature of work, etc.
4.9.3 The basic requirements and framework for writing the project summary report should be clearly defined in the project work requirements to facilitate summary and summary. Each project undertaker is
The project summary report should be completed separately.
4.9.4 The project summary report that is completed through the survey results obtained through the survey data analysis. The content of the summary report should be objective, comprehensive, and truthful.
Reflect the investigation. The project summary report generally includes project background, survey results, problem and cause analysis, and suggestions.
4.9.5 The background part of the project generally includes the source of the investigation, the source of the task, and the purpose of the investigation.
4.9.6 The survey result part generally includes the basic information of the survey object (such as survey object area, age, education background, working years, etc.
Distribution, standard publicity and implementation, training received), implementation of standards, analysis of survey indicators, analysis and conclusion of survey results
Discussion (such as the understanding and mastery of standard content, standard implementation, application, opinions on standard index values), etc.
4.9.7 The problem and reason analysis part should be reflected in the analysis of the survey results through the survey results, expert interview opinions and usual grasp of the situation
Problems such as poor mastery of standards, deviations in understanding, poor application of standards, unreasonable setting of standards
Effective use, etc. Investigate the possible reasons for these problems, such as insufficient publicity and implementation, difficult to grasp the content, and acceptance of relevant opinions when formulating standards
Insufficient collection, etc., can also analyze the reasons for specific indicators.
4.9.8 The suggestion section should look for solutions one by one based on the related content of the cause of the problem, and propose standard implementation and revision and standard response.
The recommended part should be specific and clear, especially the recommendations for standard formulation and revision should be specific and actionable.
4.9.9 After the project is summarized, relevant experts can be invited to discuss and modify and improve the summary report.
4.9.10 For suggestions on the analysis results, feedback can be given to the relevant work authorities.
5 Quality control
The whole-process quality control should be carried out in the follow-up evaluation of sanitary standards to ensure the scientificity and guiding significance of the follow-up evaluation results.
AA
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Probability sampling method
A.1 Simple random sampling. also known as simple random sampling, which means that the population size is N, from which random sampling
Take n samples, and each sample has a probability of n/N to be selected. First give each unit in the overall number a number, or use the original
Repeated numbers (such as ID number), and then apply various random methods to determine the number of samples selected to form a sample. Sampling method often
There are lottery method, random number table method, computer method and so on.
A.2 Systematic sampling (Systematic sampling). also known as mechanical interval sampling, is to arrange the units in the population in a certain order.
A sampling method in which starting units are randomly selected within a certain range, and then other sample units are determined according to a set of rules. The simplest and most commonly used
Systematic sampling is equidistant sampling, that is, the sampling distance (that is, the same interval) is calculated according to the number of population units and sample units, and then the same
Select sample units by distance or interval. For example. extract 10 access numbers from 1000 phone numbers, with an interval of 100, to determine the starting point (from
After the dot< interval), an access number will be drawn for every 100 numbers.
A.3 Stratified sampling. Also called type sampling, it divides the survey population into homogeneous and non-intersecting layers (or types).
Type), and then independently draw samples in each layer (or type). For example. when investigating retail stores, divide them according to their size or inventory
In each layer, a number of large retail stores, a number of medium-sized stores, and a number of small-sized retail stores are selected according to a simple random method;
The population or industrial production is divided into super large cities, medium cities, small cities, etc., and then a few specific cities of each type.
A.4 Cluster sampling. First divide each unit of the population into several groups (groups), and then use the group as the unit to randomly select
The machine extracts a part of the group and conducts a comprehensive investigation of all units in the selected group. For example. household survey, sampling by plot or neighborhood committee,
Groups with geographic boundaries such as plots or neighborhood committees are the first sampling unit, and household sampling is implemented in the selected plots or neighborhood committees; in market surveys,
In the final level of sampling, a number of households were selected from the neighborhood committees, and then all adults over 18 years old in the selected households were surveyed.
A.5 Multistage sampling (Multistage sampling). also known as multistage sampling or multistage sampling, that is, sampling with two or more consecutive stages
In the process of sampling, first divide the population into some large units as the sampling units in the first stage and sample from them; then divide the selected units into
As the sampling unit in the second stage, samples are taken from the smaller units; then the selected units are divided into smaller units as the third stage
The sampling unit from which the sample is selected until the selected unit is the final survey unit. For example. take a national survey as an example, when
When the sample unit is an administrative unit at all levels, after stratifying according to the level of social development (or according to the level of economic development, or stratified by geographical location), from each level
Select a few areas first, then select cities, counties, and villages from the selected areas, and finally select households or individuals.
A.6 Capacity proportional probability sampling. it is the most commonly used one among unequal probability
This method refers to sampling in the population with reference to the size of each unit. Large-scale samples have a greater chance of being selected. Each individual in the population is selected
A sampling whose probability is proportional to the size of the individual. For example. when conducting enterprise surveys, companies are selected according to the PPS sampling method to make a large scale
Of companies have a high chance of being sampled.
BB
Appendix B
(Informative appendix)
Follow up and evaluate the work plan.
1.Survey content
(3) Collect the problems encountered by various relevant departments (such as supervisory departments, inspection agencies, and production enterprises) in the process of using the standards to
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